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GRAM POSITIVE
NON-SPORE
FORMING BACTERIA
Prepared by:
Miss Norzawani Jaffar & Mr Norazli Ghadin
Bsc (Hons) Biomedical Sciences, UKM
• Student could list the name of Gram +ve
Nonspore forming bacteria
• Student could classified the group of bacteria
in the topic.
• Student could discuss common identification
characreristic of each genus.
• Student could able to relate the bacteria with
disease.
• Gram-positive bacteria, stained purple, of both the
bacillus (“rod-shaped”) and coccus (spherical) forms.
• Gram-positive bacteria are those that are stained dark
blue or violet by Gram staining.
• This is in contrast to Gram-negative bacteria, which
cannot retain the crystal violet stain, instead taking up
the counterstain (safranin or fuchsine) and appearing
red or pink.
• Gram-positive organisms are able to retain the crystal
violet stain because of the high amount of
peptidoglycan in the cell wall.
• Gram-positive cell walls typically lack the outer
membrane found in Gram-negative bacteria.
GRAM POSITIVE NONSPORE-FORMING
BACILLI (Genus)
a) Regular, aerobic.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Lactobacillus
Listeria
Erysipelothrix
Rhotia
Arcanobacterium
b) Irregular
a) Aerobe Corynebacterium
b) Anaerobic
a)
b)
c)
Propionibacterium
Bifidobacterium
Eubacterium
Regular, aerobic
• Lactobacillus sp.
• Catalase negative, nonmotile, nitrate reducer,
glucose fermenter.
• Normal flora at vagina, intestinal tract and oral
cavity
• Use for commercial industry
Regular, aerobic
• Listeria sp 6 species.
• L. monocytogenes cause Listeriosis (high
fatality)
• Suspected in immunocompromise patient
• Noncapsulated, motile, catalase +ve, D-glucose
fermenter, beta hemolitic, API LISTERIA®
Regular, aerobic
Erysipelothrix
• Erysipelothrichaceae (Verbarg et al., 2004), is Grampositive but may appear Gram negative
• Strains are nonencapsulated, nonsporulating, nonmotile,
straight, or slightly curved, slender rods with rounded
ends, some show a tendency to form long filaments.
Organisms are arranged singly, in short chains, or in pairs
in a “V” configuration or are grouped randomly.
• optimal temperature 30–37°C, pH of 7.2–7.6
• a facultative anaerobe. Growth is improved by 5–10%
carbon dioxide. Heating at 60 °C for 15 min is lethal.
Regular, aerobic
• Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is able to grow in the
presence of 0.2% phenol, 0.1% ,sodium azide,
0.001% crystal violet, 0.05% potassium tellurite,
0.02% thallous acetate, and 0.2% 2,3,5, triphenyltetrazolium chloride
• catalase- negative and oxidase negative.
• anaerobic, chemoorganotrophic with respiratory
metabolism, and weakly fermentative.
• Acid but no gas produced from glucose and other
carbohydrate
• Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae : in a mild cutaneous
form known as erysipeloid
Regular, aerobic
Rhotia
• Identification with combination morphological
and biochemical tests used for staphylococci
and micrococci
• nonmotile and spherical, cluster arranged.
• Copious capsule
• Oxidase and benzidine tests are negative
• The catalase reaction is negative in 50%
• Resistant to lysostaphin
Regular, aerobic
• Sugars is fermented anaerobically (acid but no
gas)
• Usual identification is combination of commercial
identification systems, conventional biochemical
tests and combined with adherence to agar
surfaces, poor growth on Mueller-Hinton agar, and
the presence of a capsule
• Cause infection in patients with endocarditis,
intravenous drug abuser, in patients with preexisting valvular heart disease, and recurrent
peritonitis during chronic ambulatory peritoneal
dialysis
Regular, aerobic
Arcanobacterium
•facultative anaerobic,
•catalase negative,
•rods (coccal shape old culture) occurs as the
organism grows) with arrangements described as
matchbox or Chinese letters arrangements.
•Growth is enhanced in blood and by carbon dioxide.
•Cause pharyingitis, sepsis and osteomyelitis
•Sensitive to erythromycin(proposed as the
first line drug), clindamycin, gentamicin, and
cephalosporins.
irregular, aerobic
Corynebacterium
•catalase positive,
•non-spore-forming,
•non-motile,
•rod-shaped bacteria that are straight or slightly curved.
•Have metachromatic granules
• size falls between 2-6 umX 0.5 um.
•The bacteria group together "V", "palisades", or "Chinese
letters".
•They are aerobic or facultatively anaerobic,
chemoorganotrophs, with a 51–65% genomic G:C content.
•They are pleomorphic through their life cycle
irregular, aerobic
Cause diphtheria (C. diphtheriae).
Occur in
•unvaccinated individuals,
•those in developing countries,elderly,
•neutropenic or immunocompromised patients, and
those with
•prosthetic devices
•infect wounds, the vulva, the conjunctiva, and the
middle ear.
•It can be spread within a hospital
•Other pathogenic species in humans include: C.
amicolatum, C. striatum, C. jeikeium, C. urealyticum,
and C. xerosis
irregular, anaerobic
Propionibacterium
•
•
•
•
P. acnes cause acne
slow growing,
Aerotolerant
can also cause chronic blepharitis and
endophthalmitis,
• Commensal (skin ,gastrointestinal tract )
• It lives primarily on, fatty acids
• ability to generate propionic acid
irregular, anaerobic
Bifidobacterium
•
•
•
•
•
•
non-motile, nonfilamentous, often
branched,pleomorphic
occur singly or in many-celled chains or clumps.
Cells have no capsule
inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract, vagina] and
mouth (B. dentium).
Bifidobacteria aid in digestion allergies, prevent
tumor growth[. probiotics.
G. vaginalis, which is Gram variable
irregular, anaerobic
negative for the following:
• indole, gelatin hydrolysis, catalase , and
oxidase.
• growth temperature is 35–39°C
• from 42–67 mol%.
• chemoorganotrophs (fermentative)
• produce acid but no gas from a variety of
carbohydrates.
irregular, anaerobic
• Pathology
• B. denticolens bacteria isolated from dental caries
(and probably involved in caries pathology)
• Gardnerella vaginalis that often assumes pathogenic
character (such as in bacterial vaginosis and in
urogenital tract infections of both sexes).
B.denticolens
G. vaginalis
irregular, anaerobic
Eubacterium
• obligately anaerobic rods
• that do not produce:
– propionic acid as major acid
– lactic acid alone
– more acetic acid than lactic acid with and without
formic acid
– succinic acid (in the presence of carbon dioxide)
and lactic acid with small amounts of acetic or
formic acid
irregular, anaerobic
Q&A
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MICROBIOLOGY II: TOPIC 2