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Transcript
Science Unit One Forces and Motion What does it take to make an object move? FORCE - A push or a pull that acts on an object Forces are needed to set objects into motion Forces that can push or pull on objects • • • • • Contact or Non-contact forces Gravity Friction Air Magnetic Forces 2 KINDS OF FORCES • BALANCED FORCE –When all of the forces on an object cancel one another out • UNBALANCED FORCE –When a certain force is partially or not at all cancelled out by other forces Balanced Forces Balanced Forces with a Balloon • The inward push of the stretched rubber is balanced by the outward push of the air. Outside push of air Inside push of air • Now let’s take a look at unbalanced forces! • Remember… • UNBALANCED FORCE –When a certain force is partially or not at all cancelled out by other forces Unbalanced Force • Example of unbalanced force on a balloon Let’s explore • Working with a partner, your job is to find ways to show the class an example of a balanced force and an unbalanced force. • You may use each other and common objects found in the room. • Remember to be respectful of each other and of the things in this room. • You have 10 minutes to brainstorm. Let’s Explore… Plate and tablecloth If______________________ then____________ Reason? Marble and cup If _____________________then_____________ Reason? INERTIA – the tendency of an object to resist a change in its state of motion • If something is “not moving,” like a car, it wants to stay “not moving.” • If a marble is rolling down the hall, it wants to keep rolling down the hall. NEWTON’S FIRST LAW OF MOTION An object at rest will remain at rest and an object in motion will remain in motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. This is also called the LAW OF INTERTIA. • Show videos online of Newton’s First Law Assignment • Using your notes, complete the review sheet, Newton’s First Law FRICTION – A force that opposes the motion of one object moving past another GRAVITY – the name for the attractive force between the mass of Earth and the mass of objects on Earth • SPEED • How fast an object’s position changes with time at any given moment • Speed = d/t (distance divided by time) • VELOCITY • The speed and direction of a moving object • ACCELERATION • Change in velocity with respect to time • DECELERATION • When a force causes the speed of an object to decrease We have learned all about forces and Newton’s First Law of Motion! Now, let’s look at Newton’s Second Law of Motion… • FORCE is the push or pull that acts on an object. • MASS is the matter that makes up an object. • ACCELERATION is a change in velocity with respect to time. Newton’s Second Law of Motion Force = Mass x Acceleration (F = m x a) The acceleration of an object depends on its mass and the size of the force applied to it. Experiment time… • Bill Nye video on Newton’s laws • Newton’s Third Law of Motion –For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.