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Chapter 3 Presentation Notes Section 3.1 – The Rock Cycle Rocks ________________ are any solid mass of mineral or minerallike matter occurring naturally as part of our planet. Types of Rocks 1. ___________ is formed by the crystallization of molten magma. 2. __________________________ is formed from the weathered products of preexisting rocks that have been transported, deposited, compacted, and cemented. 3. __________________________ is formed by the alteration of pre-existing rock deep within Earth (but still in the solid state) by heat, pressure, and/or chemically active fluids. The Rock Cycle Shows the ______________________________ among the three rock types (igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic) ______________ is molten material that forms deep beneath the Earth’s surface. _____________________ is magma that reaches the surface. ________________________ is a process in which rocks are broken down by water, air, and living things. ____________________is weathered pieces of Earth elements. Energy That Drives the Rock Cycle ________________________________________ are responsible for forming both igneous rock and metamorphic rock. Weathering and the movement of weathered materials are ___________________________________________________. ___________________________ produce sedimentary rocks. 1 Chapter 3 Presentation Notes Section 3-2 – Igneous Rocks Formation of Igneous Rocks 1. ___________________________________ are formed when magma hardens beneath Earth’s surface. 2. Extrusive igneous rocks are formed _____________________. Classification of Igneous Rocks Igneous rocks can be classified based on their ______________ ____________________________. 1. Texture • _______________-grained texture is caused by slow cooling resulting in larger crystals. • ___________________________ is caused by rapid cooling resulting in smaller, interconnected mineral grains. • __________________ texture is caused by very rapid cooling. • ____________________ texture is caused by different rates of cooling resulting in varied sized minerals. 2. ____________________________ • ______________________________ rocks are made mostly of light-colored quartz and feldspar. • __________________________ rocks are made mostly of darkcolored silicate minerals and plagioclase feldspar. • __________________________rocks are between granitic lightcolor minerals and basaltic composition dark-colored minerals. • ___________________________ rocks are made mostly from iron and magnesium-rich minerals. Section 3.3 – Sedimentary Rocks Formation of Sedimentary Rocks Weathering, Erosion, and Deposition • _____________ involves the weathering and the removal of rock. • _____________________ occurs when an agent of erosion— water, wind, ice, or gravity—loses energy and drops sediments. 2 Chapter 3 Presentation Notes Compaction and Cementation • ___________ is a process that squeezes, or compacts, sediments. • ____________________ takes place when dissolved minerals are deposited in the tiny spaces among the sediments. Classification of Sedimentary Rocks Two Main Groups 1. ____________________________________are composed of weathered bits of rocks and minerals. • Classified by __________________________ • Common rocks include - ___________________ (most abundant) - ___________________ - ___________________ 2. _______________________________________ form when dissolved substances precipitate, or separate, from water. • Common rocks include - _______________________—most abundant chemical rock - ______________________ known as chert, flint, jasper, or agate - evaporites such as _____________________ Features of Some Sedimentary Rocks Features of sedimentary rocks are _______________________ _____________________________________________________ Section 3.4 – Metamorphic Rock Formation of Metamorphic Rocks ____________________________ means “to change form.” Most metamorphic changes occur at _____________________ Conditions for formation are found a _____________________ _____________________________________________________. 3 Chapter 3 Presentation Notes Formation of Metamorphic Rocks ____________________ occurs when magma moves into rock. Occurs near a __________________________ Changes are driven by a _________________________. _______________________________ results in large-scale deformation and high-grade metamorphism. __________________________________________ occur during mountain building. Produces the _____________________ of metamorphic rock Agents of Metamorphism _________________ Provides the ____________________________________ _________________ Causes a more ___________________________________ ___________________________ _____________________ escaping from the mass of magma Promote _____________________________________ and then depositing new ones Classification of Metamorphic Rocks Two main categories 1. ________________________________________ Has a banded or layered appearance 2. ________________________________________ Does not have a banded texture 4