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Chapter 3 Presentation Notes
Section 3.1 – The Rock Cycle
Rocks
 ________________ are any solid mass of mineral or minerallike matter occurring naturally as part of our planet.
 Types of Rocks
1. ___________ is formed by the crystallization of molten magma.
2. __________________________ is formed from the weathered
products of preexisting rocks that have been transported, deposited,
compacted, and cemented.
3. __________________________ is formed by the alteration of
pre-existing rock deep within Earth (but still in the solid state) by
heat, pressure, and/or chemically active fluids.
The Rock Cycle
 Shows the ______________________________ among the
three rock types (igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic)
 ______________ is molten material that forms deep beneath
the Earth’s surface.
_____________________ is magma that reaches the surface.
 ________________________ is a process in which rocks are
broken down by water, air, and living things.
____________________is weathered pieces of Earth elements.
Energy That Drives the Rock Cycle
 ________________________________________ are
responsible for forming both igneous rock and metamorphic rock.
 Weathering and the movement of weathered materials are
___________________________________________________.
 ___________________________ produce sedimentary rocks.
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Chapter 3 Presentation Notes
Section 3-2 – Igneous Rocks
Formation of Igneous Rocks
1. ___________________________________ are formed when
magma hardens beneath Earth’s surface.
2. Extrusive igneous rocks are formed _____________________.
Classification of Igneous Rocks
 Igneous rocks can be classified based on their ______________
____________________________.
1. Texture
• _______________-grained texture is caused by slow cooling
resulting in larger crystals.
• ___________________________ is caused by rapid cooling
resulting in smaller, interconnected mineral grains.
• __________________ texture is caused by very rapid cooling.
• ____________________ texture is caused by different rates of
cooling resulting in varied sized minerals.
2. ____________________________
• ______________________________ rocks are made mostly of
light-colored quartz and feldspar.
• __________________________ rocks are made mostly of darkcolored silicate minerals and plagioclase feldspar.
• __________________________rocks are between granitic lightcolor minerals and basaltic composition dark-colored minerals.
• ___________________________ rocks are made mostly from
iron and magnesium-rich minerals.
Section 3.3 – Sedimentary Rocks
Formation of Sedimentary Rocks
Weathering, Erosion, and Deposition
• _____________ involves the weathering and the removal of rock.
• _____________________ occurs when an agent of erosion—
water, wind, ice, or gravity—loses energy and drops sediments.
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Chapter 3 Presentation Notes
 Compaction and Cementation
• ___________ is a process that squeezes, or compacts, sediments.
• ____________________ takes place when dissolved minerals
are deposited in the tiny spaces among the sediments.
Classification of Sedimentary Rocks
 Two Main Groups
1. ____________________________________are composed
of weathered bits of rocks and minerals.
• Classified by __________________________
• Common rocks include
- ___________________ (most abundant)
- ___________________
- ___________________
2. _______________________________________ form when
dissolved substances precipitate, or separate, from water.
• Common rocks include
- _______________________—most abundant chemical rock
- ______________________ known as chert, flint, jasper, or agate
- evaporites such as _____________________
Features of Some Sedimentary Rocks
 Features of sedimentary rocks are _______________________
_____________________________________________________
Section 3.4 – Metamorphic Rock
Formation of Metamorphic Rocks
 ____________________________ means “to change form.”
 Most metamorphic changes occur at _____________________
 Conditions for formation are found a _____________________
_____________________________________________________.
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Chapter 3 Presentation Notes
Formation of Metamorphic Rocks
 ____________________ occurs when magma moves into rock.
 Occurs near a __________________________
 Changes are driven by a _________________________.
 _______________________________ results in large-scale
deformation and high-grade metamorphism.
 __________________________________________ occur
during mountain building.
 Produces the _____________________ of metamorphic rock
Agents of Metamorphism
 _________________
 Provides the ____________________________________
 _________________
 Causes a more ___________________________________
 ___________________________
 _____________________ escaping from the mass of magma
 Promote _____________________________________ and
then depositing new ones
Classification of Metamorphic Rocks
 Two main categories
1. ________________________________________
 Has a banded or layered appearance
2. ________________________________________
 Does not have a banded texture
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