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The Heart
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The human heart is primarily a shell.
There are four cavities, or open spaces, inside the
heart that fill with blood. Two of these cavities are
called atria. The two atria form the curved top of
the heart.
Two are called ventricles. The ventricles meet at
the bottom of the heart to form a pointed base
which points toward the left side of your chest.
The left ventricle contracts most forcefully, so you
can best feel your heart pumping on the left side of
your chest.
The Position of the Heart
Trachea / Epiglottis
Heart
Retention
Lungs
Achievement
Success
Ribcage
Diaphragm
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The left side of the heart houses one atrium and
one ventricle.
The right side of the heart houses the others.
A wall, called the septum, separates the right
and left sides of the heart.
A valve connects each atrium to the ventricle
below it. The mitral valve connects the left
atrium with the left ventricle. The tricuspid
valve connects the right atrium with the right
ventricle.
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The top of the heart connects to a few large blood
vessels.
The largest of these is the aorta, or main artery,
which carries nutrient-rich blood away from the
heart. Another important vessel is the pulmonary
artery which connects the heart with the lungs as
part of the pulmonary circulation system.
The two largest veins that carry blood into the
heart are the superior vena cava and the inferior
vena cava. They are called "vena cava" because
they are the "heart's veins." The superior is located
near the top of the heart. The inferior is located
beneath the superior
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The average heart's muscle, called cardiac
muscle, contracts and relaxes about 70 to 80
times per minute without you ever having to
think about it.
As the cardiac muscle contracts it pushes blood
through the chambers and into the vessels.
Nerves connected to the heart regulate the
speed with which the muscle contracts
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The average adult heart is about the size of a
clenched fist and weighs about 11 ounces (310
grams). Located in the middle of the chest
behind the breastbone, between the lungs, the
heart rests in a moistened chamber called the
pericardial cavity which is surrounded by the
ribcage. The diaphragm, a tough layer of
muscle, lies below. As a result, the heart is well
protected
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Remember that your heart is a muscle. If you want it to
be strong, you need to exercise it. How do you do that?
By being active in a way that gets you huffing and
puffing, like jumping rope, dancing, or playing
basketball. Try to be active every day!
Eat a variety of healthy foods and avoid foods high in
unhealthy fats, such as saturated fats and trans fats.
Don't smoke. It can damage the heart and blood
vessels.
So now you know that your heart doesn't look like a
valentine, but it sure deserves to be loved for all the
work it does. It started pumping blood before you were
born and will continue pumping throughout your
whole life.
The Heart
Semilunar or Pulmonary Valve
Aorta
Superior Vena Cava
Left
Atrium
Right
Atrium
Retention
Aortic Valve
Achievement
Tricuspid Valve
Inferior Vena Cava
Mitral /
Bicuspid
Valve
Success
Right
Ventricle
Left
Ventricle
The Cardiac Cycle - How the Heart Beats
Every time the heart beats it goes through a 3-part cycle:
Stage 1
 The top chambers (atria) relax and fill up with blood
from the veins.
Stage 2
 The atria contract and the blood is forced into
the relaxing bottom chambers (ventricles).
Stage 3
 The ventricles contract and the blood is
forced out of the heart into the arteries.
Oxygenated blood is
pumped to the head
and arms
Aorta
Retention
Aortic Valve,
prevents the
blood from
flowing back
into the left
ventricle
Achievement
Success
Oxygenated blood is
pumped to the lower
torso and legs
The Circulatory System
The circulatory system is also known as the cardiovascular system.
It consists of…
1. Blood
2. Blood Vessels
3. The Heart
The three main types of blood vessels
are arteries, veins and capillaries.
Blood Vessels
Retention
Left
Atrium
Achievement
Left
Ventricle
Right
Ventricle
Success
Blood vessels
3 types of blood vessel
Arteries
Retention
Left
Atrium
Veins
Achievement
Left
Ventricle
Capillaries
Right
Ventricle
Success
How Blood is Pumped around the Body
Blood flows around the body in a double
circulatory system.
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Blood always travels away from the
heart through the arteries (A).
Blood always returns to the heart
through the veins (V).
(A)
(V)
(A)
(V)
Heart
Lungs
There two major, separate ‘loops’ to the
circulatory system:
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The pulmonary circuit – carries blood
from the heart to and from the lungs.
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The systemic circuit – carries blood from the heart to
and from the head and the rest of the body.
Body
Arteries
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Take Blood AWAY from
the heart
Thick muscular walls
to cope with high pressure
Elastic
Usually carry oxygenated
blood (except the pulmonary
artery)
How the Heart Pumps Blood
The heart is divided into 2 parts. Each part is a pump, so the heart is
a double pump.
To
To
the lungs the body
From
the body
The right side
pumps deoxygenated
blood to the lungs to
pick up oxygen.
From
the lungs
The left side
pumps oxygenated
blood to the rest of
the body for use.
Veins
•Take Blood TOWARDS the
heart
•Thin walls
•Non-Return valves
•Peristalsis
•Usually carry
deoxygenated blood
(except the pulmonary
vein)
Capillaries
Walls one cell thick to allow Diffusion of
oxygen TO, and CO2 FROM the muscle
Pulmonary Artery
to the lungs
Superior Vena Cava
Pulmonary
Artery to the
Lungs
Aorta
Semilunar Valve
Pulmonary
Veins
From Lungs
Left
Atrium
Right
Atrium
Pulmonary
Veins
From Lungs
Retention
Achievement
Left
Ventricle
Tricuspid Valve
Bicuspid
Valve
Right
Ventricle
Success
Inferior Vena Cava
The Heart
Aortic Valve
PULMONARY AND
SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION
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Heart
Veins
Capillaries
Arteries
Blood
Blood Vessels
Aorta
Lungs
Ribcage
Diaphragm
Pump
Right Ventricle
Oxygen
Right Atrium
Left Atrium
Vena cava
Aorta
Inferior Vena Cava
Pulmonary veins
Aortic Valve
Bicuspid valve
Atrium
ventricle
Tricuspid valve
Valve
Cardiac muscle
semilunar valve
Circulation
Test
Label the heart including the
adjoining vessels.
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Structure of the heart
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How the heart pumps blood
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Pathway of blood