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Genome Editing
A ND IT S IMPACT O N HE A LT HCA R E
BY: VI SHA L I E MOHAN
Overview
• Genome editing:
• What is it?
• How does it work?
• Future of genome editing
• Why is it important to us as healthcare providers?
What is genome editing?
How do we edit a gene?
• There are two things we
need to address
• Location of the gene
sequence
• How to cleave the sequence
for editing
Solution: engineer a nuclease to do it!
• Component of nuclease that recognizes the specific DNA
sequence (location)
• Nuclease (nucleic enzyme) (cleaves the DNA)
Genetic engineering
• Types of Nucleus based genome editing
• Zinc-finger nucleases (ZFN)
• Meganucleases
• TALENs
• CRISPRs
Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic
Repeats (CRISPR)
• Nuclease (nucleic enzyme)
(cleaves the DNA)
• Cas9 creates a double strand
break
• Component of nuclease
that recognizes the
specific DNA sequence
(location)
• A designed RNA sequence
that binds to complementary
DNA sequence
Bacteria as a model
Why CRISPR?
Can pass on to future generations
Population modification
approach
How does this relate to Nurses?
• “Nurses knowledgeable about
genetics/genomics and skilled
at obtaining and assessing risk
in a family history have the
potential to help people avert
adult onset disorders and
consequential morbidity and
mortality.”
Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
“Across the lifespan,
nursing focuses on health
promotion and disease
prevention, which is an
integral component of
genetic/genomic health
care practices. ”
References
• Calzone KA, Cashion A, Feetham S, et al. Nurses Transforming Health Care Using Genetics
and Genomics. Nursing outlook. 2010;58(1):26-35. doi:10.1016/j.outlook.2009.05.001.
• Gantz VM, Jasinskiene N, Tatarenkova O, et al. Highly efficient Cas9-mediated gene drive for
population modification of the malaria vector mosquitoAnopheles stephensi. Proceedings of
the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2015;112(49):E6736-E6743.
doi:10.1073/pnas.1521077112.
• Ireland P. Viruses Might Be Actual Living Creatures, Capable of Stealing - Visual Science.
Visual Science. 2013. Available at:
http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/visualscience/2013/03/15/viruses-might-be-actual-livingcreatures-capable-of-stealing/#.VzGO8lgrLgk. Accessed May 9, 2016.
• Rojahn S. Genome Surgery. MIT Technology Review. 2016. Available at:
https://www.technologyreview.com/s/524451/genome-surgery/. Accessed May 9, 2016.
• Wang H, Yang H, Shivalila CS, et al. One-Step Generation of Mice Carrying Mutations in
Multiple Genes by CRISPR/Cas-Mediated Genome Engineering.Cell. 2013;153(4):910-918.
doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.04.025.