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The Respiratory System Intro Movie: 23min The Respiratory System • Brings oxygen into the body • Removes carbon dioxide and water. • We breathe about 6L of air every minute. – Air contains oxygen which is required for respiration to take place in our cells. • Carbon dioxide and water are the waste products of respiration. Oxygen + Nutrients = Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy The Respiratory System Nose Mouth Larynx (Voice Box) Lung Pharynx Epiglottis Trachea (Windpipe) Bronchus Diaphragm Alveoli Nose and Mouth o Two locations through which air enters the respiratory system. – Which of these two locations is the BEST for you to breathe through? • The Nose Why? – Air is warmed by blood flowing through capillaries in the inner lining of the nose. – Air is moistened by the mucus lining which prevents tissues from drying out. – Air is cleaned by tiny hairs that trap dust particles and microscopic organisms. The Pharynx o Air moves into the pharynx, located at the back of the throat. • Location where the digestive and respiratory systems cross. Food and air both travel through the pharynx. o As air passes by the epiglottis and is directed down the trachea toward the lungs. • Food would be directed into the esophagus when the epiglottis closes off the airway during swallowing. The Larynx • After the pharynx is the larynx, voice box. o Vocal cords vibrate as air passes through them to create sound. Men’s vocal cords are longer thus deeper voices. Women’s vocal cords are shorter thus higher pitched voices. Stephen Tyler – 10:49 min The Trachea • The Trachea – (Windpipe) o passes by the epiglottis and is directed down the trachea toward the lungs. o Alternating bands of cartilage and smooth muscle make up the trachea. o Tiny hairs line the trachea and trap particles that made it past the nose. The Trachea Larynx Cartilage Rings Trachea The Bronchi • The lower end of the trachea splits into two tubes – Bronchi. – One directs air to the left lung and one to the right lung. Bronchi The Lungs • Lungs are made up of smaller and smaller tubes that eventually end in small grape-like clusters called alveoli. – Make up most of the tissue of the lungs. – Make the lungs soft and spongy. – Surrounded by capillaries and oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged here by diffusion. The Alveoli Lung Comparison Lung Comparison Normal Emphysema Mechanics of Breathing • Breathing in: (Inspiration/Inhaling) – Muscles attached to the ribs contract and pulls up and out. – The diaphragm, at the bottom of your chest, contracts and pulls down. – Both actions allow the chest to expand making more room for the entering air. • Air pressure is now lower in your lungs compared to the air pressure outside your body, forcing the air to rush into the lungs. Mechanics of Breathing • Breathing out: (Expiration/Exhaling) – Muscles in your chest relax, moving down and in. – The diaphragm relaxes, moving up. – Both actions reduce the amount of space available in your chest cavity, forcing air out. • Air pressure is now greater inside your lungs compared to the air pressure outside your body, forcing the air to rush out of the lungs. Breathing Animation • Mechanics of Breathing – 1:14min • Process of Respiration