Download spread of islam guided notes cornell

Topic: The Growth of Islam: Muhammad changes the world
CUES/QUESTIONS/MAIN
Date:
NOTES:
IDEAS
LOCATION
 Arabian Peninsula – Southwest Asia, AKA
_____________________________
–Serves as a bridge between ______________, ____________, and
_____________, allowing goods and ideas to be shared..
THE ARABIAN PENINSULA
•This land is __________________, so the people living there were
___________________.
–“______________________” were organized into _______________
– tribes and groups that provided security and support in the harsh
conditions
•By the early _______s CE, many Arabs settled in an oasis or market town,
creating permanent trade routes between the ________________ and
_______________ Empires, and along the _________________
–Traded – spices, incense, silk, ideas and other products, and used
_____________ to transport across land.
•Mecca was along the trade routes, and traders would stop at the
_______________, adding idols to be worshipped along with many gods
and spirits.
•_________________________ also existed in the area – Arabic
Christians and Jews worshiped one God.
–God = _____________ (Arabic) = __________________ (Hebrew) =
__________ (Aramaic)
MUHAMMAD
•Born in Mecca around ________AD; little is known of his early life
–He had no formal education- he was an illiterate
____________________ and ____________________
–Worked as a trader for a wealthy widow caravan owner,
_____________________, and at age 25, they married
•Muhammad became distressed with the _____________________ of
Arabs, so he began to __________ and _______________ about the
fate of his people.
•At about 40, Muhammad heard the voice of the Angel
_________________ telling him that there was only one Lord, Allah.
•Muhammad believed he was the last and the greatest in a series of
prophets of Allah, starting first with ______________ and including
Moses. (Muhammad=“____________________”)
ABRAHAMIC RELIGIONS
•Muhammad is a descendant of _________________, and his beliefs
are based on _______________’s prophecy.
•Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are all ____________________ faiths,
and the “God” is the same
THE DOME OF THE ROCK
•
•
In ______________________ – oldest standing Islamic monument
Spot where Abraham prepared to sacrifice his son Isaac to God, and
Muhammad ascended to heaven to learn Allah’s will
MUHAMMAD SPREADS
ISLAM
•Muhammad began to preach Islam in ________ CE, but was met with
THE QU’RAN
•_________________ is the language of the Qu’ran, and only
hostility and rejection in Mecca, because many thought it would hurt Mecca
as a ________________ and ________________ center.
–Muhammad left Mecca in 622 CE and began the _______________, or
“flight” to Yathrib, which was renamed __________________. This is
year 1 in Muslim calendar.
–There, he joined Arabs, Muslims and Jews together into one community, or
“____________” and served them as a political, religious and military
leader.
–In 630, Muhammad led 10,000 followers to _____________
–Many Meccans converted to Islam and join the ______________.
•Muhammad dies 2 years later in 632 at age _____.
–After his death, Muhammad’s revelations were written in Arabic and
collected the ______________, the holy book of the Muslims, seen as a
sequel to the Torah and Gospels
________________ is the true word of Allah, used to unite and control
later conquered peoples.
MUSLIM WAY OF LIFE
•May not drink ______________ or eat _____________
•No ________________ or central religious authority – worship Allah
directly
–_______________ – scholar class of religious teachers who apply M’s
teachings to everyday life.
•Must follow the Five Pillars:
o
o
o
o
o
______________________________________
______________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
•The __________ must select a new leader, since
__________________ had no son for an heir.
•One group felt that _____, Muhamad’s son-in-law/cousin &
closest male__________ should become Islam’s leader (follows
Bedouin tradition).
•Another group wanted more _____________ & supported
_________, Muhammad’s friend, father-in-law & a military leader.
 ________________ is chosen as the First ________ (“deputy” of the
Prophet), & this causes a split.
Those who supported Abu-Baker later became
known as the _________________ sect of
Islam
Those who wanted Ali (& later his son Husain)
later become the _________ sect of Islam
(now known as Shite).
 Abu-Bakr fought against ____________ tribes who wanted to break
away from the umma & maintained unity through
___________________ __________________.
Islamic calendar
Caliph
Abu-Bakr
Gregorian calendar
Major developments
Fought Bedouin tribes
that tried to break away
& maintained unity
through military conflict.
Umar
Fought outsiders &
explained Islam to Egypt
Syria & Iraq.
Uthman
Spreads Islam
throughout Egypt & into
No. Africa.
Ali
Conflict arises between
Ali & Umayyad, leading
to two sects/branches of
Islam.
 Abu-Bakr invoked jihad, or “_______________” to encourage the
expansion of Islam.
 The Bedouins had superior ________________ skills & created a
strong _________.
 The ________________ & ________________ Empires were weak
foes.
 Non-Christians (Byzantine) & non-Zorastrians (Persian) were persecuted
in their empires and welcomed __________________
_______________.
 Islam’s message of ________________ had wide appeal among the
people it spread to.
 ______________________ peoples could maintain their religion, but
had to pay a poll tax to avoid military duties – creating a strong
_________________ base.
 Those who converted to Islam avoided the ___________ _________.
 When Islam expanded the old _______________
________________ of the Classical Period were revived between
Africa & Eurasia.
 Centers of ________________ flourished in Cairo, Baghdad &
Cordoba in Spain.
 Arabic becomes the shared language of ___________________.
 _____________________ becomes the “international” city where
Muslims from across Eurasian & Africa come together & exchange
__________________ & __________________
__________________. “