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Topic: The Growth of Islam: Muhammad changes the world CUES/QUESTIONS/MAIN Date: NOTES: IDEAS LOCATION Arabian Peninsula – Southwest Asia, AKA _____________________________ –Serves as a bridge between ______________, ____________, and _____________, allowing goods and ideas to be shared.. THE ARABIAN PENINSULA •This land is __________________, so the people living there were ___________________. –“______________________” were organized into _______________ – tribes and groups that provided security and support in the harsh conditions •By the early _______s CE, many Arabs settled in an oasis or market town, creating permanent trade routes between the ________________ and _______________ Empires, and along the _________________ –Traded – spices, incense, silk, ideas and other products, and used _____________ to transport across land. •Mecca was along the trade routes, and traders would stop at the _______________, adding idols to be worshipped along with many gods and spirits. •_________________________ also existed in the area – Arabic Christians and Jews worshiped one God. –God = _____________ (Arabic) = __________________ (Hebrew) = __________ (Aramaic) MUHAMMAD •Born in Mecca around ________AD; little is known of his early life –He had no formal education- he was an illiterate ____________________ and ____________________ –Worked as a trader for a wealthy widow caravan owner, _____________________, and at age 25, they married •Muhammad became distressed with the _____________________ of Arabs, so he began to __________ and _______________ about the fate of his people. •At about 40, Muhammad heard the voice of the Angel _________________ telling him that there was only one Lord, Allah. •Muhammad believed he was the last and the greatest in a series of prophets of Allah, starting first with ______________ and including Moses. (Muhammad=“____________________”) ABRAHAMIC RELIGIONS •Muhammad is a descendant of _________________, and his beliefs are based on _______________’s prophecy. •Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are all ____________________ faiths, and the “God” is the same THE DOME OF THE ROCK • • In ______________________ – oldest standing Islamic monument Spot where Abraham prepared to sacrifice his son Isaac to God, and Muhammad ascended to heaven to learn Allah’s will MUHAMMAD SPREADS ISLAM •Muhammad began to preach Islam in ________ CE, but was met with THE QU’RAN •_________________ is the language of the Qu’ran, and only hostility and rejection in Mecca, because many thought it would hurt Mecca as a ________________ and ________________ center. –Muhammad left Mecca in 622 CE and began the _______________, or “flight” to Yathrib, which was renamed __________________. This is year 1 in Muslim calendar. –There, he joined Arabs, Muslims and Jews together into one community, or “____________” and served them as a political, religious and military leader. –In 630, Muhammad led 10,000 followers to _____________ –Many Meccans converted to Islam and join the ______________. •Muhammad dies 2 years later in 632 at age _____. –After his death, Muhammad’s revelations were written in Arabic and collected the ______________, the holy book of the Muslims, seen as a sequel to the Torah and Gospels ________________ is the true word of Allah, used to unite and control later conquered peoples. MUSLIM WAY OF LIFE •May not drink ______________ or eat _____________ •No ________________ or central religious authority – worship Allah directly –_______________ – scholar class of religious teachers who apply M’s teachings to everyday life. •Must follow the Five Pillars: o o o o o ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ •The __________ must select a new leader, since __________________ had no son for an heir. •One group felt that _____, Muhamad’s son-in-law/cousin & closest male__________ should become Islam’s leader (follows Bedouin tradition). •Another group wanted more _____________ & supported _________, Muhammad’s friend, father-in-law & a military leader. ________________ is chosen as the First ________ (“deputy” of the Prophet), & this causes a split. Those who supported Abu-Baker later became known as the _________________ sect of Islam Those who wanted Ali (& later his son Husain) later become the _________ sect of Islam (now known as Shite). Abu-Bakr fought against ____________ tribes who wanted to break away from the umma & maintained unity through ___________________ __________________. Islamic calendar Caliph Abu-Bakr Gregorian calendar Major developments Fought Bedouin tribes that tried to break away & maintained unity through military conflict. Umar Fought outsiders & explained Islam to Egypt Syria & Iraq. Uthman Spreads Islam throughout Egypt & into No. Africa. Ali Conflict arises between Ali & Umayyad, leading to two sects/branches of Islam. Abu-Bakr invoked jihad, or “_______________” to encourage the expansion of Islam. The Bedouins had superior ________________ skills & created a strong _________. The ________________ & ________________ Empires were weak foes. Non-Christians (Byzantine) & non-Zorastrians (Persian) were persecuted in their empires and welcomed __________________ _______________. Islam’s message of ________________ had wide appeal among the people it spread to. ______________________ peoples could maintain their religion, but had to pay a poll tax to avoid military duties – creating a strong _________________ base. Those who converted to Islam avoided the ___________ _________. When Islam expanded the old _______________ ________________ of the Classical Period were revived between Africa & Eurasia. Centers of ________________ flourished in Cairo, Baghdad & Cordoba in Spain. Arabic becomes the shared language of ___________________. _____________________ becomes the “international” city where Muslims from across Eurasian & Africa come together & exchange __________________ & __________________ __________________. “