Download CHAPTER 8- The Skeletal System: The Appendicular

CHAPTER 8 - The Skeletal System: The Appendicular Skeleton
Choose the single best answer to each of the following questions.
1) The pectoral girdle
A) includes the scapula.
B) includes the clavicle.
C) attaches the lower extremity to the trunk
D) A and B are correct.
E) A, B, and C are correct.
Answer: D
Reference: Page 232, Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdle
Level of Difficulty: Easy
2) The pectoral girdles
A) do not articulate with the vertebrae.
B) articulate with the ribs.
C) articulate with the sternum at the acromioclavicular joint.
D) are held in place primarily by ligaments.
E) All of the above.
Answer: A
Reference: Page 232, Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdle
Level of Difficulty: Medium
3) The clavicle
A) is J-shaped.
B) lies obliquely across the posterior thorax inferior to the first rib.
C) attaches to the sternum at its lateral end.
D) attaches to the humerus at its medial end.
E) is one of the most frequently fractured bones of the body.
Answer: E
Reference: Page 232, Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdle
Level of Difficulty: Medium
4) The clavicle
A) attaches to the scapula via the acromioclavicular ligament.
B) attaches to the sternum via the sternoclavicular ligament.
C) serves as an attachment point for a ligament that joins the clavicle and sternum.
D) attaches to the first rib via the costoclavicular ligament.
E) All of the above are correct.
Answer: E
Reference: Page 232, Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdle
Level of Difficulty: Medium
5) The scapula
A) is roughly triangular in shape.
B) has a prominent spine on its anterior surface.
C) has a subscapular fossa on its posterior surface.
D) is thicker on its medial border.
E) has a lateral border that lies about 5 cm from the vertebral column.
Answer: A
Reference: Page 232, Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdle
Level of Difficulty: Medium
6) The scapula
A) is commonly called the collar bone.
B) is attached to the vertebrae on its medial side.
C) has a glenoid fossa that articulates with the head of the humerus.
D) has a spinous process that articulates with the clavicle.
E) has a coracoid process that is the high point of the shoulder.
Answer: C
Reference: Page 232, Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdle
Level of Difficulty: Medium
7) Which of the following bones are found in the upper extremity?
1. carpals
2. radius
3. humerus
4. metatarsals
5. phalanges
6. ulna
A) 2, 3 and 6 but not 1, 4 or 5
B) 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6 but not 4
C) 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 but not 1
D) 1, 2, 3 and 6 but not 4 or 5
E) All of the listed bones are found in the upper extremity.
Answer: B
Reference: Page 235, Upper Limb (Extremity)
Level of Difficulty: Medium
8) The humerus
A) is the most distal bone of the upper extremity.
B) is the longest and largest bone of the upper extremity.
C) articulates with the lateral end of the clavicle.
D) has a surgical neck but no anatomical neck.
E) may be recognized by the distinct, large trochanters at its proximal end.
Answer: B
Reference: Page 235, Upper Limb (Extremity)
Level of Difficulty: Medium
9) Each bone surface marking of the humerus is correctly described EXCEPT:
A) capitulum: rounded distal end; articulates with ulna
B) olecranal fossa: posterior depression; receives olecranon of ulna
C) medial and lateral epicondyles: sites of attachment for forearm muscles.
D) deltoid tuberosity: roughened elevation at proximal end; site of deltoid muscle attachment
E) greater tubercle: most lateral part of humerus that can be felt through the skin
Answer: A
Reference: Page 235, Upper Limb (Extremity)
Level of Difficulty: Medium
10) Which part of the humerus articulates with the scapula?
A) glenoid fossa lesser tubercle
B) capitulum
C) head
D) trochlea
E) lesser tubercle
Answer: C
Reference: Page 235, Upper Limb (Extremity)
Level of Difficulty: Easy
11) Which part of the humerus interacts with the ulna?
A) coronoid fossa
B) olecranal fossa
C) trochlea
D) A and B are correct.
E) A, B and C are correct.
Answer: E
Reference: Page 235, Upper Limb (Extremity)
Level of Difficulty: Medium
12) The ulna
A) is the shorter of the two bones in the forearm.
B) lies medial to the radius.
C) has a trochlear notch at its distal end.
D) has a radial notch on its medial side.
E) articulates with the radius only at the radial notch.
Answer: B
Reference: Page 235, Upper Limb (Extremity)
Level of Difficulty: Medium
13) The styloid process of the ulna
A) lies at its distal end.
B) forms the bump felt on the medial side of the posterior of the wrist.
C) provides attachments for the ulnar collateral ligaments.
D) articulates with the triquetrum and the pisiform bone.
E) All of the above are correct.
Answer: E
Reference: Page 235, Upper Limb (Extremity)
Level of Difficulty: Medium
14) The radius
A) has a disc-shaped head at its proximal end.
B) has a styloid process on the medial side of its distal end.
C) is the longer, stronger bone of the forearm.
D) articulates with the proximal end of the humerus.
E) articulates with the pisiform and hamate bones.
Answer: A
Reference: Page 235, Upper Limb (Extremity)
Level of Difficulty: Medium
15) Where does the radius articulate with the ulna?
A) through the radial head at the radial notch
B) through an interosseous membrane running between the shafts of those bones
C) through the ulnar head at the ulnar notch
D) A and B are correct.
E) A, B and C are correct.
Answer: E
Reference: Page 235, Upper Limb (Extremity)
Level of Difficulty: Medium
16) Which bone is NOT a carpal?
A) scaphoid
B) lunate
C) triquetrum
D) cuboid
E) hamate
Answer: D
Reference: Page 235, Upper Limb (Extremity)
Level of Difficulty: Easy
17 ) Which carpal is the most frequently fractured bone of the wrist?
A) capitate
B) lunate
C) scaphoid
D) trapezoid
E) trapezium
Answer: C
Reference: Page 235, Upper Limb (Extremity)
Level of Difficulty: Medium
18) Which of the following contribute to the carpal tunnel?
A) flexor retinaculum
B) concave space formed by pisiform and hamate bones
C) concave space formed by scaphoid and trapezium bones
D) A and B are correct.
E) A, B and C are correct.
Answer: E
Reference: Page 235, Upper Limb (Extremity)
Level of Difficulty: Medium
19) The bone distal to the scaphoid but proximal to the metacarpal of the thumb is
A) trapezium.
B) trapezoid.
C) capitate.
D) lunate.
E) hamate.
Answer: A
Reference: Page 235, Upper Limb (Extremity)
Level of Difficulty: Medium
20) Which of the following is NOT true of phalanges of the hand?
A) They are the bones of the fingers and thumb.
B) They are numbered I –V like the metacarpals.
C) There are 3 phalanges in each digit.
D) The proximal row articulates with the metacarpals.
E) The total number of phalanges in one hand is 14.
Answer: C
Reference: Page 235, Upper Limb (Extremity)
Level of Difficulty: Medium
21) A homeowner was trying to push a 7.5 cm nail into a board with only 3 strikes of the hammer.
The 3rd strike missed the nail and hit his hand proximal to the knuckle under his index finger. An
x-ray reveals that he broke the bone there. Which metacarpal did the hammer blow break?
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
Answer: B
Reference: Page 235, Upper Limb (Extremity)
Level of Difficulty: Medium
22) The pelvic girdle
A) includes the two coxal bones.
B) attaches the lower extremity to the trunk.
C) includes the sacrum.
D) A and B are correct.
E) A, B and C are correct.
Answer: D
Reference: Page 240, Pelvic (Hip) Girdle
Level of Difficulty: Medium
23) The bony pelvis
A) includes the ilium, ischium and pubis.
B) includes the cartilaginous pubic symphysis.
C) includes the sacrum.
D) supports the pelvic organs and vertebral column.
E) All of the above are correct.
Answer: E
Reference: Page 240, Pelvic (Hip) Girdle
Level of Difficulty: Medium
24) A young mother carries a child on her hip. The child’s weight rests against her
A) ilium.
B) ischium.
C) pubis.
D) sacrum.
E) B and C are correct.
Answer: A
Reference: Page 240, Pelvic (Hip) Girdle
Level of Difficulty: Medium
25) Which of the following is associated with an ilium?
A) a fossa
B) several spines (anterior superior, anterior inferior, posterior superior, posterior inferior)
C) several lines (arcurate, posterior, inferior and anterior gluteal)
D) a crest
E) All of the above are associated with an ilium.
Answer: E
Reference: Page 240, Pelvic (Hip) Girdle
Level of Difficulty: Medium
26) What is the typical site of a bone marrow biopsy on an adult?
A) anterior superior iliac spine
B) iliac crest
C) pubic crest
D) ischial ramus
E) posterior superior iliac spine
Answer: B
Reference: Page 240, Pelvic (Hip) Girdle
Level of Difficulty: Medium
27) When you are sitting normally in a chair, upon which bones does your weight rest?
A) ilia.
B) ischia
C) pubic bones
D) sacrum.
E) coccygeal.
Answer: B
Reference: Page 240, Pelvic (Hip) Girdle
Level of Difficulty: Medium
28) All of the following are associated with the ischium EXCEPT:
A) a spine
B) the obturator foramen
C) the greater sciatic notch
D) a thick tuberosity
E) a ramus
Answer: C
Reference: Page 240, Pelvic (Hip) Girdle
Level of Difficulty:
29) The pubic bones
A) consist of anterior and posterior rami.
B) are inferior and lateral to the ilia.
C) may be palpated near the umbilicus.
D) are joined together by the pubic symphysis.
E) are the largest and strongest components of the coxal bones.
Answer: D
Reference: Page 240, Pelvic (Hip) Girdle
Level of Difficulty: Medium
30) A full urinary bladder extends into the false pelvis. Sometimes a patient’s urethra is so
damaged urine cannot be released from the body through that exit. In that case, a medical
procedure inserts a catheter through the skin and into the bladder. A landmark for that procedure
is the median of the anterior junction of the two coxal bones. The catheter is inserted above that
landmark. Based on this information, what is this type of catheterization called?
A) suprapubic
B) infrapubic
C) retropubic
D) anteropubic
E) symphopubic
Answer: A
Reference: Page 240, Pelvic (Hip) Girdle
Level of Difficulty: Hard
31) A pediatrician examining a six-week old baby girl diagnoses the child with congenital
(developmental) hip dysplasia on her left side. When the parents ask the doctor to explain the
diagnosis, she says that the baby’s acetabulum hasn’t formed properly. The parents still do not
understand what is wrong with their baby. Which of the following statements would best help the
parents?
A) The acetabulum is formed from three bones that join together to make the hip bone.
B) The acetabulum and the head, or ball, of the thigh bone (femur) form the hip joint.
C) The baby’s hip joint hasn’t formed properly.
D) An abnormality in the hip joint may prevent the baby from crawling or walking normally.
E) The doctor should tell the parents each of the above statements in the order given.
Answer: E
Reference: Page 240, Pelvic (Hip) Girdle
Level of Difficulty: Hard
32) Seatbelts save thousands of lives every year. Sometimes the force required to keep a person
inside a vehicle is so great that the coxal bones fracture. If a seatbelt is worn properly, which part
of a coxal bone is most likely to be fractured?
A) the ischial tuberosity
B) the pubic symphysis
C) the ischiopubic ramus
D) the iliac crest
E) the sacral promontory
Answer: C
Reference: Page 240, Pelvic (Hip) Girdle
Level of Difficulty: Hard
33) Which of the following is true?
A) The bony pelvis is divided into true and false pelves by an interosseous membrane.
B) The false pelvis lies inferior to the pelvic brim.
C) The true pelvis contains pelvic organs only when the urinary bladder is full.
D) The pregnant uterus extends into the false pelvis.
E) The pelvic axis is an imaginary line from right to left across the false pelvis.
Answer: D
Reference: Page 240, Pelvic (Hip) Girdle
Level of Difficulty: Medium
34) In which of the following cases would pelvimetry probably be most helpful in determining
whether or not a woman should have a Ceasarian section?
A) a very tall, robust woman carrying the child of an average size and build man
B) an average size and build woman carrying the child of an average size and build man
C) a petite, light-framed woman carrying the child of a very tall, robust man
D) an average size and build woman carrying the child of a petite man
E) a very tall, robust woman carrying the child of tall, robust man
Answer: C
Reference: Page 240, Pelvic (Hip) Girdle
Level of Difficulty: Hard
35) Which of the following is true?
A) The differences between male and female pelves are related to pregnancy and child birth.
B) A woman’s pelvis is usually shallower and broader than a man’s.
C) A woman’s true pelvis has a smaller volume than a man’s because it is shallower.
D) A and B are correct.
E) A, B and C are correct.
Answer: D
Reference: Page 245, Comparison of Male and Female Pelves
Level of Difficulty: Medium
36) In a male pelvis,
A) the obturator foramen is triangular.
B) the pubic arch measures less than 90 degrees.
C) the pelvic inlet is oval.
D) the pelvic outlet is wide.
E) the pubis is narrow and thin.
Answer: B
Reference: Page 245, Comparison of Male and Female Pelves
Level of Difficulty: Medium
37) With one exception, bones of the lower extremity follow the pattern of bones in the upper
extremity. Which bone is the exception?
A) femur
B) fibula
C) tibia
D) tarsals
E) patella
Answer: E
Reference: Page 245, Lower Limb (Extremity)
Level of Difficulty: Medium
38) The longest, strongest and heaviest bone of the human body is the
A) femur
B) fibula
C) tibia
D) calcaneus
E) metatarsal
Answer: A
Reference: Page 245, Lower Limb (Extremity)
Level of Difficulty: Easy
39) All of the following are true of the femur EXCEPT that:
A) its proximal end articulates with the acetabulum of the coxal bone.
B) its greater trochanter serves as a landmark for intramuscular injections on the thigh.
C) its intercondylar fossa articulates with the tibia.
D) its distal end articulates directly with the fibula.
E) its patellar surface is located on the anterior side of the distal end.
Answer: D
Reference: Page 245, Lower Limb (Extremity)
Level of Difficulty: Medium
40) The patella
A) is a long bone.
B) develops in the tibiofemoral ligament.
C) is also called the kneecap.
D) is located on the posterior surface of the knee.
E) limits the power of the quadriceps femoris muscle.
Answer: C
Reference: Page 245, Lower Limb (Extremity)
Level of Difficulty: Easy
41) The tibia
A) is the lateral bone of the leg.
B) transfers the weight of the body to the talus.
C) articulates proximally with the fibula and calcaneus.
D) has a large tuberosity on the distal end of its posterior side.
E) is also called the thigh bone.
Answer: B
Reference: Page 245, Lower Limb (Extremity)
Level of Difficulty: Medium
42) The fibula
A) articulates with the talus.
B) articulates with the femur.
C) is the medial bone of the leg.
D) helps the tibia bear the weight of the body.
E) is seldom used as a source of bone grafts.
Answer: A
Reference: Page 245, Lower Limb (Extremity)
Level of Difficulty: Medium
43) Which of the following is NOT a tarsal bone?
A) calcaneus
B) talus
C) navicular
D) cuboid
E) capitate
Answer: E
Reference: Page 245, Lower Limb (Extremity)
Level of Difficulty: Medium
44) The calcaneus
A) is the strongest tarsal bone.
B) is the heel bone.
C) receives weight transferred by the fibula.
D) A and B are correct.
E) A, B and C are correct.
Answer: D
Reference: Page 245, Lower Limb (Extremity)
Level of Difficulty: Medium
45) The metatarsals
A) are numbered I-V, starting on the lateral side of the foot.
B) the bones of the foot.
C) found in three rows: proximal, middle and distal.
D) distal to the phalanges.
E) are very strong and seldom broken.
Answer: B
Reference: Page 245, Lower Limb (Extremity)
Level of Difficulty: Easy
46) The hallux
A) is the big toe.
B) has a distal and a proximal phalanx.
C) is analogous to the thumb.
D) A and B are correct.
E) A, B and C are correct.
Answer: E
Reference: Page 245, Lower Limb (Extremity)
Level of Difficulty: Medium
47) The arches of the foot
A) are arrangements of bones in the foot held together by ligaments and tendons.
B) are rigid and increase mechanical shock transferred to the body.
C) are present at birth.
D) run parallel to each other.
E) run obliquely from the hallux toward the lateral malleolus.
Answer: A
Reference: Page 245, Lower Limb (Extremity)
Level of Difficulty: Medium
48) Which of the following are true of the development of the skeleton?
A) The skull begins development during the first week after conception.
B) The majority of the skull develops via endochondral ossification.
C) The bones of the extremities develop from ectoderm.
D) The bones of the extremities develop primarily via intramembranous ossification.
E) The vertebrae develop from cube-like masses of mesoderm call somites.
Answer: E
Reference: Page 251, Development of the Skeletal System
Level of Difficulty: Medium
49) Hip fractures
A) usually occur at the junction of the ischium and pubis.
B) often result from osteoporosis.
C) are more common in young adults.
D) usually heal without treatment.
E) All of the above are correct.
Answer: B
Reference: Page 255, Disorders: Homeostatic Imbalances
Level of Difficulty: Medium
50) Genu valgum
A) is also called knock-knee.
B) is a condition in which the knees are abnormally far apart.
C) is a condition in which the ankles are abnormally close together.
D) A and B are correct.
E) A, B and C are correct.
Answer: A
Reference: Page 255, Medical Terminology
Level of Difficulty: Medium