Download Ch 21 Questions and VocabEXEMPLAR answers

Name: ____________________________________ Class: _________________Date: _________________________
Chapter 21: The Furnace of the Civil War
Questions and Vocabulary
1. Why did Lincoln and most Union supporters begin the Civil War?
They hoped to preserve the Union.
2. How did Lincoln’s decision to issue the Emancipation Proclamation reframe the purpose of the war and prevent
the Confederacy from gaining full diplomatic support from European powers?
By moving the focus away from preserving the Union and toward the moral issue of slavery, it limited the amount
of support that the Confederacy could get from Europe. Most European powers had already abolished slavery and
knew their people would not support the slave states of the Confederacy.
3. How did many African Americans undermine the Confederacy?
Many took advantage of the Emancipation Proclamation and ran for the Union lines as they approached,
increasing the size of the Union opposition. Some stayed on in the south and acted as spies.
4. How did Lincoln seek to reunify the country?
Lincoln used his words in speeches and letters in an attempt to reunify the country.
5. How did Confederate leadership show initiative and daring early in the Civil War?
Blockade running was successful early on in the war because it took some time for the Union to fully man the
seaboard. Using British built ships, the Confederate navy made a killing by raiding Union ships in the Atlantic.
Brilliant leadership by Lee and Jackson allowed for victories early on. The Confederate troops used guerilla tactics
and the rebel yell to intimidate and harry the Union forces.
6. How did the Union ultimately succeed?
The Union ultimately had more men and resources to throw into the war.
7. Explain the Thirteenth Amendment.
This amendment abolished slavery.
8. Explain the significances of the following battles: First Battle of Bull Run (Manassas), Antietam, Gettysburg,
Vicksburg, and Shiloh.
First Battle of Bull Run – Confederate victory because the raw Union troops fled; it sobered the Union
expectations, and inflated the Confederate’s over confidence.
Antietam – Union victory because the battle plans were discovered and thwarted.
Gettysburg – Union victory after the failure of Pickett’s Charge.
Vicksburg – Union victory under Grant
Shiloh – Confederate victory and bloody battle demonstrated that the war would not be quickly won in the west.
Vocabulary:
Emancipation Proclamation The Emancipation Proclamation was a presidential proclamation and executive
order issued by President Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863 which freed slaves in states still in open rebellion
against the Union.
Sherman’s March From November 15 until December 21, 1864, Union General William T. Sherman led some
60,000 soldiers on a 285-mile march from Atlanta to Savannah, Georgia. The purpose of this “March to the
Sea” was to frighten Georgia's civilian population into abandoning the Confederate cause.
Copperheads comprised a vocal faction of Democrats in the Northern United States of the Union who opposed
the American Civil War, wanting an immediate peace settlement with the Confederates.
Wilderness Campaign fought May 5–7, 1864, was the first battle of Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant's 1864 Virginia Overland
Campaign against Gen. Robert E. Lee and the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia in the American Civil War
Appomattox Courthouse the site of the surrender of Robert E Lee to Ulysses S Grant, ending the Civil War
Thomas Jackson a Confederate general during the American Civil War, and the best-known Confederate commander after
General Robert E. Lee.
George McClellan an American soldier, civil engineer, railroad executive, and politician.
Robert E. Lee an American general known for commanding the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia in the American
Civil War from 1862 until his surrender in 1865.
Ulysses S. Grant Commanding General of the United States Army, Grant worked closely with President Abraham Lincoln
to lead the Union Army to victory over the Confederacy in the American Civil Wa
John Wilkes Booth an American stage actor who assassinated President Abraham Lincoln