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SOL.2-Renaissance Student Handouts The Origins of the Renaissance The Renaissance began around 1300 A.D. and lasted until around 1600 A.D. o It was a time of cultural awakening for Europe Renaissance: “Rebirth”. Gateway to modern times. Transition period from Medieval to Modern Worlds. o Renaissance writers felt that the Middle Ages had nothing to contribute to society. The Renaissance was also a time of reforming education. People began to develop new ideas about self and the world around them. Origins were in the northern Italian city-states o Because Italy was not united, individuals could pursue their ideas with more freedom. 5 City-States of Italy: Milan, Florence, Venice, Papal States (Rome), and Naples Italy was culturally and economically more prepared for the Renaissance because : 1) no central authority/ individual freedoms 2) center of international trade Humanism: Italy was a good place for Humanists to study because: 1) Believed in the revival of classic Greek and Latin literature. 2) Connected with the Byzantine Empire through trade. They preserved learning of the Ancient Greeks. Humanists believed learning about the “classics” was the key to reforming society (Society was in need of reform because of the “Dark Ages”. Early Humanists were orators, poets, and writers. o They studied original manuscripts….similar to studying primary sources today. Humanists thought that Greek and Roman ideals would help people seek daily fulfillment. This was opposed to the Middle Ages where people expected little comfort in this life. 1 SOL.2-Renaissance Student Handouts Education in the Renaissance Humanists believed the individual had self-dignity and worth to society. o Consequently, they strongly supported education for everyone. 3 Aspects of Renaissance Education: 1) People should lead a meaningful life. Studying the “classics” could make it meaningful 2) Instead of working for the next life, work for this one. 3) Individual should push ones self mentally and physically. The independent mindset that developed during the Renaissance manifested itself in all areas of life. New Social Orders of the Renaissance Italy developed a new social class based on wealth and ability (not birth) Merchants and bankers were the most powerful people in Italy during this period. Why? Trade. Merchants and Bankers gained wealth through trade and used their money to fund the spread of new ideas. Consequently, these wealthy people supported Writers, Artists, and Scientists Why were independent merchants able to have so much influence in Italy during this time? They worked outside of the church’s influence. (city-state structure allowed them to do so) Key Italian City-States Florence Florence was ruled by the Medici Family o They were incredibly wealthy and sponsored artists, philosophers, and writers. Rome- By 1500 A.D. replaced Florence as the leading Renaissance city. Various Popes rebuilt churches in the city of Rome. St Peter’s Basilica and the Sistine Chapel. Venice- Wealthiest state. Funded the advancement of new ideas. 2