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ISLAM
ISLAM

1.2 billion Muslims today

7th century

Monotheistic

2nd largest religion in the world

Sunni & Shiite

Arabic
ALLAH
Allah

Arabic word for God
MUHAMMAD

Last prophet of God

Unified Arabia under Islam
 Muhammad
 Born in Mecca-market town ~570 AD
 Pilgrimage site, Kaaba, Pagan temple
 Shepard, at 25 he married Khadijah (wealthy caravan business
owner)
 At 40, while meditating he heard the voice of
Gabriel, an angel
 He was being called to be the messenger of God
 Islam- Arabic for “to submit to God”
 Monotheistic- One true God, Allah
 622 Muhammad was threatened with murder so he & his followers left Mecca
and went to Medina.(journey known as hijra)
622 = First year of
Muslim calendar
 Arabs in Medina converted to Islam, called Muslims, followers of Islam
 Muhammad returned to Mecca in 630 and destroyed all Arab idols in the
Kaaba, temple that he believed Abraham built to worship the one true God.
 Kaaba is the holiest place in
Islam
 Monotheistic-belief in one God
 Prophets-Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and Mohammed was the last and greatest
 Quran-sacred text
 Arabic-shared language unites Muslims around the world
 Teaches God’s will and is a guide to life
 Emphasize honesty, generosity, and social justice
 Harsh penalties for stealing or murder
 Judgment Day: Eternal punishment in hell or eternal bliss in paradise
TEACHINGS OF ISLAM
5 PILLARS
307
1. Shahadah - profession of faith
2. Salah - ritual prayer
3. Zakah - alms tax
4. Sawm fasting during Ramadan
5. Hajj - pilgrimage to Mecca
●
Muslim duties
 Declaration of faith
 “There is no god but God, Muhammad is the messenger of God”
 Pray five times a day
 Ritual washing, face toward the city of Mecca
 Pray at home or in mosque, house of worship
 Give to charity or to the poor
 Fast during Ramadan
 Sunrise to sunset during the month when Muhammad received his revelations
 Hajj
 Pilgrimage to Mecca if a person is physically and financially able
THE FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM
 Jihad
 Struggle in God’s service
 Personal duty for Muslims
 Holy war to defend Islam and the Muslim community
 “People of the Book”
 Jews and Christians- All three worship the same God
ISLAMIC WAY OF LIFE
●
Islamic law governs daily life
●
Traditions determine behaviors & relations
Hijab
Sharia: Body of law
Interpretation of Quran
Applies religion to legal
codes
 Women
 Arab women could not inherit property, had to obey male guardians,
some unwanted daughters were killed at birth
 Muslim women
 Quran prohibited killing of daughters, granted women inheritance, they
were able to reject a marriage offer
 Women should dress modestly
 Not completely equal to men
 Less inheritance, harder to get a divorce