Download The Six Kingdoms of Classification

The Six Kingdoms of
Classification
Classification: The process of putting
similar things into groups.
Taxonomy: Is the science of
classifying organisms.
History of Classification
•4000 B.C. Philosopher
•Aristotle (Greek)-Created first written classification
scheme
•TWO Groups - Plants & Animals
1. Animal group - anything that lived on land, in
the water or in the air.
2. Plant group - based this on their different
stems
•1500's - 1700's
•Many different classification systems created
•Many of them really complicated
•Names based on common names - This created
confusion
•Names also based on long scientific definitions
History of Classification Contiued
•1700's - Carols Linnaeus - Swedish Biologist
•established a simple system for classifying
and naming organisms
•Based on structural similarities of organism
•Binomial Nomenclature - 2 name naming
system - still in use today.
•Created a system of groups called TAXA or
TAXON
•Each Taxon is a category into which related
organisms are placed
•Approximantly 2.5 million kinds of
organisms identified
Levels of Classification
•Kingdoms
•Phyla (Phylum-singular)
•Classes
•Orders
•Families
•Genus
•Species
(King Philip Came Over For Good
Spaghetti)
•Scientific Names-always the same for a specific
organism, no matter how many common names it has.
Ex) Tyrannosaurus rex
•Dichotomous Keys- help to identify organisms.
•Have pairs of descriptive statements
•Two alternative responses
•Person chooses appropriate statement
•Then, directed to another pair of statements.
•You can eventually identify organism
Kingdom Archaebacteria
• Contains single-celled prokaryotic organisms.
• This kingdom includes the methangogens, or
methane producing bacteria, which must live in an
oxygen free environment.
• Includes salt-loving bacteria, or halophiles.
• Psychrophiles live in extremely cold temperatures
and thermopiles live in extremely hot temperatures.
Archaebacteria
cont.
• Acidophilus prefer acidic conditions. These bacteria
are the most ancient forms of life on Earth and have
existed for over 3 billion years.
• The prefix archae means “ancient.”
• Archaebacteria live in very extreme environments
such as at the bottom of the ocean near the thermal
vents, the Great Salt Lake, or in hot springs.
Kingdom Erbacteria
Found almost anywhere.
Single-celled prokaryotes.
Some are disease causing parasites.
Some can photosynthesize to create their own food.
Bacteria are one of the most important
decomposers.
• Some help make food – yogurt & cheese.
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Eubacteria cont.
• Nitrogen-fixing bacteria change the nitrogen in the
air into a form that plants can use.
• Some bacteria help clean oil-spills.
• Some are mobile.
• Classified and named according to shape:
• Bacillus – rod shaped bacteria
• Coccus – spherical shaped
• Spirillum – spiral-shaped.
Kingdom Protista
Eukaryotic
Most are unicellular, some multi-cellular.
Protista are both heterotrophic and autotrophic.
Heterotrophic- eat other organisms or decaying
matter to obtain energy.
• Autotrophic – make their own food by
photosynthesis.
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Protista Cont.
• Three Groups
– Animal like: unicellular, heterotrophic and mobile –
these are called protozoan and use cilia, flagella or
psuedopods to move. Ex. Amoeba and paramecium
– Plant-like: ability to make their own food by
photosynthesis. Ex. Euglena and algae.
– Fungus-like: decomposers. Ex. Slime molds and
downy mildew
Kingdom Fungi
• All eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms.
• Most are decomposers, but some are parasitic,
such as Athlete’s Foot.
• Fungi can be unicellular(ex. Yeast) or multicellular.
• Can not move on their own.
• Fungi digest their food outside their bodies then
absorb it.
Fungi Cont.
• Classified according to structure and method of
reproduction.
• Some can be eaten as food, others are poisonous.
• Fungi include: black bread mold, baker’s yeast,
mushrooms, truffles, and penicillium, the fungus
that makes penicillin.
Kingdom Plantae
• All are autotrophic, eukaryotes, multi-cellular and
non-mobile.
• Contain chloroplasts and have cell walls that
contain cellulose.
• Need sunlight, water carbon dioxide and minerals to
survive.
• Divided into four groups based on three features:
water conduction tissues, seeds and flowers.
Plantae Cont.
• Bryophytes – nonvascular plants. ex. – mosses,
liverworts and hornworts.
• Seedless vascular plants – ex. Club mosses and ferns.
• Seed Plants (divided into two groups)
– Gymnosperms (naked seeds) ex. Ginkgoes and conifers.
– Angiosperms (enclosed seeds) – 2 types:
• Monocots – ex. Corn, wheat and lilies
• Dicots – ex. Roses, tomatoes and oaks
Kingdom Animalia
• All are multi-cellular, made up of eukaryotic cells
and are heterotrophs.
• Two groups:
– Invertebrates – without a backbone. These make up
95% of animal species.
- Vertebrates – with a backbone. These make up the
remaining 5% of all animal species.