Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download PowerPoint
Document related concepts
History of Earth wikipedia , lookup
History of geology wikipedia , lookup
Geomorphology wikipedia , lookup
Age of the Earth wikipedia , lookup
Large igneous province wikipedia , lookup
Geology of Great Britain wikipedia , lookup
Sedimentary rock wikipedia , lookup
Algoman orogeny wikipedia , lookup
Clastic rock wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
IGNEOUS ______________ rock ______________: magma forced out by volcanic eruption ________________ : the breaking down of rocks on the Earth’s surface _________________: the small pieces are moved from one place to another ___________: magma cools & crystalizes inside the Earth _________________: the small pieces, or Sediments are deposited, or laid down, in new places _____________________: sediment is squeezed together ____________________: sediment begins to stick together _____________________ (rocks become magma) _____________________ rock _______________ & pressure _____________________ rock IGNEOUS ______________ rock ______________: magma forced out by volcanic eruption weathering : the breaking down ________________ of rocks on the Earth’s surface _________________: the small pieces are moved from one place to another ___________: magma cools & crystalizes inside the Earth _________________: the small pieces, or Sediments are deposited, or laid down, in new places _____________________: sediment is squeezed together ____________________: sediment begins to stick together _____________________ (rocks become magma) _____________________ rock _______________ & pressure _____________________ rock Weathering: the breaking down of rocks on the Earth’s surface by… • Wind abrasion Wind easily picks up and moves sand particles. The sharp edges of the sand particles scrape off small pieces of exposed rocks. • Water abrasion Running water carries along loose rocks and other particles. The moving rocks and particles collide, scrape against one another, and eventually break • Changes in temperature Rocks expand when heated, contract when cooled. The repeated changes in temp. cause particles of the surface of the rock to crack or flake off. Water may seep into a small crack in the rock. The water freezing/ contracting, and heating/expanding causes the rock to break into pieces (potholes in roads) • Chemicals Some rocks dissolve in water (H20), Acid rain water mixing with gases/chemicals in atmosphere, often wears away &/or speeds up the decomposition of rocks • Organic activity Roots of plants loosen/ crack rock material Crayon shavings represent sediment caused from weathering & erosion IGNEOUS ______________ rock ______________: magma forced out by volcanic eruption weathering : the breaking down ________________ of rocks on the Earth’s surface erosion _________________: the small pieces are moved from one place to another ___________: magma cools & crystalizes inside the Earth _________________: the small pieces, or Sediments are deposited, or laid down, in new places _____________________: sediment is squeezed together ____________________: sediment begins to stick together _____________________ (rocks become magma) _____________________ rock _______________ & pressure _____________________ rock Erosion: the small pieces of weathered rock & soil are moved from one place to another by… • wind • gravity • water • glaciers IGNEOUS ______________ rock ______________: magma forced out by volcanic eruption weathering : the breaking down ________________ of rocks on the Earth’s surface erosion _________________: the small pieces are moved from one place to another ___________: magma cools & crystalizes inside the Earth deposition the small pieces, or _________________: Sediments are deposited, or laid down, in new places _____________________: sediment is squeezed together ____________________: sediment begins to stick together _____________________ (rocks become magma) _____________________ rock _______________ & pressure _____________________ rock Deposition: the small pieces, or sediments, are deposited, or laid down, in new places IGNEOUS ______________ rock ______________: magma forced out by volcanic eruption weathering : the breaking down ________________ of rocks on the Earth’s surface erosion _________________: the small pieces are moved from one place to another ___________: magma cools & crystalizes inside the Earth deposition the small pieces, or _________________: Sediments are deposited, or laid down, in new places compaction sediment is _____________________: squeezed together ____________________: sediment begins to stick together _____________________ (rocks become magma) _____________________ rock _______________ & pressure _____________________ rock Compaction: the particles of sediment are squeezed together IGNEOUS ______________ rock ______________: magma forced out by volcanic eruption weathering : the breaking down ________________ of rocks on the Earth’s surface erosion _________________: the small pieces are moved from one place to another ___________: magma cools & crystalizes inside the Earth deposition the small pieces, or _________________: Sediments are deposited, or laid down, in new places compaction sediment is _____________________: squeezed together cementation sediment begins ____________________: to stick together _____________________ (rocks become magma) _____________________ rock _______________ & pressure _____________________ rock Cementation: the particles of sediment begin to stick together deposition compaction cementation IGNEOUS ______________ rock ______________: magma forced out by volcanic eruption weathering : the breaking down ________________ of rocks on the Earth’s surface erosion _________________: the small pieces are moved from one place to another ___________: magma cools & crystalizes inside the Earth deposition the small pieces, or _________________: Sediments are deposited, or laid down, in new places compaction sediment is _____________________: squeezed together cementation sediment begins ____________________: to stick together _____________________ (rocks become magma) _____________________ rock _______________ SEDIMENTARY _____________________ & pressure rock Compacted and cemented to form sedimentary rock Sedimentary Rock IGNEOUS ______________ rock ______________: magma forced out by volcanic eruption weathering : the breaking down ________________ of rocks on the Earth’s surface erosion _________________: the small pieces are moved from one place to another ___________: magma cools & crystalizes inside the Earth deposition the small pieces, or _________________: Sediments are deposited, or laid down, in new places compaction sediment is _____________________: squeezed together cementation sediment begins ____________________: to stick together _____________________ (rocks become magma) _____________________ rock heat _______________ SEDIMENTARY _____________________ & pressure rock Heat & Pressure Deep within the Earth's crust rocks can be put under huge pressures and temperatures are very high. These conditions can cause the minerals in the rock to change. This process is called metamorphism. (crayons are again wrapped in aluminum foil, dunked into hot water for a few moments, then squished again) IGNEOUS ______________ rock ______________: magma forced out by volcanic eruption weathering : the breaking down ________________ of rocks on the Earth’s surface erosion _________________: the small pieces are moved from one place to another ___________: magma cools & crystalizes inside the Earth deposition the small pieces, or _________________: Sediments are deposited, or laid down, in new places compaction sediment is _____________________: squeezed together cementation sediment begins ____________________: to stick together _____________________ (rocks become magma) METAMORPHIC _____________________ heat _______________ SEDIMENTARY _____________________ rock & pressure rock Metamorphic Rock IGNEOUS ______________ rock ______________: magma forced out by volcanic eruption weathering : the breaking down ________________ of rocks on the Earth’s surface erosion _________________: the small pieces are moved from one place to another ___________: magma cools & crystalizes inside the Earth deposition the small pieces, or _________________: Sediments are deposited, or laid down, in new places compaction sediment is _____________________: squeezed together melting cementation sediment begins ____________________: to stick together _____________________ (rocks become magma) METAMORPHIC _____________________ heat _______________ SEDIMENTARY _____________________ rock & pressure rock Melting: Rocks melt & become magma It can get quite hot deep in the Earth's crust. In fact, it can get so hot that the rocks that make up the crust can actually begin to melt. This molten material is called magma. It is less dense than the surrounding rock so it tends to move upwards through the crust. Now, there are 2 possibilities… IGNEOUS ______________ rock extrusion ______________: magma forced out by volcanic eruption weathering : the breaking down ________________ of rocks on the Earth’s surface erosion _________________: the small pieces are moved from one place to another ___________: magma cools & crystalizes inside the Earth deposition the small pieces, or _________________: Sediments are deposited, or laid down, in new places compaction sediment is _____________________: squeezed together melting cementation sediment begins ____________________: to stick together _____________________ (rocks become magma) METAMORPHIC _____________________ heat _______________ SEDIMENTARY _____________________ rock & pressure rock Extrusion: the magma is forced Out in a volcanic eruption Igneous Rocks The rocks that form from extruded magma are called extrusive igneous rocks. Basalt and pumice are extrusive igneous rocks. 1. Are very fine grained - magma cools very quickly when it erupts onto the Earth's surface and the crystals in the rock don't have much time to grow. 2. May contain gas bubbles. IGNEOUS ______________ rock extrusion ______________: magma forced out by volcanic eruption weathering : the breaking down ________________ of rocks on the Earth’s surface erosion _________________: the small pieces are moved from one place to another intrusion ___________: magma cools & crystalizes inside the Earth deposition the small pieces, or _________________: Sediments are deposited, or laid down, in new places compaction sediment is _____________________: squeezed together melting cementation sediment begins ____________________: to stick together _____________________ (rocks become magma) METAMORPHIC _____________________ heat _______________ SEDIMENTARY _____________________ rock & pressure rock Intrusion : Magma cools and crystalizes inside the Earth Molten rock can sometimes form huge reservoirs called magma chambers within the Earth's crust. Left undisturbed over many hundreds of thousands of years this magma will cool and crystallise Igneous Rock 1. Are large grained - magma cools very slowly beneath the Earth's surface so the crystals in the rock have a long time to grow.2. Are made up of angular interlocking crystals. IGNEOUS ______________ rock extrusion ______________: magma forced out by volcanic eruption weathering : the breaking down ________________ of rocks on the Earth’s surface erosion _________________: the small pieces are moved from one place to another intrusion ___________: magma cools & crystalizes inside the Earth deposition the small pieces, or _________________: Sediments are deposited, or laid down, in new places compaction sediment is _____________________: squeezed together melting cementation sediment begins ____________________: to stick together _____________________ (rocks become magma) METAMORPHIC _____________________ heat _______________ SEDIMENTARY _____________________ rock & pressure rock ______________ rock ______________: magma forced out by volcanic eruption ________________ : the breaking down of rocks on the Earth’s surface _________________: the small pieces are moved from one place to another ___________: magma cools & crystalizes inside the Earth _________________: the small pieces, or Sediments are deposited, or laid down, in new places _____________________: sediment is squeezed together ____________________: sediment begins to stick together _____________________ (rocks become magma) _____________________ rock _______________ & pressure _____________________ rock
