Download Genetics of blood groups: AB0, Rh, MNSs. Codominance. Multiple

Medical biology
Teachers:
dr n. med. Celestyna Mila-Kierzenkowska
dr n. med. Anna Bajek
Contact: Anna Bajek [email protected]
Celestyna Mila-Kierzonkowska [email protected]
Syllabus
I.
Department of Medical Biology
II.
Head of the Department: prof. dr hab. Gerard Drewa
III.
Faculty of Medicine, first year
IV.
Programme Tutor: dr hab. Rafał Czajkowski
V.
Lectures and tutorials
VI.
Examination, 7 ECTS points
VII.
Subject Hours: lectures 20h, exercises 55, total 75h, 7 ECTS points
VIII.
Aims of the Subject:
“Medical Biology” programme is realized in the first semester. The course is divided into 5 basic
parts: general and molecular genetics, human genetics and cytogenetics, biology of human parasites,
pathogenesis of parasitic diseases and diagnostic methods in parasitology.
The main aim of the „Medical Biology” course is to make the students ready to learn clinical subjects
as well as to prophylaxis, diagnostics and therapeutics.
IX.
The course contents:
1. GENERAL AND MOLECULAR GENETICS
Genealogy of modern genetics. Chemical composition and structure of nucleic acids. Types and
functions of DNA and RNA. Replication. The genetic code. Transcription and translation. The effect of
drugs on the replication, transcription and translation. Some of diseases caused by disorders in
metabolism of purine and pyrimidine bases. The regulation of genes expression. Chromosomes
structure. Modification and recombination variability. Gene and chromosome mutations. Mutagenic
and carcinogenic factors and mechanisms of their actions. Role of oncogenes and oncogenic viruses
in carcinogenesis. Role of mutations in human evolution. Mechanisms of DNA repair. Environmental
influence on human genome. Civilization and genetic disorders. Genetic basis of oncogenesis.
Genetic predispositions for cancer disease. Behavioral genetics. Genetic elements in some addictions
and psychical disorders. Immunogenetics. The cells of immune system. Inherited immunodeficiency.
Mendelian laws. Genes cooperation. Complementation. Variable expressivity and penetrance. Sex
determination in humans and Drosophila melanogaster. Gene linkage. Crossing-over. Chromosome
mapping. The elements of genetic engineering. Cloning. Methods of PCR and RFLP. Transgenic
organisms.
2. HUMAN GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS.
Genetics of blood groups: AB0, Rh, MNSs. Codominance. Multiple allelism. Antigenes of
major histocompatibility complex. Monogenic and multifactorial inheritance modes.
Heritability. Population genetics. Mendelian population and Hardy-Weinberg law. Genetic
basis of genders evolution. Human karyotype. Methods of karyotype analysis. Rules of
karyotypes writing. A pedigree analysis. Lymphocyte culture. Examples of structural and
numeric aberrations of autosomes and heterochromosomes in humans. Causes of chromosome
aberrations.
3. BIOLOGY OF HUMAN PARASITES.
Parasitism as an ecological phenomenon. Evolution of parasite-host system. Origin of complex life
cycles of parasites. Medical significance of human parasites. Life cycles of certain protozoa,
platyhelmints, nematodes and arthropoda. Methods of parasites differentiation.
4. PATHOGENESIS OF PARASITIC DISEASES.
Parasites invasion and invasion diseases. Diagnosis and differentiation of parasitic diseases. Etiology,
pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of invasion diseases. Epidemiology and control of parasitic
diseases. Therapy of parasitic diseases. Allergenic and toxic significance of parasites. Parasites
antigens. Immunopathology of parasitic diseases.
5. DIAGNOSTIC METHODS IN PARASITOLOGY.
Taking and collection of material for parasitological examinations. Stool examinations. Direct
methods (preparations in physiologic saline, in iodine solution, thin smear, permanent stained
preparations). Condensation methods (flotation and sedimentation methods). Blood
examination. Thick and thin blood films. Examinations of cerebrospinal fluid, sputum, bile,
duodenal content, urine and secretion of urogenital system. Using material from puncture and
biopsy for diagnosis of parasitic diseases. Immunological methods (serological, agglutination,
immunofluorescent, precipitation and skin tests).
X.
Bibliography:
1) Study Guide. To Accompany Practical Medical Parasitology and to Inquire into Biology of
Human Parasites. 4th Edition. Kasprzak W., Majewska A.C., Dział Wydawnictw Uczelnianych
AM Poznan, 2000.
2) Guide to Medical Parasitology. (New compendium for medical students). Chomicz L., Medical
University of Warsaw, 2006.
3) Essential Medical Genetics. Connor M., Ferguson-Smith M. A., Blackwell Science Ltd, latest
edition.
4) Genetics. Friedman J.M., Dill F.J., Hayden M.R., McGillivray B.C., Williams & Wilkins, latest
edition.
Rules and regulations
A. Name of didactic unit – The Chair of Medical Biology
B. Name of didactic head - dr hab. Alina Woźniak
C. Course title - Medical Biology
I. Form and criteria of the course completion – obligatory presence during all classes and tests,
passing practical exam, passing written mid-term and end-term tests, passing final exam
II. Form and criteria of classes credit: an active participation during seminars and practical classes
and an individual work during self-education
III. Form and criteria of passing tests: two written tests are planned during semester, after 6th and
14th week (question are based on the seminars and lectures as well as given literature)
IV. Form of final exam: multiple-choice question test
V. Criteria for working out of missed classes: no unexcused absence is allowed, two excused absence
must be executed at the teaching assistant of the student group, students who have more then two
absences during seminars will have no chance to complete the course
VI. Deadlines for obligatory projects: essays being the effect of self-education are presented by
students during seminars
VII. General and particular HASAWA regulations required during didactic process.
General students duties in the HASAWA area:
All students should know the safety principles during classes and obey it. Student is obliged to:
1.Work during classes according to the HASAWA principles and rules and obey the instructions and
indications given by teaching assistant (washing hands before and after microscoping).
2. Take care after installation, tools and equipment as well as order in the place of work.
3. Use an own protective uniform.
4. Immediately inform persons who lead the classes about the accident and the danger to health and
life.