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Chapter 2, Section 2 – Egypt’s Old Kingdom Locating Places Giza Located on the west bank of the Nile, about 10 miles from the modern-day city of Cairo, it is where the Great Pyramid of King Khufu is located. Meeting People King Khufu 2nd pharaoh of the 4th dynasty; believed to have been a very cruel, ruthless king. Content Vocabulary pharaohs Pharaoh was believed to be the son of the god Re. All-powerful Egyptian kings who guided Egypt’s every activity. The Pharaoh’s word was law and had to be obeyed without question. The word originally meant “great house.” deity A term used to refer to a god or goddess embalming A process developed by the Egyptians to protect the pharaoh’s body: Removing the body’s organs Filling the body with a special salt called natron, and covering it, as well, for 40 days to dry out. Filling it with spices and perfumes, then stitching it closed. Cleaning it with oils Wrapping it with long strips of linen Placing it inside several nesting wooden coffins In some cases, placing it in a sarcophagus and then burying it in a tomb mummy A prepared body that has been wrapped in linen strips and is ready for burial. pyramid Mountain-like structures made entirely of stone blocks; served as tombs for dead pharaohs. Academic Vocabulary period a number of years, in this case a period of time from about 2600-2300 B.C. welfare The state of doing well structure Something built or constructed principle As used in this chapter, it means basic laws or facts of nature