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Boundless Lecture Slides Available on the Boundless Teaching Platform Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Boundless Teaching Platform Boundless empowers educators to engage their students with affordable, customizable textbooks and intuitive teaching tools. The free Boundless Teaching Platform gives educators the ability to customize textbooks in more than 20 subjects that align to hundreds of popular titles. Get started by using high quality Boundless books, or make switching to our platform easier by building from Boundless content pre-organized to match the assigned textbook. This platform gives educators the tools they need to assign readings and assessments, monitor student activity, and lead their classes with pre-made teaching resources. Using Boundless Presentations The Appendix The appendix is for you to use to add depth and breadth to your lectures. You can simply drag and drop slides from the appendix into the main presentation to make for a richer lecture experience. Get started now at: http://boundless.com/teaching-platform Free to edit, share, and copy Feel free to edit, share, and make as many copies of the Boundless presentations as you like. We encourage you to take these presentations and make them your own. If you have any questions or problems please email: [email protected] Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com About Boundless Boundless is an innovative technology company making education more affordable and accessible for students everywhere. The company creates the world’s best open educational content in 20+ subjects that align to more than 1,000 popular college textbooks. Boundless integrates learning technology into all its premium books to help students study more efficiently at a fraction of the cost of traditional textbooks. The company also empowers educators to engage their students more effectively through customizable books and intuitive teaching tools as part of the Boundless Teaching Platform. More than 2 million learners access Boundless free and premium content each month across the company’s wide distribution platforms, including its website, iOS apps, Kindle books, and iBooks. To get started learning or teaching with Boundless, visit boundless.com. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Religion The Nature of Religion Types of Religions The Functionalist Perspective The Conflict Perspective The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective Boundless.com/sociology?campaign_content=book_5889 _chapter_18&campaign_term=Sociology&utm_campaign= powerpoint&utm_medium=direct&utm_source=boundless Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Religion (continued) Religious Organizations Religion in the U.S. Major Religions in the U.S. Boundless.com/sociology?campaign_content=book_5889 _chapter_18&campaign_term=Sociology&utm_campaign= powerpoint&utm_medium=direct&utm_source=boundless Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Religion > The Nature of Religion The Nature of Religion • The Nature of Religion • The Elements of Religion Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/sociology?campaign_content=book_5889_chapter_18&campaign_term=Sociology&utm_campaign=powerpoint&utm_mediu m=direct&utm_source=boundless Religion > The Nature of Religion The Nature of Religion • The sociologist Emile Durkheim defined religion as a "unified system of beliefs and practices relative to sacred things. " By sacred things he meant things "set apart and forbidden — beliefs and practices which unite into one single moral community called a Church, all those who adhere to them". • The development of religion has taken different forms in different cultures. Some religions emphasize belief while others emphasize practice. Some religions focus on subjective experience of the religious individual while others consider activities of the religious community to be most important. • Social constructionism says that religion is a modern concept that suggests all spiritual practice and worship follows a model similar to the Abrahamic religions Sacred Buddhist Ritual in Nepal View on Boundless.com and thus religion, as a concept, has been applied inappropriately to non-Western cultures. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/alternative-to-sociology-a-down-to-earth-approach-11th-james-m-henslin-02050965499780205096541/religion-18/the-nature-of-religion-121/the-nature-of-religion-683- Religion > The Nature of Religion The Elements of Religion • Sacred refers to collective interests within different religious practices. Profane acts include individual concerns that are not part of religious rituals. • Emile Durkheim argues that religion is composed of the sacred elements of social life. However, many see this definition as too broad, since there are many collective interests that most do not consider religious. • Ritual is an everyday practice that resembles symbolic meaning in different religions. • Other social scientists view religion as any attempt to answer existential questions. Many also consider this too broad a definition. • A third social scientific perspective views religion as the collective beliefs and Religious Symbols View on Boundless.com rituals of a group relating to the supernatural. Though not without criticisms, this categorization most closely adheres to the traditional and popular view of what constitutes a religion. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/alternative-to-sociology-a-down-to-earth-approach-11th-james-m-henslin-02050965499780205096541/religion-18/the-nature-of-religion-121/the-elements-of-religion-684- Religion > Types of Religions Types of Religions • Magic and Supernaturalism • Animism • Theism and Monotheism • Abstract Ideals Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/sociology?campaign_content=book_5889_chapter_18&campaign_term=Sociology&utm_campaign=powerpoint&utm_mediu m=direct&utm_source=boundless Religion > Types of Religions Magic and Supernaturalism • Supernatural forces are not bound to laws of nature; they work outside of them. • Mana is a classic example of a supernatural force that imbues objects with powers of authority. • The term religion is reserved for an organized cult with a priesthood and dedicated sites of worship or sacrifice, while magic is prevalent in all societies, regardless of whether they have organized religion or more general systems of animism or shamanism. Woman floating above bed View on Boundless.com Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/alternative-to-sociology-a-down-to-earth-approach-11th-james-m-henslin-02050965499780205096541/religion-18/types-of-religions-122/magic-and-supernaturalism-685- Religion > Types of Religions Animism • Pantheism is the belief that everything shares the same spiritual essence— individuals do not have distinct spirits or souls. Animism puts more emphasis on the uniqueness of each individual soul. • In animist societies, ritual is considered essential to win the favor of the spirits that ward off other malevolent spirits and provide food, shelter, and fertility. • Shamans, also sometimes called medicine men or women, serve as mediums between the physical world and the world of spirits. Shinto Shrine View on Boundless.com Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/alternative-to-sociology-a-down-to-earth-approach-11th-james-m-henslin-02050965499780205096541/religion-18/types-of-religions-122/animism-686- Religion > Types of Religions Theism and Monotheism • Since theism is so common throughout human history, Emile Durkheim saw deities as an extension of human social life. • Monotheistic traditions conceive of God as omniscient, omnipotent, omnipresent and active in the governance and organization of the world and universe. Judaism, Christianity and Islam are monotheistic. • Deism holds that religious beliefs must be founded on human reason and observed features of the natural world, and that these sources reveal the existence of a supreme being as creator. • Polytheism is the belief that multiple gods exist. Hard polytheism recognizes multiple gods as being distinct and separate beings, while soft polytheism views Muslim woman in tradition attire View on Boundless.com multiple gods as being connected under the umbrella of a greater whole. • Panentheism is the belief that the universe is a part of a deity, but that the deity is greater than the universe. • Polytheism is the belief that multiple gods exist, but do not intervene with the universe. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/alternative-to-sociology-a-down-to-earth-approach-11th-james-m-henslin-02050965499780205096541/religion-18/types-of-religions-122/theism-and-monotheism-687- Religion > Types of Religions • Monolatrism refers to the belief that there may be more than one deity, but that only one is worthy of being worshiped. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/alternative-to-sociology-a-down-to-earth-approach-11th-james-m-henslin-02050965499780205096541/religion-18/types-of-religions-122/theism-and-monotheism-687- Religion > Types of Religions Abstract Ideals • Religion is a unified system of beliefs, rituals and practices typically involving a broader community of believers who share common definitions of the sacred and profane. • Sociologists use different categorizations to distinguish religions based on beliefs and rituals. • Abstract Ideals refers to religions that focus on sacred principles and thoughts which guide our lives and typically have no divine beings in charge of the world and universe. • "Simple supernaturalism" refers to religions that have no gods but focus on human and non-human supernatural forces which influence us. Amida Buddha, Phoenix Hall, Byodo-in, Kyoto View on Boundless.com • Animism also has no gods, but focuses on good or evil spirits inhabiting animals, rocks and/or people. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/alternative-to-sociology-a-down-to-earth-approach-11th-james-m-henslin-02050965499780205096541/religion-18/types-of-religions-122/abstract-ideals-688- Religion > The Functionalist Perspective The Functionalist Perspective • Functions of Religion • Religion and Social Support Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/sociology?campaign_content=book_5889_chapter_18&campaign_term=Sociology&utm_campaign=powerpoint&utm_mediu m=direct&utm_source=boundless Religion > The Functionalist Perspective Functions of Religion • The positivist tradition encourages the study of society using dispassionate and scientific methods. • Emile Durkheim argued that religion provides social cohesion and social control to maintain society in social solidarity. • Collective consciousness, which is the fusion of all of our individual consciousnesses, creates a reality of its own. • Critics of the functionalist approach point out that religion can be dysfunctional. For example, religion may incite violence by a fundamentalist religious group. Catholic Church Gathering for Mass View on Boundless.com Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/alternative-to-sociology-a-down-to-earth-approach-11th-james-m-henslin-02050965499780205096541/religion-18/the-functionalist-perspective-123/functions-of-religion-689- Religion > The Functionalist Perspective Religion and Social Support • Many studies suggest that religious people are happier and less stressed than their non-religious counterparts. • The Legatum Prosperity Index reflects the research that there is a positive link between religious engagement and well-being. • Religiosity has a salutary relationship with psychological adjustment, because it is related to less psychological distress, more life satisfaction, and better selfactualization. Tharlam Monastery of Tibetan Buddhism View on Boundless.com Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/alternative-to-sociology-a-down-to-earth-approach-11th-james-m-henslin-02050965499780205096541/religion-18/the-functionalist-perspective-123/religion-and-social-support-690- Religion > The Conflict Perspective The Conflict Perspective • Marx and the "Opiate of the Masses" • Religion and Social Control Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/sociology?campaign_content=book_5889_chapter_18&campaign_term=Sociology&utm_campaign=powerpoint&utm_mediu m=direct&utm_source=boundless Religion > The Conflict Perspective Marx and the "Opiate of the Masses" • One of the most frequently paraphrased statements of Karl Marx is, religion is the opium of the people. • Karl Marx argues that religion plays a significant role in maintaining the status quo by promising rewards in the after-life rather than in this life. • Social inequalities result from the differences inherent in class structures, such as the inequality between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie. Religion as opium of the people View on Boundless.com Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/alternative-to-sociology-a-down-to-earth-approach-11th-james-m-henslin-02050965499780205096541/religion-18/the-conflict-perspective-124/marx-and-the-opiate-of-the-masses-691- Religion > The Conflict Perspective Religion and Social Control • The social-conflict approach to religion highlights how religion, as a phenomenon of human behavior, maintains social inequality by advancing a worldview that justifies oppression. • Karl Marx's critical approach demanded that action be taken to resolve social inequalities. This was in stark contrast to his scholarly peers, many of whom pursued scholarship for the sake of knowledge, and did not attach to these academic projects overt political goals. • Karl Marx viewed religion as a social control used to maintain the status quo in a given society. Religious Buddhist Gathering in Tibetan Monastery View on Boundless.com Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/alternative-to-sociology-a-down-to-earth-approach-11th-james-m-henslin-02050965499780205096541/religion-18/the-conflict-perspective-124/religion-and-social-control-692- Religion > The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective • Religious Symbols • Rituals • Beliefs • Religious Experience Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/sociology?campaign_content=book_5889_chapter_18&campaign_term=Sociology&utm_campaign=powerpoint&utm_mediu m=direct&utm_source=boundless Religion > The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective Religious Symbols • Christianity has borrowed from the common stock of significant symbols known to most periods and to all regions of the world. • Universalism refers to religious, theological and philosophical concepts with universal application or applicability. • Comparative religion is the systematic comparison of the doctrines and practices of the world's religions. Hindu Symbol View on Boundless.com Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/alternative-to-sociology-a-down-to-earth-approach-11th-james-m-henslin-02050965499780205096541/religion-18/the-symbolic-interactionist-perspective-125/religious-symbols-693- Religion > The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective Rituals • The term ritual usually refers to actions which are stylized, while excluding actions which are arbitrarily chosen by the performers. • In religion, a ritual can comprise the prescribed outward forms observation within a religion or religious denomination. • The purposes of rituals are varied and may include fulfillment of religious obligations or ideals, satisfaction of spiritual or emotional needs of the practitioners, strengthening of social bonds, social and moral education, etc. • The social function of rituals has often been exploited for political ends. Alongside the personal dimensions of worship and reverence, rituals can have a more basic social functions in expressing, fixing, and reinforcing the shared values and Devotees tie red crimson threads on making a wish fulfilled. View on Boundless.com beliefs of a society. • Many animal species use ritualized actions to court or to greet each other or to fight. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/alternative-to-sociology-a-down-to-earth-approach-11th-james-m-henslin-02050965499780205096541/religion-18/the-symbolic-interactionist-perspective-125/rituals-694- Religion > The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective Beliefs • Religious adherents often distinguish religious belief from superstition. The term superstition refers to what are seen as excessive or false religious behaviors as opposed to proper or accepted religious standards. • People with pluralist beliefs make no distinction between faith systems, viewing each one as valid within a particular culture. • People with syncretistic views blend the views of a variety of different religions or traditional beliefs into a unique fusion which suits their particular experience and context. • People with exclusivist beliefs typically explain other religions as either in error, or as corruptions or counterfeits of the true faith. In monotheistic faiths, references to Praying Hands View on Boundless.com God are used in constructs such as "God's Chosen People". • People with inclusivist beliefs recognize some truth in all faith systems, highlighting agreements and minimizing differences, but see their own faith as in some way ultimate. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/alternative-to-sociology-a-down-to-earth-approach-11th-james-m-henslin-02050965499780205096541/religion-18/the-symbolic-interactionist-perspective-125/beliefs-695- Religion > The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective Religious Experience • The German thinker Rudolf Otto argued that all religious experiences are "numinous" experiences. For Otto, this meant that they invoked the mysterium tremendum, which is the tendency to invoke fear and trembling, and the mysterium fascinas, which is the tendency to attract, fascinate, and compel. • In ecstasy, the believer is understood to have a soul or spirit which can leave the body. • In enthusiasm, God is understood to be outside, other than, or beyond the believer. In such a belief system, this outer deity is believed to occasionally inhabit and possess the bodies of people. Those who are possessed in this way are often called mediums. Catholic Religious Experience View on Boundless.com • In the mystical experience, all otherness disappears and the believer becomes one with the transcendent. The believer discovers that he or she is not distinct from other objects, other people, the cosmos, the deity, but part of an interconnected whole. • The term spiritual awakening can refer to any of a wide range of experiences, including being born again, having a near-death experience, or achieving mystical liberation or enlightenment. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/alternative-to-sociology-a-down-to-earth-approach-11th-james-m-henslin-02050965499780205096541/religion-18/the-symbolic-interactionist-perspective-125/religious-experience-696- Religion > Religious Organizations Religious Organizations • Cult • Sect • The Christian Church • The Ecclesia • Religious Denominations Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/sociology?campaign_content=book_5889_chapter_18&campaign_term=Sociology&utm_campaign=powerpoint&utm_mediu m=direct&utm_source=boundless Religion > Religious Organizations Cult • In the 1930s, cults became the object of sociological study in the context of the study of religious behavior. • American sociologist Howard P. Becker created four categories by splitting church into "ecclesia" and "denomination," and sect into "sect" and "cult". • Cults, for Becker, were small religious groups lacking in organization and emphasizing the private nature of personal beliefs. Unlike sects, which are products of religious schism that maintain continuity with traditional beliefs, cults arise spontaneously around novel beliefs and practices. • Those critical of cults share the assumption that some form of coercive persuasion or mind control is used by cult leaders to recruit and maintain Cult Members View on Boundless.com members. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/alternative-to-sociology-a-down-to-earth-approach-11th-james-m-henslin-02050965499780205096541/religion-18/religious-organizations-126/cult-697- Religion > Religious Organizations Sect • Although in the past the term "sect" was mostly used to refer to religious groups, it has since expanded and in modern culture can refer to any organization that breaks away from a larger one to follow a different set of rules and principles. • The historical usage of the term sect in Christianity has had pejorative connotations, referring to a group or movement with heretical beliefs or practices that deviate from those of groups considered orthodox. • Among the first to define sects were the sociologists Max Weber and Ernst Troeltsch. • There are differences between sects and cults in the degree that members are recruited and kept. A sect may also have members who choose to leave later, Church-sect continuum View on Boundless.com whereas a cult uses any means necessary to keep its members, including coercion. • Sectarianism is sometimes defined in the sociology of religion as a worldview that emphasizes the unique legitimacy of believers' creed and practices and that heightens tension with society. • Sectarian violence refers to violence inspired by sectarianism. Some of the possible inputs for sectarian violence include power struggles, political climate, social climate, cultural climate, and economic landscape. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/alternative-to-sociology-a-down-to-earth-approach-11th-james-m-henslin-02050965499780205096541/religion-18/religious-organizations-126/sect-698- Religion > Religious Organizations The Christian Church • The early Church originated in Roman Judea in the first century AD, founded on the teachings of Jesus of Nazareth, who is believed by Christians to be the Son of God and Christ the Messiah. • The Eastern Orthodox Church and Oriental Orthodoxy each claim to be the original Christian Church. The Eastern Orthodox Church bases its claim primarily on its traditions and beliefs of the original Christian Church. • The Roman Catholic Church teaches in its doctrine that it is the original Church founded by Christ and the Apostles in the 1st century AD. • State churches are organizational bodies within a Christian denomination which are given official status or operated by a state. Holy Ascension Orthodox Church in Mount Pleasant View on Boundless.com • Churches of Christ are autonomous Christian congregations associated with one another through common beliefs and practices. Members of the Churches of Christ believe that Jesus founded only one church, that the current divisions between Christians are not God's will, and that the only basis for restoring Christian unity is the Bible. • Protestants believe that the Church, as described in the Bible, has a twofold character that can be described as the visible and invisible church. The invisible church consists of all those from every time and place who are vitally united to Christ through regeneration and salvation and who will be eternally united to Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Jesus Christ in eternal life. The visible church refers to the institutional body on www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/alternative-to-sociology-a-down-to-earth-approach-11th-james-m-henslin-02050965499780205096541/religion-18/religious-organizations-126/the-christian-church-699- Religion > Religious Organizations • State churches are organizational bodies within a Christian denomination which are given official status or operated by a state. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/alternative-to-sociology-a-down-to-earth-approach-11th-james-m-henslin-02050965499780205096541/religion-18/religious-organizations-126/the-christian-church-699- Religion > Religious Organizations The Ecclesia • While a church is an institution that acts as the religious guardian for all members of a community, and that tolerates no competition, an ecclesia is less successful at garnering absolute adherence among all members. • State churches are organizational bodies within a Christian denomination that are either given official status by a state, or operated directly by a state. State churches in Western Europe are generally ecclesias. • An ecclesial community is, in Roman Catholic terminology, a Christian religious group that does not meet the Roman Catholic definition of a church. • In Catholic canon law, a church is an ecclesial community headed by a bishop or someone recognized as the equivalent of a bishop. Choir of an Ecclesia View on Boundless.com Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/alternative-to-sociology-a-down-to-earth-approach-11th-james-m-henslin-02050965499780205096541/religion-18/religious-organizations-126/the-ecclesia-700- Religion > Religious Organizations Religious Denominations • Christian denominations include Eastern Orthodox, Anglicanism, and the many varieties of Protestantism. • The four branches of Judaism include Orthodox, Conservative, Reform, and Reconstructionist. • The two main branches of Islam are Sunni and Shia. • Denominationalism is the division of one religion into separate groups, sects, schools of thought, or denominations. • In Christianity, non-denominational institutions or churches are those not formally aligned with an established denomination, or that remain otherwise officially Religious Symbols View on Boundless.com autonomous. • Ecumenism mainly refers to initiatives aimed at greater Christian unity or cooperation. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/alternative-to-sociology-a-down-to-earth-approach-11th-james-m-henslin-02050965499780205096541/religion-18/religious-organizations-126/religious-denominations-701- Religion > Religious Organizations • The term interfaith dialogue refers to cooperative, constructive, and positive interaction between people of different religious traditions and spiritual or humanistic beliefs Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/alternative-to-sociology-a-down-to-earth-approach-11th-james-m-henslin-02050965499780205096541/religion-18/religious-organizations-126/religious-denominations-701- Religion > Religion in the U.S. Religion in the U.S. • Religion in the U.S. • Religious Diversity • Widespread Belief • Ecumenism • Characteristics of Members of Different Religions • Secularism and the Future of Religion Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/sociology?campaign_content=book_5889_chapter_18&campaign_term=Sociology&utm_campaign=powerpoint&utm_mediu m=direct&utm_source=boundless Religion > Religion in the U.S. Religion in the U.S. • The First Amendment specifically denies the Federal Government the power to enact any law respecting either an establishment of religion or prohibiting its free exercise, thus protecting any religious organization, institution, or denomination from government interference. • European Rationalist and Protestant ideals influenced the development of separation between state and religious affairs. • The majority of Americans (76% to 80%) identify themselves as Protestants or Catholics, accounting for 51% and 25% of the population respectively. Islamic Center View on Boundless.com Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/alternative-to-sociology-a-down-to-earth-approach-11th-james-m-henslin-02050965499780205096541/religion-18/religion-in-the-u-s-127/religion-in-the-u-s-702- Religion > Religion in the U.S. Religious Diversity • According to the U.S. Census, the most common religions in the United States are Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism, and unaffiliated religions, including atheists or agnostics. • Religious pluralism is an attitude or policy regarding the diversity of religious belief systems co-existing in society. • Interfaith dialogue refers to dialogue between members of different religions for the goal of reducing conflicts between their religions and to achieve agreed-upon, mutually desirable goals. • Freedom of religion encompasses all religions acts within the law in a particular region. Religious Diversity View on Boundless.com Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/alternative-to-sociology-a-down-to-earth-approach-11th-james-m-henslin-02050965499780205096541/religion-18/religion-in-the-u-s-127/religious-diversity-703- Religion > Religion in the U.S. Widespread Belief • Christian denominations in the U.S. are usually divided into three large groups: Evangelical, Mainline Protestant and Roman Catholic. • The mainline Protestant Christian denominations were brought to the U.S. by its historic immigrant groups; for this reason they are sometimes referred to as heritage churches. • Other parts of the world have different widespread beliefs. Islam, for example, dominates the Middle East. Worldwide Muslim Population View on Boundless.com Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/alternative-to-sociology-a-down-to-earth-approach-11th-james-m-henslin-02050965499780205096541/religion-18/religion-in-the-u-s-127/widespread-belief-704- Religion > Religion in the U.S. Ecumenism • Ecumenism contrasts with interfaith dialogue, which aims at unity, respect, and cooperation among diverse religions, under the auspices of a shared sense of spirituality. • Despite many disagreements over ecumenism and how to approach interfaith dialogue, there exists a sizable group of Orthodox Christians who are vehemently opposed to any kind of interfaith dialogue. • The general understanding of the ecumenical movement is that it came from the Roman Catholic Church's attempts to reconcile with Christians who had become separated over theological issues. Ecumenism Symbol View on Boundless.com Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/alternative-to-sociology-a-down-to-earth-approach-11th-james-m-henslin-02050965499780205096541/religion-18/religion-in-the-u-s-127/ecumenism-705- Religion > Religion in the U.S. Characteristics of Members of Different Religions • The most prevalent religion in the U.S. is Christianity. Northern European peoples introduced Protestantism, while the Spanish, French, and English introduced Catholicism. • The Jewish community in the United States is composed predominantly of Ashkenazi Jews who emigrated from Central and Eastern Europe, as well as their U.S.-born descendants. • American Islam effectively began with the arrival of African slaves. Research indicates that Muslims in the U.S. are generally more assimilated and prosperous than Muslims in Europe. • Buddhism entered the U.S. during the 19th century with the arrival of the first Hayley Fields at the Beth Israel Torah Dedication Ceremony View on Boundless.com immigrants from Eastern Asia. • Sikhs have been a part of the American populace for more than 130 years. • Buddhism entered the U.S. during the 19th century with the arrival of the first immigrants from Eastern Asia. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/alternative-to-sociology-a-down-to-earth-approach-11th-james-m-henslin-02050965499780205096541/religion-18/religion-in-the-u-s-127/characteristics-of-members-of-different-religions-706- Religion > Religion in the U.S. • The first time Hinduism entered the U.S. is not clearly identifiable. • Sikhs have been a part of the American populace for more than 130 years. 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Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/alternative-to-sociology-a-down-to-earth-approach-11th-james-m-henslin-02050965499780205096541/religion-18/religion-in-the-u-s-127/characteristics-of-members-of-different-religions-706- Religion > Religion in the U.S. Secularism and the Future of Religion • The secularization of a society refers to the process it undergoes when it shifts away from closely identifying with religious values and institutions towards affiliating with nonreligious values and institutions. • The term secularization was coined by the British writer George Jacob Holyoake in 1851 and is most closely associated with the Age of Enlightenment in Europe. • In a political context, secularization is the separation of the state from the church. • When speaking of social structures, secularization refers to the increasing division of labor and occupational specialization in society (differentiation). • Evidence suggests that "no religion" is becoming an increasingly prevalent religious status in the United States. Sacred and Secular View on Boundless.com Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/alternative-to-sociology-a-down-to-earth-approach-11th-james-m-henslin-02050965499780205096541/religion-18/religion-in-the-u-s-127/secularism-and-the-future-of-religion-707- Religion > Major Religions in the U.S. Major Religions in the U.S. • Protestantism • Catholicism • Judaism • Islam • Social Correlates of Religion • Affiliation Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/sociology?campaign_content=book_5889_chapter_18&campaign_term=Sociology&utm_campaign=powerpoint&utm_mediu m=direct&utm_source=boundless Religion > Major Religions in the U.S. Protestantism • Evangelicalism is the conversion of individuals, through the preaching of the Word. from a state of sin to a "new birth". • The Great Awakening refers to a northeastern Protestant revival movement that took place in the 1730s and 1740s. • The Second Great Awakening has been called the central and defining event in the development of Afro-Christianity. It began after many African Americans became dissatisfied with their treatment in white churches, and disappointed by their fellow believers' disinterest in abolishing slavery. • The Federal Council of Churches, founded in 1908, marked the first major expression of a growing, modern ecumenical movement among Christians in the Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. View on Boundless.com United States. • The National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States represented, in the 1950s, an extension and expansion of the Federal Council of Churches, the International Council of Religious Education, and several other interchurch ministries. • Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. was but one of many notable black ministers involved in the Civil Rights Movement. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/alternative-to-sociology-a-down-to-earth-approach-11th-james-m-henslin-02050965499780205096541/religion-18/major-religions-in-the-u-s-128/protestantism-708- Religion > Major Religions in the U.S. • Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. was but one of many notable black ministers involved in the Civil Rights Movement. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/alternative-to-sociology-a-down-to-earth-approach-11th-james-m-henslin-02050965499780205096541/religion-18/major-religions-in-the-u-s-128/protestantism-708- Religion > Major Religions in the U.S. Catholicism • The Pope is the head of the Catholic Church and faith. • Immigrants in the 19th century made Catholicism the largest religion in the United States. • Acquisition of territories in the 19th century, formerly possessions of France, Spain, and Mexico, added to the Catholic population in the United States. Assumption Catholic Church View on Boundless.com Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/alternative-to-sociology-a-down-to-earth-approach-11th-james-m-henslin-02050965499780205096541/religion-18/major-religions-in-the-u-s-128/catholicism-709- Religion > Major Religions in the U.S. Judaism • The Jewish community in the United States is composed predominantly of Ashkenazi Jews who emigrated from Central and Eastern Europe, and their U.S.born descendants. • Jewish ethnic divisions are also represented, including Sephardi Jews, Mizrahi Jews, and a number of converts. • American Jews are more likely to be atheist or agnostic than most Americans, especially so compared with Protestants or Catholics. • The Holocaust was the genocide of approximately six million European Jews during World War II. A Haredi Jew in New York CIty View on Boundless.com Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/alternative-to-sociology-a-down-to-earth-approach-11th-james-m-henslin-02050965499780205096541/religion-18/major-religions-in-the-u-s-128/judaism-710- Religion > Major Religions in the U.S. Islam • Many of the slaves brought to colonial America from Africa were Muslims. By 1800, some 500,000 Africans arrived in what became the United States. Historians estimate that between 15 to 30 percent of all enslaved African men, and less than 15 percent of the enslaved African women, were Muslims. • American Muslims come from various backgrounds, and are one of the most racially diverse religious groups in the United States according to a 2009 Gallup poll. Native-born American Muslims are mainly African Americans who make up about a quarter of the total Muslim population. • Unlike many Muslims in Europe, American Muslims do not tend to feel marginalized or isolated from political participation. Several organizations were Masjid Malcolm Shabazz Mosque View on Boundless.com formed by the American Muslim community to serve as 'critical consultants' on U.S. policy regarding Iraq and Afghanistan. • Mosques are places of worship for Islamic religions. • In the United States there exist a number of different traditions. As in the rest of the world, the Sunni Muslims are in the majority. Shia Muslims, especially those in the Iranian immigrant community, are also active in community affairs. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/alternative-to-sociology-a-down-to-earth-approach-11th-james-m-henslin-02050965499780205096541/religion-18/major-religions-in-the-u-s-128/islam-711- Religion > Major Religions in the U.S. Social Correlates of Religion • Some sociological research indicates that highly religious, developed nations have higher rates of homicide, mortality, sexually transmitted infections, teen pregnancies, and abortions, whereas so-called "Godless" developed nations have significantly lower mortality rates. • A BBC research study on religion in Europe suggests that religious belief has declined over the years. • A study by sociologist Lisa A. Keister found that adherents of Judaism and Episcopalianism attained the most wealth; believers of Catholicism and mainline Protestants were in the middle; and conservative Protestants accumulated the least wealth. Religion versus GDP per Capita View on Boundless.com • Surveys by Gallup, the National Opinion Research Center and the Pew Organization conclude that spiritually committed people are twice as likely to report being "very happy" than the least religiously committed people. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/alternative-to-sociology-a-down-to-earth-approach-11th-james-m-henslin-02050965499780205096541/religion-18/major-religions-in-the-u-s-128/social-correlates-of-religion-712- Religion > Major Religions in the U.S. Affiliation • The U.S. is a very religiously diverse country. People who identify as Christians in the U.S. encompass the majority of the population, although there are a wide variety of denominations that have developed since the introduction of Christianity in colonial times. • Unaffiliated beliefs, including atheism and agnosticism, are the second largest group. Judaism is the third largest group, and Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism, and other beliefs are less than one percent of the population. • According to recent surveys, 83% of Americans identify with a religious denomination. A majority of Americans report that religion plays a "very important" role in their lives, a proportion unique among developed nations. Salt Lake Temple, Utah View on Boundless.com • The First Amendment guarantees the free exercise of religion while also preventing the government from establishing a state religion. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/alternative-to-sociology-a-down-to-earth-approach-11th-james-m-henslin-02050965499780205096541/religion-18/major-religions-in-the-u-s-128/affiliation-713- Appendix Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Religion Key terms • Age of Enlightenment A period of time ranging from part of the 17th Century through much of the 18th Century, characterized particularly by the importance of logic and reason. • agnostic Doubtful or uncertain about the existence or demonstrability of God or other deity. • agnosticism The view that the existence of God or of all deities is unknown, unknowable, unproven, or unprovable. • American Islam From the 1880s to 1914, several thousand Muslims immigrated to the United States from the Ottoman Empire and from parts of South Asia; they did not form distinctive settlements, and probably mostly assimilated into the wider society. • animism A belief that spirits inhabit some or all classes of natural objects or phenomena. • apostate A person who has renounced a religion or faith. • assembly A legislative body; e.g., the General Assembly of the United Nations. • belief system The basis of a set of beliefs • bourgeoisie The capitalist class. • church a Christian religious institution or building • Civil Rights Movement The civil rights movement was a worldwide political movement for legal equality that occured between approximately 1950 and 1980. • comparative religion Comparative religion compares the doctrines and practices of the worlds religions. 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Get yours at www.boundless.com Religion • creed That which is believed; accepted doctrine, especially religious; a particular set of beliefs; any summary of principles or opinions professed or adhered to. • cult A group of people with a religious, philosophical or cultural identity sometimes viewed as a sect, often existing on the margins of society or exploitative towards its members. • deity A preternatural or supernatural human or non-human being or entity, or an object that possesses miraculous or supernatural attributes, powers or superpowers (e.g. a god or goddess). • denomination A class, or society of individuals, called by the same name; a sect; as, a denomination of Christians. • denomination A class, or society of individuals, called by the same name; a sect; as, a denomination of Christians. • denominationalism The division of one religion into separate groups, sects, schools of thought, or denominations. • divine eternal, holy, or otherwise supernatural. • ecclesia The congregation, the group of believers, symbolic body or building. • ecclesial community An ecclesial community is, in Roman Catholic terminology, a Christian religious group that does not meet the Roman Catholic definition of a "Church". • ecstasy a trance, frenzy, or rapture associated with mystic or prophetic exaltation • ecumenism Ecumenism mainly refers to initiatives aimed at greater Christian unity or cooperation. • ecumenism Ecumenism mainly refers to initiatives aimed at greater Christian unity or cooperation. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Religion • evangelicalism Protestant movement basing its theology almost entirely on Scripture, which is held to be inerrant. • First Amendment The First Amendment (Amendment I) to the United States Constitution is part of the Bill of Rights. The amendment prohibits the making of any law respecting an establishment of religion, impeding the free exercise of religion, abridging the freedom of speech, infringing on the freedom of the press, interfering with the right to peaceably assemble or prohibiting the petitioning for a governmental redress of grievances. • freedom of religion The right of citizens to hold any religious or non-religious beliefs, and to carry out any practices in accordance with those beliefs, so long as they do not interfere with another person's legal or civil rights, or any reasonable laws, without fear of harm or prosecution. • hierarchy Any group of objects ranked so that everyone but the topmost is subordinate to a specified group above it. • interfaith dialogue The term interfaith dialogue refers to cooperative, constructive, and positive interaction between people of different religious traditions (i.e., "faiths") or spiritual or humanistic beliefs, at both the individual and institutional levels. It is distinct from syncretism or alternative religion; this dialogue often promotes understanding between different religions to increase acceptance of others, rather than attempting to synthesize new beliefs. • interfaith dialogue The term interfaith dialogue refers to cooperative, constructive, and positive interaction between people of different religious traditions (i.e., "faiths") or spiritual or humanistic beliefs, at both the individual and institutional levels. It is distinct from syncretism or alternative religion; this dialogue often promotes understanding between different religions to increase acceptance of others, rather than attempting to synthesize new beliefs. • interfaith dialogue The term interfaith dialogue refers to cooperative, constructive, and positive interaction between people of different religious traditions (i.e., "faiths") or spiritual or humanistic beliefs, at both the individual and institutional levels. It is distinct from syncretism or alternative religion; this dialogue often promotes understanding between different religions to increase acceptance of others, rather than attempting to synthesize new beliefs. • Invisible Church The invisible church or church invisible is a theological concept of an "invisible" body of the elect who are known only to God, in contrast to the "visible church"—that is, the institutional body on earth which preaches the gospel and administers the sacraments. • Judaism A world religion tracing its origin to the Hebrew people of the ancient Middle-East, as documented in religious writings known as the Torah or Old Testament. • Mainline Protestantism Mainline Protestant (also sometimes called "mainstream American Protestant") are certain Protestant churches in the United States that comprised a majority of Americans from the colonial era until the early 20th century. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com • mana A form of supernatural energy in Polynesian religion that inheres in things or people. Religion • mosque A place of worship for Muslims, corresponding to a church or synagogue in other religions, often having at least one minaret; a masjid. • Muslim A person who is a follower and believer of the Islamic faith. • mystical experience In the mystical experience, all otherness'disappears and the believer becomes one with the transcendent. The believer discovers that he or she is not distinct from the cosmos, the deity, or the other reality, but one with all of these, as part of an interconnected whole. • Nation of Islam A religious and political organization with the declared aim of "resurrecting" the spiritual, mental, social and economic condition of the black people of America and the world. • National Council of the Churches of Christ The National Council of the Churches of Christ in the USA (usually identified as National Council of Churches or NCC) is an ecumenical partnership of 37 Christian faith groups in the United States. Its member denominations, churches, conventions, and archdioceses include Mainline Protestant, Orthodox, African American, Evangelical, and historic peace churches. • National Opinion Research Center NORC at the University of Chicago, established in 1941 as the National Opinion Research Center, is one of the largest and most highly respected social research organizations in the United States. • numinous experiences Numinous is is an English adjective describing the power or presence of a divinity. The numinous experience has both a quality of tremendum, which is the tendency to invoke fear and trembling, and a quality of fascinans, the tendency to attract, fascinate and compel. The numinous experience also has a personal quality to it, in that the person feels to be in communion with a wholly other. The numinous experience can lead in different cases to belief in deities, the supernatural, the sacred, the holy, and/or the transcendent. • Orthodox Christians The Eastern Orthodox Church, officially called the Orthodox Catholic Church and commonly referred to as the Orthodox Church, is the second largest Christian church in the world, with an estimated 300 million adherents mainly in the countries of Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova, Georgia, Romania, Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia, Bulgaria, Greece, and Cyprus, all of which — except Bosnia — are majority Eastern Orthodox. It teaches that it is the One, Holy, Catholic and Apostolic Church established by Jesus Christ and his Apostles almost 2,000 years ago. • parish An administrative part of a diocese that has its own church; found in the Anglican, Eastern Orthodox and Catholic Church and certain civil government entities. • particular church In Catholic canon law, a particular church is an ecclesial community headed by a bishop or someone equivalent to a bishop. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com • pluralist beliefs Religious pluralism is an attitude or policy regarding the diversity of religious belief systems co-existing in Religion • profane Not sacred or holy, unconsecrated; relating to non-religious matters, secular. • profane Not sacred or holy, unconsecrated; relating to non-religious matters, secular. • proletariat the working class or lower class • Protestantism Protestantism is one of the major groupings within Christianity. It has been defined as "any of several church denominations denying the universal authority of the Pope and affirming the Reformation principles of justification by faith alone, the priesthood of all believers, and the primacy of the Bible as the only source of revealed truth. " More broadly, it means Christianity outside "of a Catholic or Eastern church. " • religiosity An index of how strongly religious a person is • Religious Organization Religious activities generally need some infrastructure to be conducted. For this reason, there generally exist religion-supporting organizations, which are some form of organization that manage the upkeep of places of worship, e.g. mosques, prayer rooms, other similar edifices or meeting places, and the payment of salaries to priests, ministers, or religious leaders. In addition, such organizations usually have other responsibilities, such as: the formation, nomination, or appointment of religious leaders, the establishment of a corpus of doctrine, the disciplining of priests or other people with respect to religious law, the determination of qualification for membership, etc. • religious pluralism The peaceful coexistence of multiple religions in a community. • ritual Rite; a repeated set of actions • Roman Catholicism The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the world's largest Christian church, with more than one billion members worldwide. • sacred Set apart by solemn religious ceremony; especially, in a good sense, made holy; set apart to religious use; consecrated; not profane or common; as, a sacred place; a sacred day; sacred service • sacred Set apart by solemn religious ceremony; especially, in a good sense, made holy; set apart to religious use; consecrated; not profane or common; as, a sacred place; a sacred day; sacred service • sectarian violence Sectarian violence or sectarian strife is violence inspired by sectarianism, that is, between different sects of one particular mode of ideology or religion within a nation or community. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Religion • sectarianism Rigid adherence to a particular sect, party, or denomination. • self-actualization Self-actualization is a term that has been used in various psychology theories, often in slightly different ways. The term was originally introduced by the organismic theorist Kurt Goldstein for the motive to realize one's full potential. However, the concept was brought most fully to prominence in Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, in which "selfactualization" was the final level of psychological development that can be achieved when all basic and mental needs are fulfilled. In such a case, the "actualization" of full personal potential takes place. • separation of church and state The separation of church and state is the distance in the relationship between organized religion and the nation state. • Sephardi a Jew of Iberian ancestry, whose native language was Ladino • shaman A member of certain tribal societies who acts as a religious medium between the concrete and spirit worlds. • social cohesion The bonds or "glue" that maintain stability in society. • social control any control, either formal or informal, that is exerted by a group, especially by one's peers • social function Rituals may serve a social function in that they express, fix, and reinforce the shared values and beliefs of a society. • spirits The undying essence of a human. The soul. • state churches State churches are organizational bodies within a Christian denomination which are given official status or operated by a state. • state churches State churches are organizational bodies within a Christian denomination which are given official status or operated by a state. • status quo the current state of things; the way things are, as opposed to the way they could be; the existing state of affairs. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Religion • status quo the current state of things; the way things are, as opposed to the way they could be; the existing state of affairs. • supernatural Above nature; that which is beyond or added to nature, often so considered because it is given by God or some force beyond that which humans are born with. In Roman Catholic theology, sanctifying grace is considered to be a supernatural addition to human nature. • supernatural Above nature; that which is beyond or added to nature, often so considered because it is given by God or some force beyond that which humans are born with. In Roman Catholic theology, sanctifying grace is considered to be a supernatural addition to human nature. • Supernatural Forces The supernatural is that which is not subject to the laws of nature, or more figuratively, that which is said to exist above and beyond nature. • supernatural power The supernatural is that which is not subject to the laws of nature, or more figuratively, that which is said to exist above and beyond nature. • supernaturalism A belief in the doctrine of supernatural or divine agency as manifested in the world, in human events, religious revelation, miracles, etc. • superstition A belief, not based on human reason or scientific knowledge, that future events may be influenced by one's behaviour in some magical or mystical way. • Universalism The theological belief that all souls can attain salvation. • well-being a state of health, happiness and/or prosperity Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Religion Ecumenism Symbol Ecumenism mainly refers to initiatives aimed at greater Christian unity or cooperation. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia. "Ecumenism symbol." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ecumenism_symbol.jpg View on Boundless.com Religion Church-sect continuum Before describing these different religions, it is important for the reader to understand that these classifications are a good example of what sociologists refer to as ideal types. Ideal types are pure examples of the categories. Because there is significant variation in each religion, how closely an individual religion actually adheres to their ideal type classification will vary. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia. "Church-sect continuum." Public domain http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Church-sect_continuum.svg View on Boundless.com Religion Hindu Rituals in a Kashmiri Wedding The Joyful Rhythms of a Kashmiri Wedding Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com View on Boundless.com Religion Hindu Symbol Aum Hindu symbol Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia. "Aum." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aum.png View on Boundless.com Religion Sacred and Secular The secularization thesis refers to the belief that as societies "progress," particularly through modernization and rationalization, religion loses its authority in all aspects of social life and governance. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia. "Sacred and secular." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sacred_and_secular.jpg View on Boundless.com Religion Catholic Church Gathering for Mass Congregation Gathering Service for the Virgin Mary Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Flickr. "Upper church - the congregation gathers_0775 | Flickr - Photo Sharing!." CC BY 2.0 http://www.flickr.com/photos/emeryjl/505296571/ View on Boundless.com Religion Shinto Shrine Shinto is an animistic religion in Japan. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Flickr. "Shinto shrine | Flickr - Photo Sharing!." Public domain http://www.flickr.com/photos/iyoupapa/2937735965/ View on Boundless.com Religion Religious Symbols Symbols of Various Faiths Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "Religijne symbole0." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Religijne_symbole0.png View on Boundless.com Religion Holy Ascension Orthodox Church in Mount Pleasant Different Christian Sects construct their own Churches, which are their places of worship Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia. "Holy Ascension Orthodox Church in Mount Pleasant." CC BY 2.0 http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Holy_Ascension_Orthodox_Church_in_Mount_Pleasant.jpg View on Boundless.com Religion Baltimore Cornerstone John Carroll, bishop of Baltimore, lays the cornerstone for the Cathedral of the Assumption in Baltimore, the first cathedral in the United States. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia. "Baltimore-cornerstone." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Baltimore-cornerstone.jpg View on Boundless.com Religion Methodist Church in Mississippi Louise United Methodist Church, Louise, Mississippi Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Flickr. "Welcome to Flickr - Photo Sharing." CC BY 2.0 http://www.flickr.com View on Boundless.com Religion Religious Diversity Religious symbols represented in this picture reflect the religious diversity in the United States. Among the symbols one can recognize Islam, Judaism, Christianity, and Buddhism. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia. "Discrimination-Diversity-04-Religion." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Discrimination-Diversity-04-Religion.jpg View on Boundless.com Religion Taize Prayer Ecumenical worship service at the monastery of Taizé Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "Taizé prayer." CC BY 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Taiz%25C3%25A9_prayer.JPG View on Boundless.com Religion Amida Buddha, Phoenix Hall, Byodo-in, Kyoto Amida Nyorai, by Jōchō, 1053, wood covered with gold leaf. H.295cm. Phoenix Hall, Byōdō-in, Kyoto Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "Jocho-Buddha150." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jocho-Buddha150.jpg View on Boundless.com Religion Woman floating above bed Supernatural force allows this woman to float. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Flickr. ".Supernatural | Flickr - Photo Sharing!." Public domain http://www.flickr.com/photos/ngmmemuda/4688944605/ View on Boundless.com Religion Religion and happiness The science of positive psychology has identified many components of happiness, and religion seems adapted to satisfy many of them. Some research suggests that both non-religious and religious meaning systems can be quite effective when it comes to managing death anxiety, and that the latter have a few additional advantages. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "Happiness and religion." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Happiness_and_religion View on Boundless.com Religion Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. delivering his famous "I Have a Dream" speech Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Fotopedia. "Fotopedia - Magazine." CC BY 2.0 http://www.fotopedia.com View on Boundless.com Religion Devotees tie red crimson threads on making a wish fulfilled. The temple dedicated to Mata Chintpurni Devi is located in District Una of Himachal Pradesh. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia. "Devotees tie red crimson threads on making a wish, and come back and untie when fulfilled...Jai Mata Di." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Devotees_tie_red_crimson_threads_on_making_a_wish,_and_come_back_and_untie_when_fulfilled...Jai_Mata_Di.jpg Religion Cult Members The word cult in current popular usage usually refers to a new religious movement or other group whose beliefs or practices are considered abnormal or bizarre. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Blogspot. CC BY http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-DRx37N7Fo90/Tr62tEVmmZI/AAAAAAAAAeU/4YmxfMHBn5o/s1600/fry6.jpg View on Boundless.com Religion Sacred Buddhist Ritual in Nepal His Holiness Jigdal Dagchen Sakya leading the empowerment into practice at Tharlam Monastery, Boudha, Kathmandu, Nepal. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Flickr. "Vajrayogini Front Facing Shrine Mandala Offering, His Holiness Jigdal Dagchen Sakya leading the empowerment into practice, Tharlam Monastery, Boudha, Kathmandu, Nepal | Flickr - Photo Sharing!." Public domain http://www.flickr.com/photos/wonderlane/3030424605/ View on Boundless.com Religion Islamic Center Islamic Center of Washington located at 2551 Massachusetts Avenue, NW in Washington, D.C. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "Islamic Center of Washington - 2551 Massachusetts Avenue NW." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Islamic_Center_of_Washington__2551_Massachusetts_Avenue_NW.jpg View on Boundless.com Religion Worldwide Muslim Population As the map shows, certain regions are dominated by widespread beliefs. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "World Muslim Population Pew Forum." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:World_Muslim_Population_Pew_Forum.png View on Boundless.com Religion Religious Buddhist Gathering in Tibetan Monastery Tharlam Monastery of Tibetan Buddhism Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Flickr. "Holding a vajra empowerment wearing 5 Dhyani Buddha Crowns, lay people, monk, nun, Sakya Lamdre, Highest Yoga Tantra, Tharlam Monastery of Tibetan Buddhism, Boudha, Kathmandu, Nepal | Flickr - Photo Sharing!." CC BY 2.0 http://www.flickr.com/photos/wonderlane/6849721833/ View on Religion Catholic Religious Experience Religious experience in Catholicism is accomplished by praying to Catholic religious symbols. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Flickr. "All sizes | 86/365 crisis of faith (sec.3) | Flickr - Photo Sharing!." CC BY 2.0 http://www.flickr.com/photos/twon/2175925464/sizes/m/in/photostream/ View on Boundless.com Religion Religion as opium of the people Abolition of Religion as the Illusory Happiness of the People. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Flickr. "#24 December 4th week.| Flickr - Photo Sharing!." CC BY-SA 2.0 http://www.flickr.com/photos/nextsentence/3127804508/ View on Boundless.com Religion Hayley Fields at the Beth Israel Torah Dedication Ceremony Two weeks after Hurricane Katrina struck the Gulf Coast, volunteers with an Israeli charity rescued seven Torah scrolls from the synagogue. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia. "Hayley Fields at the Beth Israel Torah Dedication Ceremony." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hayley_Fields_at_the_Beth_Israel_Torah_Dedication_Ceremony.jpg View on Boundless.com Religion Tharlam Monastery of Tibetan Buddhism An apparently happy man wears the 5 Dhyani Buddhas Crown and holds a Flower and Dorje (vajra). Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Flickr. "The Empowered; Happiness is wearing the 5 Dhyani Buddhas Crown and Holding a Flower and Dorje (vajra), Initiate, Highest Yoga Tantra initiation, Hevajra, Tharlam Monastery of Tibetan Buddhism, Boudha, Kathmandu, Nepal | Flickr - Photo Sharing!." CC BY 2.0 Religion Salt Lake Temple, Utah It is the sixth temple completed by the church, requiring 40 years to complete, and the fourth operating temple built since the Mormon exodus from Nauvoo, Illinois. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "Salt Lake Temple, Utah - Sept 2004-2." CC BY 2.5 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Salt_Lake_Temple,_Utah_-_Sept_2004-2.jpg View on Boundless.com Religion Americans and Religion A recent Pew survey reveals that, although the majority of Americans may consider themselves to be religious, many are in fact unaware of basic tenets concerning their faith. Byron Pitts reports. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com View on Boundless.com Religion Birth of monotheism, modern Judaism and finalizing the Torah The beginnings of modern religion and the origins of the Hebrew Bible Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com View on Boundless.com Religion Christian Flag at Covenant Presbyterian Church The Christian flag displayed with the flag of the USA; note the finials on the flag poles. This is next to the pulpit and baptismal font in Covenant Presbyterian Church, Long Beach, California, USA; Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "ChristianFlagEtc CovenantPresbyterianLongBeach20050213 CopyrightKaihsuTai." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ChristianFlagEtc_CovenantPresbyterianLongBeach20050213_CopyrightKaihsuTai.jpg View on Boundless.com Religion Karl Marx Religion, Marx held, was a significant hindrance to reason, inherently masking the truth and misguiding followers. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com http://Wikimedia. Public domain http://Wikimedia View on Boundless.com Religion A Haredi Jew in New York CIty The Haredi Jews are the most conservative of Orthodox Jews. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Flickr. "All sizes | Haredi Judaism in New York City | Flickr - Photo Sharing!." CC BY http://www.flickr.com/photos/proimos/5919137600/sizes/l/ View on Boundless.com Religion Islamic Text BookTauzeeh ul Masail Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia. "BookTauzeeh ul Masail." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:BookTauzeeh_ul_Masail.jpg View on Boundless.com Religion Praying Hands Praying is an act of belief in many religious faiths. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia. "Praying Hands." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Praying_Hands.jpg View on Boundless.com Religion Choir of an Ecclesia Catholic Mass Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia. "CORO ECCLESIA." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:CORO_ECCLESIA.jpg View on Boundless.com Religion Muslim woman in tradition attire Muslim Culture Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Flickr. "Geometria e Islam | Flickr - Photo Sharing!." Public domain http://www.flickr.com/photos/elena_norbiato/2442311637/ View on Boundless.com Religion Religious Symbols Symbols for Major Religions of the World Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia. "Religious syms." Public domain http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Religious_syms.svg View on Boundless.com Religion Assumption Catholic Church The oldest Catholic Church in St. Paul. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Flickr. "Assumption Catholic Church | Flickr - Photo Sharing!." CC BY 2.0 http://www.flickr.com/photos/nostri-imago/2873771099/ View on Boundless.com Religion Masjid Malcolm Shabazz Mosque Mosque in New York City. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Flickr. "All sizes | Masjid Malcolm Shabazz Mosque | Flickr - Photo Sharing!." CC BY http://www.flickr.com/photos/paul_lowry/3439577500/sizes/l/ View on Boundless.com Religion Religion versus GDP per Capita Wealth and religion Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "RELIGIONvsGDPperCapita." CC0 1.0 Universal http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RELIGIONvsGDPperCapita.png View on Boundless.com Religion Lightmatter Hsi Lai Temple in Los Angeles, California The Hsi Lai Temple is the largest Buddhist temple in the United States. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "Religion in United States." CC BY 1.0 Generic http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_United_States#cite_note-pewforum-14 View on Boundless.com Religion Which of the following is true about the nature of religion? A) All religions claim to be universal and binding for everyone across time and place B) All religions require a belief in the sacred and spiritual beings C) All religions focus on the subjective experience of the individual and faith D) All religions require a belief in a God or a supernatural deity Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Religion Which of the following is true about the nature of religion? A) All religions claim to be universal and binding for everyone across time and place B) All religions require a belief in the sacred and spiritual beings C) All religions focus on the subjective experience of the individual and faith D) All religions require a belief in a God or a supernatural deity Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/ Religion Which of the following are elements of religion? A) Spirituality B) Faith C) Belief D) All of the above Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Religion Which of the following are elements of religion? A) Spirituality B) Faith C) Belief D) All of the above Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/ Religion The idea of a supernatural force that is not bound by the laws of nature is part of: A) religion B) both religion and magic C) magic D) none of these answers Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Religion The idea of a supernatural force that is not bound by the laws of nature is part of: A) religion B) both religion and magic C) magic D) none of these answers Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/ Religion Animists believe: A) all of these answers B) everything shares the same spiritual essence C) ritual is not important D) humans are not better or more important than other animals and essences Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Religion Animists believe: A) all of these answers B) everything shares the same spiritual essence C) ritual is not important D) humans are not better or more important than other animals and essences Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/ Religion Which of the following world views generally rejects the possibility of supernatural events? A) Polytheism B) Monotheism C) Deism D) None of these answers Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Religion Which of the following world views generally rejects the possibility of supernatural events? A) Polytheism B) Monotheism C) Deism D) None of these answers Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/ Religion An example of the cultural approach to the study of religion would be: A) Buddhism has no authoritarian God B) Puritanism flourished in early America perhaps because the living conditions were harsh C) Hinduism is an example of Polytheism D) Most followers of Islam believe that visual depictions of the prophet Muhammad are idolatry Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Religion An example of the cultural approach to the study of religion would be: A) Buddhism has no authoritarian God B) Puritanism flourished in early America perhaps because the living conditions were harsh C) Hinduism is an example of Polytheism D) Most followers of Islam believe that visual depictions of the prophet Muhammad are idolatry Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/ Religion The bonds or "glue" that maintain stability in society. A) happiness B) self-actualization C) social cohesion D) well-being Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Religion The bonds or "glue" that maintain stability in society. A) happiness B) self-actualization C) social cohesion D) well-being Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Boundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/ Religion Any control, either formal or informal, that is exerted by a group, especially by one's peers A) status quo B) political Zionism C) supernatural D) social control Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Religion Any control, either formal or informal, that is exerted by a group, especially by one's peers A) status quo B) political Zionism C) supernatural D) social control Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Boundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/ Religion In what ways does religion serve the role of a social institution? A) Religions have a complex and integrated set of norms. B) Religious practices and beliefs are related to societal values. C) Religions often meet several basic needs. D) All of the answers Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Religion In what ways does religion serve the role of a social institution? A) Religions have a complex and integrated set of norms. B) Religious practices and beliefs are related to societal values. C) Religions often meet several basic needs. D) All of the answers Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Saylor OER. "Electives « Saylor.org – Free Online Courses Built by Professors." CC BY 3.0 http://www.saylor.org/majors/Electives/ Religion Which perspective most emphasizes the ways in which religion helps to keep the social system running smoothly? A) Functional perspective B) Symbolic interactionist perspective C) Conflict perspective D) Feminist perspective Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Religion Which perspective most emphasizes the ways in which religion helps to keep the social system running smoothly? A) Functional perspective B) Symbolic interactionist perspective C) Conflict perspective D) Feminist perspective Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Saylor OER. "Electives « Saylor.org – Free Online Courses Built by Professors." CC BY 3.0 http://www.saylor.org/majors/Electives/ Religion According to the Legatum Prosperity Index, which of the following is associated with those who don't embrace religion in their lives? A) Wealth B) Self-esteem C) Knowledge D) Depression Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Religion According to the Legatum Prosperity Index, which of the following is associated with those who don't embrace religion in their lives? A) Wealth B) Self-esteem C) Knowledge D) Depression Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/ Religion According to Marx, religious believers are likely to be: A) active B) violent C) peaceful D) passive Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Religion According to Marx, religious believers are likely to be: A) active B) violent C) peaceful D) passive Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/ Religion Karl Marx's theory of religion: A) was a-political B) was intended to be purely theoretical C) saw it as an instrument of oppression D) was anti-proletariat Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Religion Karl Marx's theory of religion: A) was a-political B) was intended to be purely theoretical C) saw it as an instrument of oppression D) was anti-proletariat Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/ Religion Which of the following do the functionalist and conflict perspectives share? A) Emphasis on religion as providing social support B) The belief that religion helps explain the mysteries of life C) None of the answers D) The position that religion relates to social control, enforcing social norms Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Religion Which of the following do the functionalist and conflict perspectives share? A) Emphasis on religion as providing social support B) The belief that religion helps explain the mysteries of life C) None of the answers D) The position that religion relates to social control, enforcing social norms Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Saylor OER. "Electives « Saylor.org – Free Online Courses Built by Professors." CC BY 3.0 http://www.saylor.org/majors/Electives/ Religion Which socialist perspective most emphasizes the ways in which religion helps to maintain social inequalities within a society? A) Conflict theory B) Functional C) Symbolic interactionist D) Feminist perspective Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Religion Which socialist perspective most emphasizes the ways in which religion helps to maintain social inequalities within a society? A) Conflict theory B) Functional C) Symbolic interactionist D) Feminist perspective Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Saylor OER. "Electives « Saylor.org – Free Online Courses Built by Professors." CC BY 3.0 http://www.saylor.org/majors/Electives/ Religion Symbols do all of the following in regards to religion EXCEPT: A) Create a resonant mythos B) Foster solidarity C) Bring people closer to an object of worship D) Distinguish between positive and negative ideas Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Religion Symbols do all of the following in regards to religion EXCEPT: A) Create a resonant mythos B) Foster solidarity C) Bring people closer to an object of worship D) Distinguish between positive and negative ideas Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/ Religion All of the following are purposes of rituals EXCEPT: A) Fulfillment of religious obligations B) Satisfaction of emotional needs C) To harm or hurt another person D) Strengthening of social bonds Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Religion All of the following are purposes of rituals EXCEPT: A) Fulfillment of religious obligations B) Satisfaction of emotional needs C) To harm or hurt another person D) Strengthening of social bonds Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/ Religion People who make no distinction between faith systems are said to have what type of belief? A) Exclusivist B) Inclusivist C) Pluralist D) Superstition Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Religion People who make no distinction between faith systems are said to have what type of belief? A) Exclusivist B) Inclusivist C) Pluralist D) Superstition Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/ Religion When a person become aware of a sacred dimension of reality, this is known as _______. A) Mysterium tremendum B) Spiritual awakening C) Mysterium fascinas D) Shaman Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Religion When a person become aware of a sacred dimension of reality, this is known as _______. A) Mysterium tremendum B) Spiritual awakening C) Mysterium fascinas D) Shaman Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/ Religion Some controversial groups that may be mislabeled as cults include: A) the Peoples Temple and Heaven's Gate B) the Branch Davidians and the Manson Family C) Quakers and Pentecostals D) Scientology and the Hare Krishna Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Religion Some controversial groups that may be mislabeled as cults include: A) the Peoples Temple and Heaven's Gate B) the Branch Davidians and the Manson Family C) Quakers and Pentecostals D) Scientology and the Hare Krishna Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Saylor OER. "Electives « Saylor.org – Free Online Courses Built by Professors." CC BY 3.0 http://www.saylor.org/majors/Electives/ Religion A sect: A) has generally grown so large that it needs new buildings and multiple leaders B) often believes it must split from the larger group to return to important fundamentals. C) All of the answers D) is another term for a cult. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Religion A sect: A) has generally grown so large that it needs new buildings and multiple leaders B) often believes it must split from the larger group to return to important fundamentals. C) All of the answers D) is another term for a cult. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Saylor OER. "Electives « Saylor.org – Free Online Courses Built by Professors." CC BY 3.0 http://www.saylor.org/majors/Electives/ Religion Which of the following claims to be the original Christian Church? A) all of these answers B) the Eastern Orthodox Church C) the Oriental Orthodoxy D) the Roman Catholic Church Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Religion Which of the following claims to be the original Christian Church? A) all of these answers B) the Eastern Orthodox Church C) the Oriental Orthodoxy D) the Roman Catholic Church Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/ Religion The main difference between an ecclesia and a denomination is: A) ecclesia are state-sponsored and considered an official religion. B) the number of followers or believers is much larger for denominations. C) the geographical location varies for ecclesia versus denominations. D) there are no important differences; the terms are interchangeable. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Religion The main difference between an ecclesia and a denomination is: A) ecclesia are state-sponsored and considered an official religion. B) the number of followers or believers is much larger for denominations. C) the geographical location varies for ecclesia versus denominations. D) there are no important differences; the terms are interchangeable. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Saylor OER. "Electives « Saylor.org – Free Online Courses Built by Professors." CC BY 3.0 http://www.saylor.org/majors/Electives/ Religion Which of the following is a reason why denominations may form within religions? A) all of these answers B) geographical separation C) a schism within an existing group D) the sharing of an experience of spiritual awakening Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Religion Which of the following is a reason why denominations may form within religions? A) all of these answers B) geographical separation C) a schism within an existing group D) the sharing of an experience of spiritual awakening Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/ Religion Ecumenism refers to A) initiatives aimed at greater Christian unity or cooperation. B) the lack of formal alliance with an established denomination. C) the division of one religion into separate groups, sects, or schools of thought. D) cooperative, constructive, and positive interaction between people of different religions. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Religion Ecumenism refers to A) initiatives aimed at greater Christian unity or cooperation. B) the lack of formal alliance with an established denomination. C) the division of one religion into separate groups, sects, or schools of thought. D) cooperative, constructive, and positive interaction between people of different religions. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/ Religion Which of the following terms has been used to describe the relation between politics and religion? A) Religious diversity B) Social tolerance C) Civil religion D) Free religious affiliation Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Religion Which of the following terms has been used to describe the relation between politics and religion? A) Religious diversity B) Social tolerance C) Civil religion D) Free religious affiliation Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/ Religion Which of the following is true about religious diversity in the United States? A) The U.S. Census asks about religious affiliation to compute the number of religions in the nation B) The largest religious denomination in the United States is Catholicism followed by Protestantism C) Muslims in the United States have a harder time assimilating than Muslims in continental Europe D) American Jews are identified based on their religious affiliation, not their cultural ethnicity Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Religion Which of the following is true about religious diversity in the United States? A) The U.S. Census asks about religious affiliation to compute the number of religions in the nation B) The largest religious denomination in the United States is Catholicism followed by Protestantism C) Muslims in the United States have a harder time assimilating than Muslims in continental Europe D) American Jews are identified based on their religious affiliation, not their cultural ethnicity Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/ Religion Which of the following is the largest individual denomination in the United States? A) Evangelicalism B) Mainline Protestantism C) Islam D) Roman Catholicism Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Religion Which of the following is the largest individual denomination in the United States? A) Evangelicalism B) Mainline Protestantism C) Islam D) Roman Catholicism Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/ Religion Which of the following groups of Christians are most likely to oppose calls for unity by the ecumenical movement? A) Eastern Orthodox Christians B) Oriental Orthodox Christians C) Roman Catholics D) Members of the Anglican Church Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Religion Which of the following groups of Christians are most likely to oppose calls for unity by the ecumenical movement? A) Eastern Orthodox Christians B) Oriental Orthodox Christians C) Roman Catholics D) Members of the Anglican Church Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/ Religion Protestants account for half of all Christians in the United States. Where did most came from who arrived to the United States? A) Southern Europe B) Central Europe C) Eastern Europe D) Northern Europe Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Religion Protestants account for half of all Christians in the United States. Where did most came from who arrived to the United States? A) Southern Europe B) Central Europe C) Eastern Europe D) Northern Europe Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/ Religion Which of the following eras played the most significant role in the secularization of Western societies? A) The Industrial Revolution B) The Enlightenment C) The Cold War D) The Renaissance Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Religion Which of the following eras played the most significant role in the secularization of Western societies? A) The Industrial Revolution B) The Enlightenment C) The Cold War D) The Renaissance Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/ Religion Quakers, Anglicans, and Congregationalists opposed: A) The Second Great Awakening B) The Federal Council of Churches C) The Great Awakening D) The National Council of the Churches of Christ Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Religion Quakers, Anglicans, and Congregationalists opposed: A) The Second Great Awakening B) The Federal Council of Churches C) The Great Awakening D) The National Council of the Churches of Christ Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/ Religion What are some denominations of the Christian Protestant church? A) Catholic and Jewish B) Jehovah's Witnesses and Presbyterians C) Scientology and Hare Krishna D) Methodist and Seventh-day Adventist Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Religion What are some denominations of the Christian Protestant church? A) Catholic and Jewish B) Jehovah's Witnesses and Presbyterians C) Scientology and Hare Krishna D) Methodist and Seventh-day Adventist Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Saylor OER. "Electives « Saylor.org – Free Online Courses Built by Professors." CC BY 3.0 http://www.saylor.org/majors/Electives/ Religion Prejudice against American Catholics was largely relieved by: A) an increase in immigrants from Mexico B) the founding of the nativist Know Nothing party C) an influx of Catholics between 1860 and 1890 D) the presidency of John F. Kennedy Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Religion Prejudice against American Catholics was largely relieved by: A) an increase in immigrants from Mexico B) the founding of the nativist Know Nothing party C) an influx of Catholics between 1860 and 1890 D) the presidency of John F. Kennedy Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/ Religion The contemporary American Jewish population is mostly: A) Ashkenazi B) Sephardic C) athiest D) merchants and shop owners Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Religion The contemporary American Jewish population is mostly: A) Ashkenazi B) Sephardic C) athiest D) merchants and shop owners Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/ Religion Many stories in the sacred text of Judaism are: A) referred to as the Apocrypha. B) oral traditions only because Judaism has no sacred text. C) no longer part of the Torah. D) shared by Christianity and Islam. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Religion Many stories in the sacred text of Judaism are: A) referred to as the Apocrypha. B) oral traditions only because Judaism has no sacred text. C) no longer part of the Torah. D) shared by Christianity and Islam. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Saylor OER. "Electives « Saylor.org – Free Online Courses Built by Professors." CC BY 3.0 http://www.saylor.org/majors/Electives/ Religion After 9/11: A) more immigrants who identify as Muslims arrived to the United States B) a new mosque was built at the site of the first Muslim mosque and cemetery in Ross, North Dakota C) 1/4 of the religious discrimination claims regarding employment were filed by Muslims D) all of these answers: Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Religion After 9/11: A) more immigrants who identify as Muslims arrived to the United States B) a new mosque was built at the site of the first Muslim mosque and cemetery in Ross, North Dakota C) 1/4 of the religious discrimination claims regarding employment were filed by Muslims D) all of these answers: Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/ Religion What do Christianity and Islam have in common? A) Both believe in a single supreme God. B) All of the answers C) Both share many of the same stories in their central religious texts. D) Both believe in an afterlife. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Religion What do Christianity and Islam have in common? A) Both believe in a single supreme God. B) All of the answers C) Both share many of the same stories in their central religious texts. D) Both believe in an afterlife. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Saylor OER. "Electives « Saylor.org – Free Online Courses Built by Professors." CC BY 3.0 http://www.saylor.org/majors/Electives/ Religion A nation is frought with high rates of homicide, STDs, teen pregnancies, and abortions. This nation is most likely: A) highly religious B) athiest C) European D) Episcopalian Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Religion A nation is frought with high rates of homicide, STDs, teen pregnancies, and abortions. This nation is most likely: A) highly religious B) athiest C) European D) Episcopalian Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/ Religion What makes American unique among developed nations when it comes to the role of religion in people's lives? A) the number of people who consider themselves Catholic B) The number of people who say that religion plays a very important role in their lives C) the number of people with church memberships D) the number of people who place money and career before religion in their lives Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Religion What makes American unique among developed nations when it comes to the role of religion in people's lives? A) the number of people who consider themselves Catholic B) The number of people who say that religion plays a very important role in their lives C) the number of people with church memberships D) the number of people who place money and career before religion in their lives Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/ Religion Attribution • Wikibooks. "Introduction to Sociology/Religion." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Sociology/Religion#Social-Conflict • Wiktionary. "status quo." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/status+quo • Wikipedia. "Sociology of religion." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociology_of_religion#Karl_Marx • Wikipedia. "Bourgeoisie." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bourgeoisie • Wiktionary. "status quo." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/status+quo • Wiktionary. "proletariat." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/proletariat • Wiktionary. "bourgeoisie." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bourgeoisie • Wikipedia. "Social inequality." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_inequality • Wikipedia. "Proletariat." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proletariat • Wikipedia. "Rituals." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rituals • Wiktionary. "ritual." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ritual • Wikipedia. "social function." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/social%20function • Wikipedia. "Religion in the United States." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_the_United_States • Wikipedia. "Separation of church and state in the United States." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States • Wikipedia. "Religious Organization." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious%20Organization • Wiktionary. "creed." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/creed • Wiktionary. "First Amendment." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/First+Amendment Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Religion • Wiktionary. "parish." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/parish • Wikipedia. "Catholicism in America." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholicism_in_America • Wikipedia. "Religion." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion • Wikipedia. "Religion." 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CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparative_religion • Wikipedia. "Christian symbolism." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_symbolism • Wikipedia. "Religious symbolism." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_symbolism • Wikipedia. "Universalism." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universalism • Wikipedia. "comparative religion." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/comparative%20religion • Wikipedia. "Universalist religion." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universalist_religion Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Religion • Wikipedia. "Cult." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cult • Wikipedia. "Mind control." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mind_control • Wiktionary. "ecclesia." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ecclesia • Wiktionary. "denomination." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/denomination • Wiktionary. "apostate." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/apostate • Wikipedia. "Polytheism." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polytheism • Wiktionary. "deity." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/deity • Wiktionary. "monotheism." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/monotheism • Wiktionary. "polytheism." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/polytheism • Wikipedia. "Pantheism." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantheism • Wikipedia. "Deity." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deity • Wikipedia. "Monotheism." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monotheism • Wikipedia. "Deism." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deism • Wikipedia. "Apotheosis." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apotheosis • Wikipedia. "Christianity in the United States." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity_in_the_United_States • Wiktionary. "evangelicalism." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/evangelicalism • Wikipedia. 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CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interdenominationalism • Wikipedia. "Religious denomination." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_denomination • Wikipedia. "Denominationalism." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denominationalism • Wikipedia. "Non-denominational." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-denominational • Wikipedia. "state churches." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/state%20churches • Wikipedia. "Invisible Church." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invisible%20Church • Wikipedia. "Christian Church." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Church • Wikipedia. "State church." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_church • Wikipedia. "Church (building)." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_(building) • Wikipedia. "Church." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church • Wiktionary. "assembly." 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