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PARTS OF
SPEECH
Through use in Alice in Wonderland
NOUNS
NOUNS
Copy the following definition: A noun is a person,
animal, event, place, thing, or idea. A sentence can
have many nouns.
Write the following examples; underline all nouns.
* The bell rang for class to begin.
* We watched the parade and noticed the balloons
flying through the sky.
* The general commanded the army to wait at the
hills, and his orders were obeyed.
NOUNS
* The bell rang for class to begin.
* We watched the parade and noticed the balloons
flying through the sky.
* The general commanded the army to wait at the
hills, and his orders were obeyed.
WE WILL APPLY WHAT WE KNOW ABOUT PARTS OF SPEECH
THROUGH A LOOK AT ALICE IN WONDERLAND
In the following passage, highlight all of the nouns
Alice was beginning to get very tired of sitting by her sister on the bank, and of
having nothing to do: once or twice she had peeped into the book her sister
was reading, but it had no pictures or conversations in it, `and what is the use
of a book,’ thought Alice `without pictures or conversation?’
So she was considering in her own mind (as well as she could, for the hot day
made her feel very sleepy and stupid), whether the joy of making a daisy-chain
would be worth the trouble of getting up and picking the daisies, when
suddenly a White Rabbit with pink eyes ran close by her.
WE WILL APPLY WHAT WE KNOW ABOUT PARTS OF SPEECH
THROUGH A LOOK AT ALICE IN WONDERLAND
In the following passage, highlight all of the nouns
Alice was beginning to get very tired of sitting by her sister on the bank, and of
having nothing to do: once or twice she had peeped into the book her sister
was reading, but it had no pictures or conversations in it, `and what is the use
of a book,’ thought Alice `without pictures or conversation?’
So she was considering in her own mind (as well as she could, for the hot day
made her feel very sleepy and stupid), whether the joy of making a daisy-chain
would be worth the trouble of getting up and picking the daisies, when
suddenly a White Rabbit with pink eyes ran close by her.
It’s okay if you highlighted pronouns,
too. We are going to talk specifically
about those after nouns!
NOUNS PART 2
NOUNS
Students write the following: A noun has many
functions, or jobs. A noun can function as a subject,
an object (object of the preposition, direct object,
indirect object), and a subject complement in a
sentence. We will spend time discussing all of these
parts of speech together, so don’t worry if you don’t
remember what these mean right now!
NOUNS
Draw this visual in the corner of your paper if it will
help you better remember the jobs that nouns have.
NOUNS
We will continue our reading of Alice in Wonderland. Again, underline all of the
nouns in the sentences.
There was nothing so VERY remarkable in that; nor did Alice think it so VERY
much out of the way to hear the Rabbit say to itself, `Oh dear! Oh dear! I shall
be late!’ (when she thought it over afterwards, it occurred to her that she ought
to have wondered at this, but at the time it all seemed quite natural); but when
the Rabbit actually TOOK A WATCH OUT OF ITS WAISTCOAT- POCKET,
and looked at it, and then hurried on, Alice started to her feet, for it flashed
across her mind that she had never before seen a rabbit with either a
waistcoat-pocket, or a watch to take out of it, and burning with curiosity, she
ran across the field after it, and fortunately was just in time to see it pop down
a large rabbit-hole under the hedge.
In another moment down went Alice after it, never
once considering how in the world she was to get
out again.
NOUNS
We will continue our reading of Alice in Wonderland. Again, underline all of the
nouns in the sentences.
There was nothing so VERY remarkable in that; nor did Alice think it so VERY
much out of the way to hear the Rabbit say to itself, `Oh dear! Oh dear! I shall
be late!’ (when she thought it over afterwards, it occurred to her that she ought
to have wondered at this, but at the time it all seemed quite natural); but when
the Rabbit actually TOOK A WATCH OUT OF ITS WAISTCOAT- POCKET,
and looked at it, and then hurried on, Alice started to her feet, for it flashed
across her mind that she had never before seen a rabbit with either a
waistcoat-pocket, or a watch to take out of it, and burning with curiosity, she
ran across the field after it, and fortunately was just in time to see it pop down
a large rabbit-hole under the hedge.
In another moment down went Alice after it, never
once considering how in the world she was to get
out again.
PRONOUNSSUBJECTIVE
PRONOUNS
Write down the following definition: A pronoun is a
word that takes the place of a noun. There are three
different types of pronouns: subjective, objective,
and possessive.
For subjective, the pronoun is the subject of the
sentence and performs the action; in other words, it
is doing something!
These are subjective pronouns: I, we, he, she, it,
they, you
You MUST memorize your pronouns!!!!!
PRONOUNS
Write down the examples; circle the pronouns
• Ellen was tired, so she went to sleep.
• You should always complete your homework.
• We wanted to see the elephant parade, but we
decided to go to the theatre instead.
Notice that in the first example, “she” is taking the
place of “Ellen.” Ellen is a proper noun. The noun
that a pronoun takes the place of is known as its
antecedent. Don’t forget this word! We’ll come back
to it.
PRONOUNS
Look at the following sentences that we have
already read from Alice in Wonderland. Highlight or
underline the subjective pronouns in these
sentences. Then, identify the antecedent.
1. …the Rabbit say to itself, `Oh dear! Oh dear! I
shall be late!’
2. …Alice started to her feet, for it flashed across
her mind that she had never before seen a rabbit
with either a waistcoat-pocket, or a watch
3. Alice was beginning to get very tired…once or
twice she had peeped into the book her sister was
reading, but it had no pictures or conversations…
PRONOUNS
Look at the following sentences that we have
already read from Alice in Wonderland. Highlight or
underline the subjective pronouns in these
sentences. Then, identify the antecedent.
1. …the Rabbit say to itself, `Oh dear! Oh dear! I shall be
late!’ Pronoun- I Antecedent- Rabbit
2. …Alice started to her feet, for it flashed across her mind
that she had never before seen a rabbit with either a
waistcoat-pocket, or a watch Pronoun- it; she Antecedentit doesn’t have a direct antecedent; Alice
3. Alice was beginning to get very tired…once or twice she
had peeped into the book her sister was reading, but it had
no pictures or conversations… Pronoun- she, it
Antecedent- Alice, book
PRONOUNSOBJECTIVE
PRONOUNS
Write down the definition: An objective pronoun acts as the
object of a sentence; in other words, it receives the action
of the subject.
REMEMBER: A pronoun takes the place of a noun. That’s
still true with these pronouns, too!
PRONOUNS
Huh?? Object? What does that even
mean?
Well, think about this popular idiomYou are the object of my affection.
That idiom means that as the object of
affection, you receive the love of that
subject.
That’s sweet, huh? That’s cuddle
language.
Maybe does “object” make more sense
now? It’s not doing an action; it’s
receiving an action.
PRONOUNS
Write down the objective pronouns: me, us,
him, her, it, them, you
Write down these examples:
* When Jake asked to play, Emily threw the
ball to him.
* Cousin Eldred gave me a brand new
trombone.
* Take a picture of her, not us!
Notice that “him” in the first example is taking
the place of “Jake.” Jake is then the
pronoun’s what? Antecedent!
PRONOUNS
Example from our continued reading of Alice in Wonderland.
Let’s take what we know about subjective and objective pronouns. Identify
the pronouns in each sentence. Then, write if those pronouns are
subjective (they are doing an action) or objective (they are receiving an
action). Be careful not to just rely on your lists of pronouns; notice that “it”
and “you” can be either subjective or objective!!
(1) The rabbit-hole went straight on like a tunnel for some way, and then
dipped suddenly down, so suddenly that Alice had not a moment to think
about stopping herself before she found herself falling down a very deep
well.
(2) Either the well was very deep, or she fell very slowly, for she had plenty
of time as she went down to look about her and to wonder what was going
to happen next. (3) First, she tried to look down and make out what she
was coming to, but it was too dark to see anything. (4) Then she looked at
the sides of the well and noticed that they were filled with cupboards and
book-shelves; here and there she saw maps and pictures hung upon pegs.
(5) She took down a jar from one of the shelves as she passed; it was
labelled `ORANGE MARMALADE’, but to her great disappointment it was
empty. (6) she did not like to drop the jar for fear of killing somebody, so
managed to put it into one of the cupboards as she fell past it.
PRONOUNS
(1) The rabbit-hole went straight on like a tunnel for some way, and then
dipped suddenly down, so suddenly that Alice had not a moment to think
about stopping herself before she found herself falling down a very deep
well.
(2) Either the well was very deep, or she fell very slowly, for she had plenty
of time as she went down to look about her and to wonder what was going
to happen next. (3) First, she tried to look down and make out what she
was coming to, but it was too dark to see anything. (4) Then she looked at
the sides of the well and noticed that they were filled with cupboards and
book-shelves; here and there she saw maps and pictures hung upon pegs.
(5) She took down a jar from one of the shelves as she passed; it was
labelled `ORANGE MARMALADE’, but to her great disappointment it was
empty. (6) she did not like to drop the jar for fear of killing somebody, so
managed to put it into one of the cupboards as she fell past it.
Antecedents in sentence (1):
Antecedents in sentence (2):
Antecedents in sentence (3):
Antecedents in sentence (4):
Antecedents in sentence (5):
Antecedents in sentence (6):
PRONOUNSPOSSESSIVE
PRONOUNS
Write down the following definition:
A possessive pronoun shows ownership; that means
that these pronouns show that the pronoun’s
antecedent possesses or owns something.
Write down the possessive pronouns. You MUST
memorize them: my, mine, our(s), his, her(s), its,
their(s), your(s)
Write down the examples; circle the possessive
pronouns.
1. Alice did not want to finish her book because she
was bored.
2. The rabbit loved his watch, especially its round
frame.
PRONOUNS
Write down the examples; circle the possessive
pronouns.
1. Alice did not want to finish her book because she
was bored.
2. The rabbit loved his watch, especially its round
frame.
BONUS: 1. Antecedent of her= Alice
2. Antecedent of his= rabbit; antecedent of its=watch
PRONOUNS
Let’s continue our reading of Alice in Wonderland. This time, there
aren’t many possessive pronouns. Remember, possessives own
something. Make sure you find pronouns that are possessive!
See if you can find the possessive pronouns in the paragraph
below!
Down, down, down. Would the fall NEVER come to an end! `I wonder
how many miles I’ve fallen by this time?’ she said aloud. `I must be
getting somewhere near the centre of the earth. Let me see: that would
be four thousand miles down, I think–‘ (for, you see, Alice had learnt
several things of this sort in her lessons in the schoolroom, and though
this was not a VERY good opportunity for showing off her knowledge,
as there was no one to listen to her, still it was good practice to say it
over) `–yes, that’s about the right distance–but then I wonder what
Latitude or Longitude I’ve got to?’ (Alice had no idea what Latitude was,
or Longitude either, but thought they were nice grand words to say.)
PRONOUNS
Down, down, down. Would the fall NEVER come to an end! `I
wonder how many miles I’ve fallen by this time?’ she said aloud. `I
must be getting somewhere near the centre of the earth. Let me
see: that would be four thousand miles down, I think–‘ (for, you see,
Alice had learnt several things of this sort in her lessons in the
schoolroom, and though this was not a VERY good opportunity for
showing off her knowledge, as there was no one to listen to her, still
it was good practice to say it over) `–yes, that’s about the right
distance–but then I wonder what Latitude or Longitude I’ve got to?’
(Alice had no idea what Latitude was, or Longitude either, but
thought they were nice grand words to say.)
PRONOUNSREVIEW
Let’s go through the passage again and find our subjective and
objective pronouns. Using a pink highlighter, highlight the subjective
pronouns; using a yellow highlighter, highlight the objective pronouns.
Down, down, down. Would the fall NEVER come to an end! `I wonder
how many miles I’ve fallen by this time?’ she said aloud. `I must be
getting somewhere near the centre of the earth. Let me see: that would
be four thousand miles down, I think–‘ (for, you see, Alice had learnt
several things of this sort in her lessons in the schoolroom, and though
this was not a VERY good opportunity for showing off her knowledge,
as there was no one to listen to her, still it was good practice to say it
over) `–yes, that’s about the right distance–but then I wonder what
Latitude or Longitude I’ve got to?’ (Alice had no idea what Latitude was,
or Longitude either, but thought they were nice grand words to say.)
PRONOUNSREVIEW
Down, down, down. Would the fall NEVER come to an end! `I wonder
how many miles I’ve fallen by this time?’ she said aloud. `I must be
getting somewhere near the centre of the earth. Let me see: that would
be four thousand miles down, I think–‘ (for, you see, Alice had learnt
several things of this sort in her lessons in the schoolroom, and though
this was not a VERY good opportunity for showing off her knowledge,
as there was no one to listen to her, still it was good practice to say it
over) `–yes, that’s about the right distance–but then I wonder what
Latitude or Longitude I’ve got to?’ (Alice had no idea what Latitude was,
or Longitude either, but thought they were nice grand words to say.)
NOUNS AND
PRONOUNS
REVIEW- THERE
WILL BE A QUIZ
NEXT BLOCK
NOUNS AND PRONOUNS
Look at the following examples. Identify and circle the nouns in each
sentence.
1. What is the use of a book,’ thought Alice `without pictures or
conversation?’
2. The White Rabbit sprinted through the woods after the clock showed
an unappealing time.
3. The Rabbit must have forgotten an important date; the tea party
would start soon.
Look at the following examples. Identify and circle the pronouns in each
sentence. Write down if the pronoun is subjective, objective, or
possessive.
4. The White Rabbit left his watch behind.
5. Alice could not believe that she had fallen down the rabbit hole.
6. Alice knew that the White Rabbit had given an odd look at her.
NOUNS AND PRONOUNS
Look at the following examples. Identify and circle the nouns in each
sentence.
1. What is the use of a book,’ thought Alice `without pictures or
conversation?’
2. The Rabbit sprinted through the woods after the clock showed an
unappealing time.
3. The Rabbit must have forgotten an important date; the tea party
would start soon.
Look at the following examples. Identify and circle the pronouns in each
sentence. Write down if the pronoun is subjective, objective, or
possessive.
4. The White Rabbit left his watch behind. Possessive
5. Alice could not believe that she had fallen down the rabbit hole.
Subjective
6. Alice knew that the White Rabbit had given an odd look at her.
Objective
WHAT ELSE
SHOULD I EXPECT
ON THE QUIZ?
• To write down all of your types of pronouns.
Subjective, objective, and possessive (Hey, I told
you to memorize them)
• To be able to identify a pronoun’s antecedent.
Remember that not all pronouns have direct
antecedents.
NOUNS AND
PRONOUNS QUIZ
VERBS
VERBS- ACTION
Every subject must have a verb. Verbs signify an
action that a subject is doing.
Write down the following examples; identify the
subject (noun) and verbs.
1. Theo's overworked computer exploded in a
spray of sparks.
2. My grumpy old history teacher smiled at the
plate of cold meatloaf.
3. The curious toddler popped a grasshopper into
her mouth.
VERBS- ACTION
Every subject must have a verb. Verbs signify an
action that a subject is doing.
Write down the following examples; identify the
subject (noun) and verbs.
1. Theo's overworked computer exploded in a
spray of sparks.
2. My grumpy old history teacher smiled at the
plate of cold meatloaf.
3. The curious toddler popped a grasshopper into
her mouth.
VERBS- ACTIONREVIEW
Consider the sentences that we have already read
in Alice in Wonderland. Identify the verbs in each
sentence. There may be more than one!
• `I wonder how many miles I’ve fallen by this
time?’ she said aloud.
• Then she looked at the sides of the well and
noticed that they were filled with cupboards and
book-shelves
• when the Rabbit actually TOOK A WATCH OUT
OF ITS WAISTCOAT- POCKET, and looked at it,
and then hurried on, Alice started to her feet
VERBS- ACTIONREVIEW
Consider the sentences that we have already read
in Alice in Wonderland. Identify the verbs in each
sentence. There may be more than one!
• `I wonder how many miles I’ve fallen by this
time?’ she said aloud.
• Then she looked at the sides of the well and
noticed that they were filled with cupboards and
book-shelves
• when the Rabbit actually TOOK A WATCH OUT
OF ITS WAISTCOAT- POCKET, and looked at it,
and then hurried on, Alice started to her feet
ACTION VERBS
CONTINUED
VERBS- ACTIONREVIEW
• Dance! Sing! Paint! Giggle! Chew! What are
these words doing? They are expressing
action, something that a person, animal, force
of nature, or thing can do. As a result, words
like these are called action verbs.
VERBS- ACTIONIf you are unsure whether a sentence contains an action verb or
not, look at every word in the sentence and ask yourself, "Is this
something that a person or thing can do?" Take this sentence,
for example:
During the summer, my poodle constantly pants and drools.
Can you during? Is during something you can do? Can you the? Is
there someone theing outside the window right now? Can you
summer? Do your obnoxious neighbors keep you up until 2 a.m.
because they are summering? Can you my? What does a person
do when she's mying? Can you poodle? Show me what poodling
is. Can you pant? Bingo! Sure you can! Run five miles and you'll
be panting. Can you and? Of course not! But can you drool? You
bet—although we don't need a demonstration of this ability. In the
sentence above, therefore, there are two action verbs: pant and
drool.
VERBS- ACTIONPractice- Independent
Come up with five sentences that contain action verbs. In two of
your five sentences, include a subject that is doing two actions just
like the example we just looked at together. Challenge: Can you
come up with a sentence that has three action verbs?
VERBS- LINKING
VERBS- LINKING-
• Linking verbs do not express action. Instead, they connect
the subject of a verb to additional information about the
subject.
• The following verbs are true linking verbs: any form of the
verb be -be, am, is, are, was, were, has been, are being,
might have been, become, and seem. These true linking
verbs are always linking verbs.
• Then you have a list of verbs with multiple personalities:
appear, feel, grow, look, prove, remain, smell, sound,
taste, and turn. Sometimes these verbs are linking verbs;
sometimes they are action verbs. Their function in a
sentence decides what you should call them.
VERBSLINKINGWrite down the following examples and identify the verbs in the
sentences:
• Godzilla appeared in the doorway, spooking me badly.
• The aroma of the grilled octopus smells appetizing.
• At restaurants, Rami always feels angry after waiting an hour
for a poor meal.
• After receiving another failing grade in algebra, Jose became
depressed.
VERBS- LINKINGWrite down the following examples and identify the verbs in the
sentences:
• Godzilla appeared in the doorway, spooking me badly.
• The aroma of the grilled octopus smells appetizing.
• At restaurants, Rami always feels angry after waiting an hour
for a poor meal.
• After receiving another failing grade in algebra, Jose
became depressed.
VERBS- LINKING
VS. ACTION
LINKING OR ACTION?
How do you tell when they are action verbs and when they
are linking verbs? If you can substitute am, is, or are for
the verb and the sentence still sounds logical, you have
a linking verb on your hands. But if, after the substitution,
the sentence makes no sense, you are dealing with an
action verb.
Write down the following examples. In the blank provided,
use the trick above and decide if the verb is action or linking!
1. Chris tasted the crunchy, honey-roasted peanuts.
2. The crunchy, honey-roasted peanuts tasted good.
3. I smell the delicious aroma of chocolate cake.
4. The aroma of the chocolate cake smells delicious.
LINKING OR ACTION?
Write down the following examples. In the blank provided,
use the trick above and decide if the verb is action or linking!
1. Chris tasted the crunchy, honey-roasted peanuts.
Action verb! (Chris is not a honey-roasted peanut.)
2. The crunchy, honey-roasted peanuts tasted good.
Linking verb! (The peanuts are good!)
3. I smell the delicious aroma of chocolate cake.
Action verb! (You are not a delicious aroma of chocolate
cake)
4. The aroma of the chocolate cake smells delicious.
Linking verb! (The cake is delicious ((or at least I think it
is; I haven’t had any (((parenthesis inception)))))
LINKING OR
ACTION
LINKING OR ACTION?
How can you tell if a verb is a linking verb or an action verb?
Explain in the space provided!!
REMEMBER
If a verb is using a being verb, it is automatically a
linking verb.
The following verbs are true linking verbs: any form
of the verb be -be, am, is, are, was, were, has
been, are being, might have been, become, and
seem. These true linking verbs are always linking
verbs.
LINKING OR ACTION?
Write down the following examples and circle the verbs. In
the blank provided, use the trick above and decide if the verb
is action or linking! #5 is tricky.
1. Brian was the last surfer in the water before the tidal
wave.
2. With his foot-long fingernails and sly smile, Big Foot
seemed threatening.
3. The giant squashed the dandelions with his huge fingers.
4. The lasagna in the refrigerator looks disgusting.
5. I tasted the old lasagna, and it was disgusting.
ACTION AND
LINKING VERBS
REVIEW- THERE
WILL BE A QUIZ
NEXT BLOCK
VERBS
Circle the verbs in each sentence
1. Mallory walked to school every day even though her
house is two miles from school.
2. I am tired of excuses. Just complete the work!
3. The bull threatened the evil matador in the dirty ring.
4. We are going to the fair whether it is raining or not!
5. Tristan ate all of the sandwiches at lunch, so we bought
snacks at the theatre.
VERBS
Circle the verbs in each sentence
1. Mallory walked to school every day even though her
house is two miles from school.
2. I am tired of excuses. Just complete the work!
3. The bull threatened the evil matador in the dirty ring.
4. We are going to the fair whether it rains or not!
5. Tristan ate all of the sandwiches at lunch, so we bought
snacks at the theatre.
ACTION OR LINKING
For each of the following sentences, circle the verb. Then, in
the space provided, write if the verb is action or linking.
1. The golden retriever trotted home after the vet visit.
2. Beethoven became a composer later in life.
3. The rude librarian stared at us with contempt.
4. Melissa looks sick.
5. Despite the mold, Lucille ate the sandwich.
6. Everyone is tired after that long trip.
ACTION OR LINKING
1. The golden retriever trotted home after the vet visit.
Action
2. Beethoven became a composer later in life. Linking
3. The rude librarian stared at us with contempt. Action
4. Melissa looks sick. Linking
5. Despite the mold, Lucille ate the sandwich. Action
6. Everyone is tired after that long trip. Linking
VERBS QUIZ
PREPOSITIONS
PREPOSITIONS
• A preposition precedes a noun (or a pronoun) to show
the noun's (or the pronoun's) relationship to another word
in the sentence.
• The noun that the preposition is describing is called the
object of a preposition, and it ends a prepositional
phrase. If there is a preposition, there will always be a
object of a preposition!
• Example: We traveled with a computer.
• “With” is the preposition in the sentence. “Computer” is the
noun after “with.” “Computer is the object of the
preposition.
HOW DO I TELL IF A WORD IS A
PREPOSITION?
• Use the “house” trick. While it’s not perfect,
ask yourself if you could place the word that
you think is a preposition next to “a house.” If
the word makes sense, you most likely have a
preposition.
• For instance “around” is a preposition. You
could say “around a house” and that makes
sense! Therefore, “around” is a preposition!
• But this doesn’t always work. “During” is
also a preposition. During a house makes no
sense at all.
WHAT ELSE DO I NEED TO KNOW ABOUT
PREPOSITIONS?
• Remember- prepositions are not verbs or
adjectives. They are words that tell more of a
relationship between a noun and another
word in the sentence, NOT an action or a
description of a noun.
• You must memorize your prepositions.
Don’t rely on the house trick! Prepositions
are extremely important!!
LET’S START WITH PREPOSITIONS THAT
BEGIN WITH “A”
Aboard, about, above, across, after, against, along,
among, around, at
Practice: Place your prepositional phrases in parenthesis.
Identify the object of each preposition in the prepositional
phrase!
1. That book is about the great wizard.
2. We journeyed across the river.
3. The journal is above the waste basket.
4. The team will meet at the gym after school.
LET’S START WITH PREPOSITIONS THAT
BEGIN WITH “A”
Practice: Write down the following sentences. Place your
prepositional phrases in parenthesis.
1. That book is (about the great wizard).
Wizard is the object of the preposition “about”
2. We journeyed (across the river).
River is the object of the preposition “across”
3. The journal is (above the waste basket).
Basket is the object of the preposition “above”
4. (After school), the team will meet (at the gym).
School is the object of the preposition “after”
Gym is the object of the preposition “at”
PREPOSITIONS
CONTINUED- BELL
WORK #16
REMEMBER
A preposition comes before a noun or a pronoun; that
noun or pronoun is the object of that particular preposition!
We are focused on our prepositions that start with a “b”
today: before, behind, below, beneath, beside, between,
beyond, but, by
Don’t forget: you MUST memorize your pronouns every
day!
“BUT” AS A PREPOSITION
Notice that “but” is a preposition. This word can also function
as a conjunction; therefore, the “but” must be showing a
relationship with a noun near it!
“But” as a conjunction: We were hungry, but we decided
to eat a late lunch.
“But” as a preposition: Everyone but Sally went to the
party.
PRACTICE
Place your prepositional phrases within parenthesis. Identify
the object of the preposition for each prepositional phrase.
1. Beyond the mall, there is a movie theatre across the
bay.
2. We wanted to buy snacks before the movie, but we
decided to wait until after the film.
3. I found your book bag by the water fountain even though
you said it was above Mrs. Grantham’s desk.
PRACTICE
Place your prepositional phrases within parenthesis. Identify
the object of the preposition for each prepositional phrase.
1. (Beyond the mall), there is a movie theatre (across the
bay).
2. We wanted to buy snacks (before the movie), but we
decided to wait (after the film).
3. I found your book bag (by the water fountain) even
though you said it was (above Mrs. Grantham’s desk).
PREPOSITIONS #17
PREPOSITIONS CONTINUED
Remember: Sometimes you can use the “house” trick to
help you identify prepositions. It’s important to remember to
not rely on this technique unless in an emergency. The best
thing to do is to memorize your prepositions!
Preposition focus for today- the prepositions in the “middle”:
Down, during, except, for, from, in, inside, into, like,
near, of, off, on, out, outside, over
PRACTICE
Place your prepositional phrases within parenthesis. Identify
the object of the preposition for each prepositional phrase.
1. The table of contents is found near the front of the book.
2. The geographical center of the United States is in
Kansas.
3. The box on the table should be delivered before lunch.
4. The bridge across the stream was destroyed.
5. A box of rusty nails was in the garage.
PREPOSITIONS #18
PREPOSITIONS
The focus for today will be the “end” prepositions: past,
since, through, throughout, to, toward, under,
underneath, until, up, upon, with, within, without.
IMPORTANT:
• Do not confuse the “to” as a preposition and infinitive
form (“to” plus a verb). Remember that the object of the
preposition will be a noun. For the infinitive form, the
equation is “to” plus a verb.
• Example: We traveled to grandmother’s house for
Thanksgiving. “To” as a preposition
• The last person to enter the room will be marked as
tardy. “To” as an infinitive
PRACTICE
Place your prepositional phrases within parenthesis. Identify
the object of the preposition for each prepositional phrase.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
We traveled through the tunnel and over the hills.
Without Sam, our trip will not be fun.
Did you look under the cabinet to find your shoe?
Take this paper to the office beyond the cafeteria.
We will wait until noon, but then we will leave.
PRACTICE
Place your prepositional phrases within parenthesis. Identify
the object of the preposition for each prepositional phrase.
1. We traveled (through the tunnel) and (over the hills).
2. (Without Sam), our trip will not be fun.
3. Did you look (under the cabinet) to find your shoe?
**To find is an infinitive phrase— “find” is a verb
4. Take this paper (to the office) (beyond the cafeteria).
5. We will wait (until noon), but then we will leave.
Preposition object of the preposition
PREPOSITIONS
REVIEW– YOU WILL
HAVE A QUIZ NEXT
CLASS MEETING!!!
PRACTICE
Place your prepositional phrases within parenthesis. Identify the
object of the preposition for each prepositional phrase.
1. We walked up the stairs and through the kitchen.
2. My uncle took a walk around the block to visit my brother.
3. Alicia looked under the bushes and by the lake but could not
find Aster’s shoes.
4. I took a nap before noon, so I feel rested enough to go to the
park.
5. At the mall, saw Martha across the lobby.
6. Until Saturday, there is a sale on markers.
7. We went into the haunted house.
8. Melissa stood beside the fall tree, and we took pictures under
the setting sun.
9. The criminals jumped onto the moving train.
10. At ten we all went to eat brunch.
WHAT ELSE DO I
NEED TO KNOW?
Your prepositions!!!!!!
BELL WORK # 20
PREPOSITIONS
QUIZ
BELL WORK # 21
SUBJECT/VERB
AGREEMENT
IMPORTANT!
• Subjects and verbs must agree in number.
• A singular (one noun) subject takes a singular verb,
which means that the verb will end in “s.”
• A plural (more than one noun) subject takes a plural
verb, which means that the verb will not end in an
added “s.”
• Example: The girl dances every night.
“Girl” is your subject. There is only one girl; therefore,
this subject is singular. The verb will take a verb that
ends in “s.” That’s why the verb here is “dances.”
IMPORTANT!
• Example 2: The boys dance every night.
• “Boys” is the subject. There is more than one boy,
which means that this subject is plural; therefore, the
verb does not have the added “s.” The verb is “dance”
with no “s” added.
PRACTICE
• Practice: For the following sentences, circle the correct
verb. Remember, if the subject is singular, you will add
an “s” to that verb; if the subject is plural, you will not
add an “s.”
1. The children (runs/run) to the fair every October.
2. My sister (gives/give) me her fruit at lunch every day.
3. She always (sings/sing) that one song for Christmas.
4. He (takes/take) pride in his work.
5. Jordan (fishes/fish) for salmon in that stream.
6. They (is/are) hungry and thirsty.
7. The peaches (was/were) sitting in the truck bed.
8. His uncles (goes/go) to the hospital for treatments.
PRACTICE
• Practice: For the following sentences, circle the correct
verb. Remember, if the subject is singular, you will add
an “s” to that verb; if the subject is plural, you will not
add an “s.”
1. The children (runs/run) to the fair every October.
2. My sister (gives/give) me her fruit at lunch every day.
3. She always (sings/sing) that one song for Christmas.
4. He (takes/take) pride in his work.
5. Jordan (fishes/fish) for salmon in that stream.
6. They (is/are) hungry and thirsty.
7. The peaches (was/were) sitting in the truck bed.
8. His uncle (goes/go) to the hospital for treatments.
BELL WORK #22:
SUBJECT/VERB
AGREEMENT
“YOU” IS ALWAYS PLURAL!
• No matter what, make sure that you use “you” as a
plural subject and take a plural verb!
Example: If you practice, you win!
Notice how the verbs “practice” and “win” do not have
the added “s.” That’s because “you” is a plural subject.
PRACTICE
• Practice: For the following sentences, circle the correct verb.
Remember, if the subject is singular, you will add an “s” to
that verb; if the subject is plural, you will not add an “s.”
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
His parents (owns/own) two expensive cars.
Marilyn (does/do) not know the answer.
You (speaks/speak) well.
Jeremy and John (has/have) been friends for a while.
Their hamster (hides/hide) under the shavings.
The girl (walks/walk) home every day.
The cats (plays/play) with the yarn.
Melissa (writes/write) long essays
You (is/are) late from practice.
PRACTICE
• Practice: For the following sentences, circle the correct verb.
Remember, if the subject is singular, you will add an “s” to
that verb; if the subject is plural, you will not add an “s.”
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
His parents (owns/own) two expensive cars.
Marilyn (does/do) not know the answer.
You (speaks/speak) well.
Jeremy and John (has/have) been friends for a while.
Their hamster (hides/hide) under the shavings.
The girl (walks/walk) home every day.
The cats (plays/play) with the yarn.
Melissa (writes/write) long essays
You (is/are) late from practice.
BELL WORK #23:
SUBJECT/VERB
AGREEMENT AND
PREPOSITIONS
BE CAREFUL WITH PREPOSITIONS
• Be careful- Don’t confuse the object of a
prepositional phrase as a subject!!
• The subject will NEVER be found in a prepositional
phrase!!
Example: One of my friends is going to the party.
In this example, “one” is the subject of the sentence, not
“friends.” Therefore, since “one” is singular, “is” is the
verb to choose.
Hint: To help yourself, find all prepositional phrases
before ever selecting a subject!!
PRACTICE
• Practice: For the following sentences, put parenthesis around
prepositional phrases. Then, determine the subject and circle
the correct verb.
1. The tiles in the bathroom (is/are) broken.
2. Which survey about celebrities (was/were) your
favorite?
3. The notes from Johnny (has/have) been found in the
drawer.
4. The spoons in the cabinet (was/were) bent.
5. Out from the stalls (runs/run) the little pony.
6. My love of stamps (keeps/keep) me busy.
7. The pieces of furniture (is/are) antique.
8. Most members of her family (is/are) strange.
PRACTICE
• Practice: For the following sentences, put parenthesis around
prepositional phrases. Then, determine the subject and circle
the correct verb.
1. The tiles (in the bathroom) (is/are) broken.
2. Which survey (about celebrities) (was/were) your
favorite?
3. The notes (from Johnny) (has/have) been found in
the drawer.
4. The spoons (in the cabinet) (was/were) bent.
5. (Out from the stalls) (runs/run) the little pony.
6. My love (of stamps) (keeps/keep) me busy.
7. The pieces (of furniture) (is/are) antique.
8. Most members (of her family) (is/are) strange.
BELL WORK
#24SUBJECT/VERB
AGREEMENT:
SUBJECT
PLACEMENT
SUBJECTS CAN BE ANYWHERE
• Remember: A subject does not have to appear at the
beginning of a sentence.
• For instance, a phrase may come at the beginning of
a sentence: Behind the cellar door was a kitten.
• If there’s a question, the verb can come before the
subject: Does Rose believe in Bigfoot?
• If a sentence begins with “here” or “there,” the
subject will appear after the verb: Here comes the sun.
PRACTICE
• Practice: For the following sentences, put parenthesis around
prepositional phrases first. Then, determine the subject and
circle the correct verb.
1. There (was/were) ten gifts left (in the basket).
2. Down (in the jungle) (was/were) two swings.
3. Why (was/were) the toddler left alone (on the
playground)?
4. Here (comes/come) the band leader.
5. (Does/Do) you have any shelter (for the night)?
6. There (is/are) a fall festival this week.
7. (Among the people) (is/are) young Joseph.
BELL WORK #25
SUBJECT/VERB
AGREEMENT:
AND/OR
AND/ OR
• Subjects joined by “and” take a plural verb!
Example: Mary and Joseph left their home.
• For subjects joined by “or” or “nor,” the reader must
look at the subject closest to the verb to determine if
the verb is singular or plural.
Examples:
Either a fireman or a police officer checks on the
widow.
Neither the conductor not the flute players feel ready
for the concert.
PRACTICE
• Practice: For the following sentences, put parenthesis around
prepositional phrases first. Then, determine the subject and
circle the correct verb.
1. The mayor and his brothers (is/are) going to jail.
2. Either my father or my sisters (is/are) going to sell the
house.
3. (Is/Are) Mary’s aunt responsible for the barn burning?
4. You and I (knows/know) the truth.
5. Neither Jasmine nor James (eats/eat) raspberries.
6. The lies from last night (keeps/keep) Madeline
guessing.
7. She and her sibling (carries/carry) that burden.
8. Either my mom or my dad (washes/wash) the dishes.
PRACTICE
• Practice: For the following sentences, put parenthesis around
prepositional phrases first. Then, determine the subject and
circle the correct verb.
1. The mayor and his brothers (is/are) going to jail.
2. Either my father or my sisters (is/are) going to sell the
house.
3. (Is/Are) Mary’s aunt responsible for the barn burning?
4. You and I (knows/know) the truth.
5. Neither Jasmine nor James (eats/eat) raspberries.
6. The lies from last night (keeps/keep) Madeline
guessing.
7. She and her sibling (carries/carry) that burden.
8. Either my mom or my dad (washes/wash) the dishes.
BELL WORK #26
SUBJECT/VERB
AGREEMENT:
INDEFINITE
PRONOUNS
INDEFINITE PRONOUNS
• An indefinite pronoun is a pronoun that does not
have a clear reference (antecedent). Some of these
pronouns can be singular, some plural, and some
either singular or plural.
• For those that are singular or plural, you must look at
the object of the preposition to determine if that
pronoun is singular or plural.
INDEFINITE PRONOUNS
• The following pronouns are always singular:
Anybody, anyone, anything, each, either,
everybody, everyone, everything, neither, nobody,
no one, one, someone, something, somebody.
• The following pronouns are always plural: Both, few,
many, several
• The following pronouns can be singular or plural: All,
any, none, more, most, some
You must MEMORIZE your indefinite
pronouns!!
PRACTICE
• Practice: For the following sentences, put parenthesis around
prepositional phrases first. Then, determine the subject and
circle the correct verb.
1. Most of our trip (is/are) over.
2. Several of the cars (is/are) black.
3. Some of the movies (was/were) about Lincoln.
4. Last Thursday, everyone (was/were) painting.
5. Anybody (is/are) welcome to the dinner show.
6. None of the carrots (was/were) ready for harvest.
7. All of the boys (runs/run) on the track after school.
8. Something (eats/eat) our corn at night.
9. Few (attends/attend) the opening ceremony.
10.Both (jumps/jump) at the same time.
PRACTICE
• Practice: For the following sentences, put parenthesis around
prepositional phrases first. Then, determine the subject and
circle the correct verb.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Most (of our trip) (is/are) over.
Several (of the cars) (is/are) black.
Some (of the movies) (was/were) about Lincoln.
Last Thursday, everyone (was/were) painting.
Anybody (is/are) welcome to the dinner show.
None (of the carrots) (was/were) ready (for harvest).
All (of the boys) (runs/run) (on the track) (after
school).
8. Something (eats/eat) our corn (at night).
9. Few (attends/attend) the opening ceremony.
10.Both (jumps/jump) (at the same time).
BELL WORK #27
SUBJECT/VERB
AGREEMENT
REVIEW (YOU WILL
HAVE A QUIZ NEXT
CLASS)
REVIEW
• Practice: For the following sentences, put parenthesis around
prepositional phrases first. Then, determine the subject and
circle the correct verb.
1. Someone from the Humane Society (is/are) here to see you.
2. The issue of nuclear peace and nuclear holocaust (was/
were) of paramount importance at the conference.
3. Everyone visiting Tanzania and Kenya (wants/want) to see a
game preserve.
4. All of the teachers at my school (is, are) in favor of the new
schedule.
5. The natives believe that either smoke or fire (drives/drive)
away evil spirits.
6. An apple or a few cookies usually (eases/ease) my hunger
after work
7. Where (is, are) the father and his two sons going?
REVIEW
8. None of the men (has/have) signed their contracts yet.
9. After the game the team (was/were) taking off their uniforms.
10. The robbers discovered that some of their loot (was/were)
missing
11. Neither my friend nor I (am/is) ready for the examination.
12. Neither freckles nor his friends (is/are) planning to go on the
hike.
13. The buddies of Jeremy (is/are) going on the trip.
14. Away in a manger (rests/rest) the little baby.
15. We (loves/love) going out for ice cream.
REVIEW
1. Someone (from the Humane Society) (is/are) here to see
you.
2. The issue (of nuclear peace and nuclear holocaust) (was/
were) (of paramount importance) (at the conference).
3. Everyone visiting Tanzania and Kenya (wants/want) to see a
game preserve.
4. All (of the teachers) (at my school) (is, are) in favor of the
new schedule.
5. The natives believe that either smoke or fire (drives/drive)
away evil spirits.
6. An apple or a few cookies usually (eases/ease) my hunger
after work
7. Where (is, are) the father and his two sons going?
.
REVIEW
8. None (of the men) (has/have) signed their contracts yet.
9. (After the game) the team (was/were) taking off their
uniforms.
10. The robbers discovered that some (of their loot) (was/were)
missing.
11. Neither my friend nor I (am/is) ready (for the examination).
12. Neither freckles nor his friends (is/are) planning to go (on
the hike).
13. The buddies (of Jeremy) (is/are) going on the trip.
14. (Away in a manger) (rests/rest) the little baby.
15. We (loves/love) going out (for ice cream).
WHAT DO I NEED
TO STUDY?
• S/V Agreement Bell Work #s 21-27
• All rules pertaining to S/V Agreement
• Memorize your indefinite pronouns!
BELL WORK #28:
SUBJECT VERB
AGREEMENT QUIZ