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Transcript
22-4 & 22-5 Seed Plants Seed Plants • Divided into two groups: – Gymnosperms – have seeds directly on surfaces of cones – Angiosperms – have seeds within a layer of tissue that protects the seeds • Also called “flowering plants” Seed Plants • Why are they the most dominant plants on land? – Unlike bryophytes (mosses) and ferns, seed plants don’t require H2O to reproduce – As a result, seed plants can live just about anywhere, wet or dry! Seed Plants • Adaptations that allow seed plants to reproduce without water include: – Protection of embryos in seeds • Seed-containing structures: cones (gymnosperms) and flowers (angiosperms) – Transfer of sperm by pollination The seed • Seed – embryo of plant encased in a protective covering (seed coat) and surrounded by a food supply Tough Seeds • Seeds can survive long periods of bitter cold, extreme heat and even drought by only continuing to grow when conditions are more ideal – example: Desert Paintbrush (Castilleja chromosa) Pollination • Pollen grain: entire male gametophyte (sperm) • Pollination: transfer of pollen from male sex structure to female sex structure – by water, wind, insects, or small animals Gymnosperms – “naked seed” • • • • Produce seeds that are exposed Cone-bearing plants Oldest surviving seed plants Include conifers (ex. pine trees), cycads and ginkgoes Angiosperms – “enclosed seed” • Flower and fruit production are evolutionary advantage • Flowers – Attract pollinators – Contain ovaries which surround/protect seeds • Ovaries develop into fruit • Fruit – Protects the seeds – Helps spread seeds (remember the “Seedy Side of Seeds”?) The 2 Classes of Angiosperms • Monocots: embryo has one seed leaf (cotyledon) – Examples: corn, orchids and palms • Dicots: embryo has two seed leaves (cotyledons) – Examples: roses, tomatoes, and oaks • ** They have many differences… Monocot/Dicot Table • Use same piece of paper you used for the “Alternation of Generation” drawing • In 2 squares underneath the “Alt. of Gen.” drawing, you will draw figure 22-25 on p.570 of “Biology” textbook • Include: all headings for rows and columns, all descriptions and color all drawings