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August 18, 2008 1. What is Democracy? 2. What is the most common form of govt in the world today? 3. What type of govt do we have in the United States? 4. What religion has the most people in it throughout the world? 5. What religion is based on the teachings of the prophet Muhammad? Ancient Greece Prologue, Section 1 Greek Religion Polytheistic: Belief in many gods Temples, were both: Places of worship Tributes to the gods City-states worshipped different gods Athens – Athena (Wisdom) Sparta – Nike (Victory) Government = system for controlling society Many types of Govt.: 1. 2. 3. 4. Monarchy: single person rules with total power Aristocracy: government ruled by group of nobles families Oligarchy: government ruled by a few powerful people Democracy: rule of the people at large Comes from—Demos meaning people, and Kratos meaning power Athens Builds a Limited Democracy 2000 BC Greeks est. small city-state, each ran by its own government Athenian Democracy Athens Largest city-state in Greece Est. first known democracy Only “citizens” participated in government Greek Citizen Citizens were: Adult 2. Male 3. Land-owning 1. Elected nobles to run city-state Solon 594 BC: Est. class system of citizenship Based on wealth, not family: 1. 2. 3. 4. Three highest classes hold office All classes can vote Anyone can bring charges against anyone All free males were citizens Solon 630-560 BC Cleisthenes 508 BC: “Founder of Democracy in Athens” Balance power between rich and poor All citizens can submit laws for debate Council of 500 Members chosen at random from ALL citizens Duty of individual to serve Cleisthenes Pericles Strengthens Democracy Increased paid public officials Paid jurors: people who participated in trials Assembly dissolved Athens now DIRECT DEMOCRACY: No elected officials Citizens make vote on all laws Pericles 461—429 BC Greek Philosophers Use Reason 300 BC Men use logic/reason to explain universe: 1. 2. Universe is put together in orderly way, w/absolute laws People can write/understand laws using logic and reason Socrates 470 BC Father of Philosophy Students examine their beliefs Use Socratic Method to enhance ability to reason Ask more questions for student to arrive at answer Wrapping Up Write three things you learned today that you didn’t know before What Who Characteristics Aristocracy Ruled by the nobility Titles passed on by heredity , social rank and wealth important Autocracy Rule by single individual Despot, tyrant, dictator Democracy Rule by the people Direct – everyone votes on everything Representative – vote to have someone vote for you Despotism/Tyrant Single person rules Not nice, absolute power Dictatorship Single person rules Leadership unrestricted by laws or a constitution Monarchy Single person rules, king Absolute –all the power Constitutional – must follow the rules Oligarchy Rule by the Few -based on wealth and ability -small group rules Single Party State One Party Rules Nazis or Communists Red – Countries who are not democratic Blue – Countries who claim to be democratic Green – completely free Red – not free Tan – partly free