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16) ARTIFICIAL SELECTION – The process by which humans breed other animals and plants for particular traits (aka selective breeding). 15) a) HEREDITY: Passing of traits from parent to offspring. b) GENETICS: The study of how traits are inherited. 17) EXTINCTION: The death and disappearance of a species. The fossil record shows that extinctions have been frequent in the history of life. Mass extinctions refer to the loss of a large number of species in a relatively short period of time. Episodes of mass extinction occur at times of rapid global environmental change; five such events are known from the fossil record of the past 600 million years. Human activity is causing extinctions on a scale comparable to the mass extinctions in the fossil record. 18) Gregor Mendel – Born1822. The founder of modern genetics. Mendel’s experiments uncovered two principals in the science of heredity: • Two factors determine traits • Factors can be dominant or recessive Arthropods can be divided into five major groups, each with its own distinctive characteristics. The Cambrian explosion From about 570 to 530 million years ago, an evolutionary burst of life forms occurred, often referred to as the "Cambrian Explosion." This marks an important point in the history of life on earth, as most of the major lineages of animals got their starts during the Cambrian Period and have been evolving ever since. If we wound the clock back a little more than half a billion years to the Cambrian, we would find that life then was different from life today: • All life was aquatic. • Most life was relatively small. • Many animals had unusual body layouts. Many Cambrian animals seem bizarre at first glance, but are actually members of groups that are still around today — such as the arthropods. Is Sanctacaris an Arthropod? Is Opabinia an Arthropod? Is Hallucigenia an Arthropod? Is Naraola an Arthropod? 1) Bilateral symmetry, Segmented body Hard exoskeleton Jointed limbs Many legs The four requirements of artificial selection/selective breeding = VIST The four requirements of artificial selection/selective breeding = VIST The four requirements of artificial selection/selective breeding = VIST The four requirements of artificial selection/selective breeding = VIST In your notebook - write a short summary paragraph about the process of artificial selection using the four VIST words: Variation Inheritance Selection Time "You have been contacted by several farmers that want dogs that would be useful for controlling small rodents such as mice that tend to eat their stored crops in their granaries. These rodents often hide among the stacks of grain, invisible to those trying to find them. The granaries are often kept at very warm temperatures." "You have been contacted by several farmers that want dogs that would be useful for controlling small rodents such as mice that tend to eat their stored crops in their granaries. These rodents often hide among the stacks of grain, invisible to those trying to find them. The granaries are often kept at very warm temperatures." Use blank paper to draw one of the resulting puppies (draw how it would look as an adult) When finished: Are the puppies identical? Group drawings according to parents. Variation will depend on which parents were chosen and traits randomly that were selected. A Dog For Retrieving Waterfowl Dog type 1 X Dog type 2 Drawing Our mixed breed has the following physical and behavioral features that will help it succeed in retrieving waterfowl: list one, list another, and another, keep going, … Nucleus DNA Chromosomes Paired alleles Genes Genotype Phenotype Dominant Recessive Chromosomes Chromosome Gene Nucleus Allele 18) Gregor Mendel – Born1822. The founder of modern genetics. Mendel’s experiments uncovered two principals in the science of heredity: • Two factors determine traits • Factors can be dominant or recessive 18) Gregor Mendel – Born1822. The founder of modern genetics. Mendel’s experiments uncovered two principals in the science of heredity: • Two factors determine traits • Factors can be dominant or recessive