Download 16) ARTIFICIAL SELECTION – The process by which humans breed

16) ARTIFICIAL SELECTION – The process by which humans
breed other animals and plants for particular traits (aka
selective breeding).
15) a) HEREDITY: Passing of traits from parent to offspring.
b) GENETICS: The study of how traits are inherited.
17) EXTINCTION: The death and disappearance of a species.
The fossil record shows that extinctions have been frequent in
the history of life. Mass extinctions refer to the loss of a large number of
species in a relatively short period of time. Episodes of mass extinction
occur at times of rapid global environmental change; five such events are
known from the fossil record of the past 600 million years. Human
activity is causing extinctions on a scale comparable to the
mass extinctions in the fossil record.
18)  Gregor Mendel – Born1822. The founder of modern
genetics. Mendel’s experiments uncovered two principals
in the science of heredity:
•  Two factors determine traits
•  Factors can be dominant or recessive
Arthropods can be divided into five major groups,
each with its own distinctive characteristics.
The Cambrian explosion
From about 570 to 530 million years ago, an evolutionary burst of life forms
occurred, often referred to as the "Cambrian Explosion." This marks an important
point in the history of life on earth, as most of the major lineages of animals got
their starts during the Cambrian Period and have been evolving ever since. If we
wound the clock back a little more than half a billion years to the Cambrian, we
would find that life then was different from life today:
• All life was aquatic.
• Most life was relatively small.
• Many animals had unusual body layouts.
Many Cambrian animals seem bizarre at first glance, but are actually members of
groups that are still around today — such as the arthropods.
Is Sanctacaris an Arthropod?
Is Opabinia an Arthropod?
Is Hallucigenia an Arthropod?
Is Naraola an Arthropod?
1)  Bilateral symmetry,
Segmented body
Hard exoskeleton
Jointed limbs
Many legs
The four requirements of artificial selection/selective breeding = VIST
The four requirements of artificial selection/selective breeding = VIST
The four requirements of artificial selection/selective breeding = VIST
The four requirements of artificial selection/selective breeding = VIST
In your notebook - write a short summary paragraph about the
process of artificial selection using the four VIST words:
Variation
Inheritance
Selection
Time
"You have been contacted by several farmers that want dogs that would be
useful for controlling small rodents such as mice that tend to eat their stored
crops in their granaries. These rodents often hide among the stacks of grain,
invisible to those trying to find them. The granaries are often kept at very warm
temperatures."
"You have been contacted by several farmers that want dogs that would be
useful for controlling small rodents such as mice that tend to eat their stored
crops in their granaries. These rodents often hide among the stacks of grain,
invisible to those trying to find them. The granaries are often kept at very warm
temperatures."
Use blank paper to draw one of the resulting
puppies (draw how it would look as an adult)
When finished: Are the puppies identical?
Group drawings according to parents.
Variation will depend on which parents were
chosen and traits randomly that were selected.
A Dog For Retrieving Waterfowl
Dog type 1 X Dog type 2
Drawing
Our mixed breed has the following physical and behavioral features that
will help it succeed in retrieving waterfowl: list one, list another, and
another, keep going, …
Nucleus
DNA
Chromosomes
Paired alleles
Genes
Genotype
Phenotype
Dominant
Recessive
Chromosomes
Chromosome
Gene
Nucleus
Allele
18)  Gregor Mendel – Born1822. The founder of modern
genetics. Mendel’s experiments uncovered two principals
in the science of heredity:
•  Two factors determine traits
•  Factors can be dominant or recessive
18)  Gregor Mendel – Born1822. The founder of modern
genetics. Mendel’s experiments uncovered two principals
in the science of heredity:
•  Two factors determine traits
•  Factors can be dominant or recessive