Download Chapter 15 Review Worksheet - TJ

Name
Period
CHAPTER 15 REVIEW WORKSHEET
Part 1 – Short Answer
(Make sure to explain your answers fully).
Use the following information to answer questions 1-5
Year
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
# of Species 1
180
184
179
127
104
75
20
0
# of Species 2
150
175
185
221
256
312
335
400
# of Species 3
205
212
225
190
208
210
222
202
1. Describe what the data above indicates about each species.
2. Sketch a line graph diagramming the data on the next page. Provide a key (legend) for your graph.
3. What species was best able to adapt? Explain your reasoning.
4. Which species was least able to adapt? Explain your reasoning.
5. What do you predict will happen in the next five years? Explain your reasoning.
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Part 2 – Multiple Choice
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(Choose the best answer.)
6. Which of the following statements about fossils is not true?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Fossils found in the deepest rock layers are more ancient than those in the upper strata.
Fossils always appear in chronological order in rock layers.
All vertebrates appear in fossil record at the same time.
There are some gaps in fossil records.
7. The idea that populations produce more offspring than their environment can support was
derived from the works of
A.
B.
C.
D.
Jean Lamarck
Charles Darwin
Gregor Mendel
Thomas Malthus
8. Which of the following processes was proposed by Charles Darwin as the mechanism of
evolution?
A.
B.
C.
D.
natural selection
artificial selection
artificial insemination
inheritance of acquired characteristics
Use the following information to answer the next question.
According to one of the theories of evolution, if a horse acquires large and strong muscles during
its lifetime these muscles will be passed on to its offspring.
9. The scientist that made a theory based on the above assumption, and the name of the theory,
respectively, is
A.
B.
C.
D.
Darwin, natural selection
Cuvier, adaptive radiation
Linnaeus, binomial nomenclature
Lamarck, inheritance of acquired characteristics
10. The wings of birds and bats perform the same function and are an example of
A.
B.
C.
D.
homologous organs
rudimentary organs
analogous organs
vestigial organs
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11. What is required for natural selection to occur?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Differences within a species
Differences between a species
No change in environmental conditions
Some artificial means of selecting traits
12. Two species arise from a common ancestor. The process that has occurred is
A.
B.
C.
D.
coevolution
descent with modification
natural selection
artificial selection
13. Which of the following is considered to be an evolutionary adaptation?
A.
B.
C.
D.
the ability of plants found near iron deposits to grow in soil enriched with iron
increased flexibility obtained through repeated stretching
larger muscles acquired through rigorous exercise
darker skin obtained through sun exposure
14. Evolution is defined as
A. the ability of an organism to survive changing environmental conditions
B. newer forms arise from slight modifications in previous ancestors due to natural
selection
C. the ability of an organism to adapt to its environment
D. the morphology of an organism
15. Great similarities between species implies
A.
B.
C.
D.
recent common ancestor
remote common ancestor
successful reproduction
extinction
16. Features that were useful in ancestors but are no longer useful are called
A.
B.
C.
D.
analogous features
vestigial features
homologous features
favorable traits
Use the following information to answer the next question.
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Observation 1: Two colourless micro-organisms placed in the solution give rise, by sexual
reproduction, to 100 000 micro-organisms in 7 days. A pair of these descendants also give rise to
100 000 micro-organisms in 7 days if placed in a fresh solution.
Observation 2: The individuals in the population differ slightly in size, colour, and shape.
Observation 3: After several weeks in one solution, the proportion of green individuals in the
population increases.
17. The most likely explanation for Observation 3 is that
A.
B.
C.
D.
some traits are environmentally controlled
the green individuals had a survival advantage
the rate of mutation is greater in large populations
the experiment did not work the way it was supposed to
18. Which field of research provides evidence that supports Darwin’s Theory of Evolution?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Embryology
Molecular biology
Paleontology
All of the above
None of the above
19. Differences in reproductive success is
A.
B.
C.
D.
an acquired trait
adaptive radiation
natural selection
coevolution
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20. Below is a series of pictures representing changes in a population of cacti. Pictures 1 and 2 show
what happened when a deer came to eat, picture 3 shows the cacti a few weeks later (notice the
flowers on the right-hand cactus), and picture 4 shows the situation a few months later.
1
2
3
4
Recall that the three conditions listed below are necessary for natural selection to take place.
a. Differences in characteristics within the population: In picture 1, what is the main difference
between the cactus on the left and the cactus on the right?
b. Differences in survival and reproduction, fitness: Why would a deer be more likely to eat the
cactus on the left than the cactus on the right?
What effect does the deer's behavior have on the survival and reproduction of these two types of
cactus?
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c. Heritability of characteristics from parent to offspring: The difference between the cacti is
a heritable characteristic (see pic 4).
Do you think that evolution by natural selection is occurring in this cactus population? Explain
why or why not.
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