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THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 1 CELLS, CELLULAR RESPIRATION, DISEASES AND CURES ALESSANDRO BIESUZ, DAVIDE CORRADIN, SAMUELE D’ASSERO BIESUZ, ANDREA SIVIERO 2L LICEO DELLE SCIENZE APPLICATE 2014 – 2015 CLIL PROJECT PROFF. ROSSELLA COPPOLA (SCIENZE), STEFANO PARISI (INGLESE) 2 THE CELLS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM DAVIDE CORRADIN The Respiratory System The respiratory system is a biological system consisting in specific organs and structures used for the process of respiration in an organism. The respiratory system is involved in the intake and exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between an organism and the environment. The respiration takes place in the respiratory organs called lungs. The passage of air into the lungs to supply the body with oxygen is known as inhalation and the passage of air out of the lungs to expel carbon dioxide is known as exhalation. 3 The structure of the respiratory system In humans and other mammals, the anatomical features of the respiratory system include trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs, and diaphragm. Molecules of oxygen and carbon dioxide are passively exchanged, by diffusion, between the gaseous external environment and the blood. This exchange process occurs in the alveoli air sacs in the lungs. 4 The pulmonary alveoli The pulmonary alveoli (alveolus, sing) are the basic cells of the lungs. Each alveolus is formed by two different types of specialized cells. These cells are easily crossed by gases and that is why the exchange between blood and air is quite simple. 5 Structure of the pulmonary alveoli Each alveolus is formed by a layer of epithelium formed from two different cells (I and II type cells). Most of the alveolar epithelium is formed by cells of type I. In the alveoli there are also immune cells. 6 7 THE CELLULAR RESPIRATION SAMUELE D’ASSERO •The cellular respiration is a part of the lungs respiration. 8 photosyntesis •The cellular respiration happens in mithocondrius. •It allows to create new energy for the cell. autotrophic living beings begins a part of a cycle with chlorophyllian photosyntesis. Refuse of cell respiration H2O and CO2 glucose •In Cell respiration glycolysis Mitochondria and chloroplasts Mitochondria and chloroplasts are two organelles in the vegetables cells and animal cells. They both have the same function: the production of energy. 9 Glycolysis Glycolysis is a fundamental process to make possible the cell respiration, in fact glycolysis provides a lot of simple molecules that will be necessary for the raction that will produce energy. 10 Cellular respiration can be summarized in an equation: C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP Thanks to this equation we can understand how energy is produced in our cells. 11 12 RESPIRATORY DESEASE ALESSANDRO BIESUZ Genetic and Bacterial RESPIRATORY DISEASES CYSTIC FIBROSIS Cystic fibrosis is a recessive genetic origin disease. It’s the most common fatal inherited genetic disease in Caucasians. It’s caused by a mutation of CFTR gene on the 7th chromosome. It causes discomfort of respiratory tract, like dysphagia and asthma 13 TUBERCULOSIS Tuberculosis, abbreviated TBC, is an infectious disease caused by different strains of mycobacteria. It’s caused by a bacterium, the Koch Bacillus (BK) or Mycobatterium tuberculosis. It usually attacks the lungs and causes extensive scarring in the upper lobes of the lungs. 14 15 GENE THERAPY ANDREA SIVIERO GENE THERAPY 16 Introduce genetic material into cells to compensate for abnormal genes Delivery theraupethic transgene 17 THE END! THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!