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ROME: EXPANSION AND CRISIS (PART 2)
GROWING PAINS
GOVERNING A GROWING EMPIRE
At the end of the Second Punic War in 202 BC, Rome’s growing territory consisted of Italy, the islands of
the Western Mediterranean Sea, the northern coastline of the sea, and part of Spain.
By 133 BC, less than a century later, Rome had nearly _____________________. Rome was now the
master of nearly the __________________________________.
Because the government of the republic was designed to meet the needs of a ______________, rather than
an empire, maintaining such a vast territory would be incredibly problematic.
To address the problem, the Senate divided all of Rome’s non-Italian territory into _____________
Each of those provinces would then pay _________________ to Rome.
The Senate appointed officials called _____________________ to act as governors of these
provinces and other officials called ___________________ to collect the taxes in the provinces.
POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, AND SOCIAL PROBLEMS
The proconsuls and publicans ruled the provinces with ____________________________.
And in many cases, these exceptional levels of power led a number of these officials became
________________ – accepting bribes, extorting people, stealing money from the treasuries, or
simply mistreating the people.
Therefore, People living in some of the provinces _________________ against Rome.
This forced the senate to send _______________ into the provinces.
This policy cost Rome ________________________________.
As such, the senate was in great need of a new source of revenue.
In order to raise the needed revenue, Rome decided to ________________ the new property it had gained
through conquest.
Wealthy individuals, such as the proconsuls and publicans, rented the land and set up large estates
called ‘__________________’
Due to Roman conquests of war, there were large amounts of _____________ available. This
meant that ___________________ was used to work the crops on the latifundias.
Because slaves are cheaper than paid laborers, the latifundia owners could sell crops at a lower price
than the small farmers in Italy.
Being able to undersell the small farmers _____________________________________
With the proconsuls and publicans making more and more money they now began to buy up the
out of business small farms in Rome, combine them, and create new latifundias.
• This put even more small farmers ________________________.
Now, poor farmers put out of work by this situation streamed to the __________ to find ___________.
Unfortunately, they could find very little work because most jobs in the city ___________________
________________________.
Now Rome, and other cities in its territory, were being inundated by a growing class of _______________
Thousands of unemployed, homeless, and hungry people filled the streets, creating _____________
__________________.
The Roman government’s solution to this problem was simply to keep the masses placated by providing
them with __________________________________.
The urban poor were given ____________________ and provided with _______________________
Roman politicians used this to their advantage, constantly promising more food and amusements to win
votes and get elected.
So, the poor continually voted for anyone who promised them ______________________________
And thus _________________________, and rather than the social/economic problems being fixed,
they just got __________________.
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS:
GOVERNING A GROWING EMPIRE:
How did Rome organize and govern its vast and ever expanding empire?
POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, AND SOCIAL PROBLEMS:
How did Rome’s territorial growth create massive political, economic, and social problems?
What was the Roman government’s response to each of these problems, and what were the results of
these responses?