Download Study Guide Key-Layers of the Earth Continental Drift

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Quiz Study Guide-Layers of the Earth & Continental Drift
1. Name the 4 Compositional Layers of the earth & a Characteristic of each:
1.
(from outside to inside)
Crust
Hard outer layer; thinnest layer; two types
(continental and oceanic) coolest layer
Mantle
Thickest compositional layer, contains 2/3’s
of earths mass, partially molten (part
liquid/part solid)
Outer Core
Totally molten (LIQUID) layer made of Iron
and Nickel
2.
3.
4.
Inner Core
SOLID ball made of Iron and Nickel
2. What is the mnemonic sentence used to remember the Physical layers of the earth?
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3. Name the 5 Physical Layers of the earth and a Characteristic of each: (from outside to inside)
1.
2.
3.
4.
Lithosphere
Consists of the crust + upper mantle; broken
into tectonic plates
Asthenosphere
Partially molten layer that the tectonic plates
float on
Mesosphere
Partially molten layer; lower mantle (middle
layer)
Outer Core
Molten Iron and nickel; it’s spinning causes
earth’s magnetic field
Inner Core
Solid ball of iron and nickel, hottest and most
dense layer
5.
4. __Alfred Wegener_______ was the scientist responsible for the theory of Continental
Drift.
5. List and explain 5 pieces of evidence that Alfred Wegener used to explain his theory of
Continental Drift:
a) Fit- Africa and South America fit together like a puzzle piece
b) Fossil Evidence-similar plants & animals are found on different continents i.e. the Mesosaurus
was found on both Africa and South America
c) Mountain Ranges and coal beds -Mountain ranges of similar size and rock content are found
on different continents (sometimes coal beds match)
d) Paleoclimatic - ancient climate evidence (ex: warm climate once existed in Antarctica; fossils
tropical plants were found here)
e) Paleomagnetism – on the ocean floor we can see a pattern of when magnetic N and magnetic S
have switched, proving seafloor spreading
6. Why did other scientists reject Alfred Wegener’s theory of Continental Drift? They
rejected his theory because he couldn’t prove HOW the continents drifted.
7. 200 million years ago Alfred Wegener believed that there was a single landmass he named
Pangaea. This supercontinent broke apart into the 7 continents.
8. Name the two types of crust and what each is made of:
a) __Continental Crust__ is made of__ Granite ____
b)__Oceanic Crust_____ is made of ___Basalt (which is more dense!)____
9. The Lithosphere is broken up into __Tectonic_____ ___Plates_____.
10. ___Seismic______ Waves are generated from an earth quake. These bounce off of the
__Inner____ core because the ___Inner___ core is a solid mass.
11. The best way to explain _Magnetic____ __Reversal__ is when Magnetic North becomes
Magnetic _South___ and Magnetic South becomes Magnetic __North_____.
12. ___Harry______ __Hess_____ discovered Sea Floor Spreading.
What technology did he use to map the sea floor? ____sonar_________
13. Inner and Outer Core Similarities & Differences: Try to list 3 or more
Inner Core - differences
Solid Ball
Most dense layer
Hottest Layer/most pressure
Inner & Outer - similarities
Both made of iron & nickel
Both are extremely hot
Outer Core - Differences
Totally molten, or liquid
Spinning causes magnetism
14. As you go deeper into the earth __heat___ and____pressure_____ increase! So does
DENSITY!