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General Entomology EEB 286 University of Connecticut Fall 2006 Hymenoptera Page 1 Family: Mutillidae (velvet ants) • • • • • • • very hairy, often brightly colored body robust, 6-20 mm females wingless, males winged can inflict painful sting larvae parasitic on early stages of ground-nesting bees and wasps often encountered in sandy and other open habitats about 435 NA species Family: Formicidae (ants) • • • • • • • • first abdominal segment (or first two abdominal segments) with dorsal node or hump antenna 6-13-segmented, strongly elbowed; 1st segment quite long workers (sterile females) wingless; queens and males usually winged (at least prior to nuptial flight) social insects occurring in colonies large and widely distributed family, occurring almost everywhere most species nesting in ground, but many also in various cavities feeding on all kinds of organic material: some predators, others phytophagous, a few social parasites over 525 NA species Vespidae & Pompilidae - pronotum in lateral view triangular, extending to tegulae Family: Pompilidae (spider wasps) • • • • • • • • mesopleura with transverse suture long-legged, hind femora usually extending to apex of abdomen wings not folded longitudinally at rest first discoidal cell in forewing not particularly long body 10-25 mm, usually dark colored but often with orange or red markings larvae developing in underground nests, feeding on spiders paralyzed by female females can inflict painful sting 290 NA species Family: Vespidae (vespid wasps) • • • • • • first discoidal cell in forewing very long (half as long as wing) wings folded longitudinally at rest head often triangular when seen in front (Vespinae) mostly social, building nests of paper-like substance or mud attached to rocks and twigs many species predaceous 325 NA species Family: Sphecidae (sphecid wasps) • • • • • • more than 1100 NA species • • pronotum in lateral view short and collar-like mesosternum without forked process posteriorly general appearance variable, abdomen often stalked at base (Sphecinae) mostly solitary wasps; some gregarious ground and cavity nesters; females lay eggs on prey in burrows or constructed nests larvae feeding on live insects paralyzed by female diversity especially high in sandy and other xeric habitats General Entomology EEB 286 University of Connecticut Fall 2006 Hymenoptera Page 2 Superfamily: Apoidea (bees) • body usually hairy; hairs branched or plumose Family: Andrenidae (andrenid bees) • • • • • • 2 subantennal sutures below each antennal socket females with facial fovea body small to medium, 5-25 mm, dark-colored jugal lobe of hindwing longer than submedian cell front wing with 3 submarginal cells (rarely w/ 2 in New England) more than 1635 NA species Family: Halictidae (halictid bees) • • • • • • one subantennal suture below each antennal socket basal vein of forewing strongly arched body small, 5-15 mm, black or dark-colored, sometimes metallic green generally solitary bees, nesting in vertical tunnels in ground, but often large numbers of individuals nesting close together some species attracted to perspiration (sweat bees) more than 500 NA species Family: Megachilidae (leafcutting bees) • • • • • • • single subantennal suture below outer margin of antennal sockets pollen carried on underside of abdomen stout-bodied, often dark-colored bees, 10-20 mm jugal lobe of hindwing shorter than submedian cell forewing with 2 nearly equal-sized submarginal cells many use pieces of leaves and/or resin to build or strengthen their nests more than 605 NA species Family: Apidae (digger bees, carpenter bees, bumble bees, honey bees etc.) • • • • • • • • first 2 segments of labial palpus elongate and flattened glossa long and slender pollen carried on hind tibia jugal lobe in hindwing shorter than submedian cell (rarely absent) usually 3 submarginal cells diverse group of bees, varying in size, appearance, and habit some eusocial, building nests in ground, in cavities excavated in wood, hollow trees etc. includes honey and bumblebees, as well as some social parasites