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Ecology Topics to Study Chapter 3: INTRODUCTION Define Ecology List and define the terms used to represent the organization of life (species, population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere) ENERGY TRANSFER IN AN ECOSYSTEM Define food chain and food web and be able to tell the difference between the two Define autotroph and producer and describe how organisms of this nature contribute in an ecosystem’s energy transfer Identify photosynthesis as being a process performed by plants to create energy using water, carbon dioxide, and sunlight. Explain how chemosynthesis is different from photosynthesis Define heterotroph and consumer describe how organisms of this nature contribute in an ecosystem’s energy transfer Define primary, secondary, and tertiary consumer, and provide examples of each Define herbivore, carnivore, and omnivore and provide examples of each Define and distinguish between detritivores and decomposers Understand the transfer of energy through an ecosystem and describe what happens to the energy as it is transported from one trophic level to another Distinguish between the three types of ecological pyramids: energy pyramid, biomass pyramid, and pyramid of numbers CYCLES OF MATTER Describe the basic patterns exhibited in the water cycle, carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, and phosphorus cycle. Relate the nutrient cycles to trophic systems (What is the role of producers in each cycle?) Explain how the major cycles affect ecosystems Chapter 4: CLIMATE Define climate and describe how it is different than weather. Describe the Greenhouse Effect and explain how it relates to the carbon cycle. Describe the causes and predicted results of global warming Describe the effect of latitude on climate and identify the major climate zones of the world Identify three factors that influence the transport of heat in the biosphere: wind/air currents; ocean currents, continents/landmasses. WHAT SHAPES AN ECOSYSTEM? Distinguish between biotic and abiotic factors in an ecosystem and provide examples of each Describe an organism’s habitat and provide an example Describe an organism’s niche and identify the factors that contribute to it. Provide an example Describe the competitive exclusion principle Describe various types of community interactions: competition, predation, symbiosis Distinguish between and provide examples of each type of symbiotic relationship: mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism Define primary and secondary succession BIOMES Identify the types of biomes that we discussed in class and be able to identify key characteristics of each biome’s climate (temperature and annual precipitation) as well as its dominant plant and animal species Chapter 5: POPULATIONS Refer to “CHAPTER : POPULATIONS” worksheet o Distinguish between population growth curves: exponential vs. logistic growth o Define population density, geographic range, demography, demographic transition, immingration, emigration o Analyze an age-structure diagram o Provide examples of limiting factors TOPICS I’M NOT CONFIDENT ABOUT PRIOR TO THE UNIT: TOPICS I’M FOCUSING ON MOST WHILE STUDYING:
