Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
P-7 North America and the Caribbean on the Eve of European “Invasion” 4.5 million people in North America 350 different societies: agricultural, nomadic… Importance of maize (corn) Aztecs “unsurpassed in power and wealth” “tremendous cultural diversity”: Historiography Traditional- Columbus is a hero Revisionist- Columbus was an evil invader Post-Revisionist- Columbus was a man of his times that was an impressive navigator that brought interaction of two separate worlds, which had many positive and negative consequences Columbian Exchange The biological exchange of plants and animals between the New and Old Worlds Americas to Europe: Potato, llama, tomato, tobacco, turkeys, corn, vanilla… Europe to Americas: horse, cows, pigs, coffee, sugar, rice, wheat, DISEASE: Small Pox 1-6 Spain’s Empire in the New World- 1521: Cortés conquered the Aztecs Role of the Conquistadors • Minor nobles, landless gentlemen, and professional soldiers seek “God, Gold, and Glory” • Win because of “Guns, Germs, and Steel” • Disease, small pox, by far the # 1 killer Spanish Colonization • Royal control replaced the conquistadors • Gov: Two central divisions: New Spain & Peru each ruled by a viceroy who were advised by councils called audiencias Spanish Caste Peninsulars System Creole Mestizos & Mulattos American Indians Zambos Africans •Very Hierarchical system, based on race, pure breed Spaniards at the top •1520, Africans imported to sugar plantations (Haciendas) in the Spanish West Indies •Strongly Catholic, Mission system Colonial Period 1607-1763 Jamestown to the end of the French and Indian War (1754-1763) French and Indian War (Seven Years War), 1754-1763 Revolutionary Era, 1763-1783 Trends toward colonial unity What kind of divide do all of these conflicts represent? Bacon 1676 Leisler’s 1691 Federalist Era, 1789-1800 How Revolutionary was the American Revolution? Revolution 1800? Freedom Riders How did political and religious dissent shape colonial development in the New England and Chesapeake regions from 1607 to 1754? New England- Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, Rhode Island, Conneticut, New Hampshire Facts: Puritans, Pilgrams, Roger Williams, Anne Hutchinson, Politics = Religion, Salem Witchtrials, Dominion of New England, town meetings Chesapeake- Virginia and Maryland only!!! BACON’S REBELLION, Catholics-Maryland Religious Toleration Act, 1649, House of Burgess, 1750- No revolution stuff like taxes! Analyze the impact of TWO of the following individuals on the growth of the power of the federal government. • Thomas Jefferson • John Marshall • John C. Calhoun Thomas Jefferson Author of the Declaration of Independence, not the Constitution Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions • Spirit of 78 • Established the state’s rights idea of nullification • Opposed the growth of federal power as Secretary of State, leader of the Democratic-Republican Party Bank, excise tax and Whiskey Rebellion, and strict constructionist • As president, used more expansive powers: Embargo Act, Louisiana Purchase, kept the bank • Did limit power buy repealing the Whiskey tax, cutting debtespecially in the military budgets. John Marshall John C. Calhoun Calhoun’s “Concurrent Majority” Idea Ideas try and limit the growth of the power of the federal government When nullification was abandoned, secession became popular Ideas lead to the Civil War Evaluate the success of Franklin Roosevelt’s administrations response to the financial downturn in the United States from 1933 to 1939 in TWO of the following categories: • Rural areas • Business and Financial Institutions • Unemployment • Labor Rural Areas AAA- effects on sharecroppers? TVA REA- rural electrification Dust Bowl? Deported Mexicans Business and Financial Institutions EBRA- Bank Holiday FDIC- federal deposit insurance NRA- Schechter case declared it unconstitutional SEC- stock market Home loan programs Wagner Act Unemployment CCC FERA PWA WPA • Roads, bridges, schools, artists, writers, slave narratives • Golden Gate Bridge, John Steinbeck NYA Social Security NRA Labor • formally guaranteed labor's right to organize and bargain collectively. • outlawed “yellow dog” contracts. • provided for maximum hours and minimum wages, product prices, and CORPORATE PROFITS • Schechter case declared it unconstitutional Wagner Act • National Labor Relations Board • Recognized the right of labor to collectively bargain • NLRB v Jones and Laughlin Steel Corporation okayed it Fair Labor Standards Act • Child labor outlawed • Minimum wage established CIO founded, John Lewis Evaluate the success of TWO of the following Presidents in dealing with the international influence of communism in the 20th century. • Harry Truman • Dwight Eisenhower • John Kennedy Lost China and Eastern Europe to communism! Did nothing to help Hungarian Uprising CIA- Iran, Guatemala Castro came to power when he was President Eisenhower in Vietnam Race to the Moon Castro was still in power! Alliance for Progress-$ for Latin America Peace Corps Okayed assassination of Ngo Dien Diem JFK in Vietnam DBQ Immigration: 1880-1925 Tensions: US Government Response: Jobs, labor-violent strikes New v. Old (WASP )Stock, Immigration restrictions: go from ghettoes none to strict Religion • Chinese Exclusion Political machinesAct, 1882 corruption • Japanese WWI-Red ScareGentleman’s Bolsheviks, IWW, Sacco & Agreement, 1908 Vanzetti • Literacy tests Progressives try to clean • Quota Acts, 1921, up: Eugenics, settlement 1924 houses, education… For whom and to what extent was the American West a land of opportunity from 1865 to 1900? Early encounters between American Indians and European colonists led to a variety of relationships among different cultures. Analyze how the actions taken by BOTH American Indians and European colonists shaped those relationships in TWO of the following regions. Confine your answer to the 1600s. • New England • Chesepeake • Spanish Southwest • New York and New France (2008) From 1999 How were the lives of the Plains Indians in the second half of the nineteenth century affected by technological developments and government actions? Describe the founding vision of a proprietor and evaluate the success of that vision in TWO of the following colonies: Pennsylvania Maryland Georgia Explain how TWO of the following individuals responded to the economic and social problems created by industrialization during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Jane Addams Andrew Carnegie Samuel Gompers Upton Sinclair Compare and contrast US foreign policy after the First World War and after the Second World War. Consider the periods from 19191929 and 1945 to 1950 Evaluate the success of the policy of containment from 1945 to 1975 in TWO of the following regions Middle East Latin America East and Southeast Asia Europe Analyze the impact the American Revolution on both African Americans and the status of women in the period from 1775 to 1800. From 2005 Describe the patterns of immigration in TWO of the periods listed below. Compare and contrast the responses of Americans to immigrants in these periods. 1820 to 1860 1880 to 1924 1965 to 2000 From 1987 “Throughout its history, the United States has been a land of refuge and opportunity for immigrants.” Assess the validity of this statement in view of the experiences of TWO of the following. The Scotch-Irish on the eighteenthcentury Appalachian frontier The Irish in the nineteenth-century urban Northeast The Chinese in the nineteenth-century West From 2001 Describe and account for the rise of nativism in American society from 1900 to 1930. Compare the experience of TWO of the following immigrant groups from 1815 to 1860. • Irish • German • British From 1982 Americans have been a highly mobile people. Describe and account for the dominant population movements between 1820 and 1900. Eugene Debs In what ways did the Second Great Awakening in the North influence TWO of the following? • Abolitionism • Temperance • The cult of domesticity • Utopian communities The Jacksonian Period (1824-1848) has been characterized as the era of the “Common Man.” To what extent did the period live up to its characterization? Consider TWO of the following in your response: Economic Development Politics Reform Movements From 2006 Explain why and how the role of the federal government changed as a result of the Civil War with respect to TWO of the following during the period 1861-1877: Race relations Economic development Westward expansion 2008 Following Reconstruction, many southern leaders promoted the idea of a "New South." To what extent was this "New South" a reality by the time of the First World War? In your answer be sure to address TWO of the following. • Economic Development • Politics • Race Relations Economics From 1998 Analyze the impact of any TWO of the following on the American industrial worker between 1865 and 1900. Government actions Immigration Labor Unions Technological changes From 1997 Analyze the economic consequences of the Civil War with respect to an TWO of the following in the United States between 1865 and 1900. Agriculture Labor Industrialization Transportation Analyze the ways in which technology, government policy, and economic conditions changed American agriculture in the period 1865-1900. From 1988 “Although the economic growth of the United States between 1860 and 1900 has been attributed to a governmental policy of laissez-faire, it was in fact encouraged and sustained by direct governmental intervention”. Assess the validity of this statement. From 2005 B How successful were progressives reforms during the period from 1890 to 1920 with respect to TWO of the following? • Industrial conditions • Urban life • Politics Evaluate the effectiveness of the Progressive Era reformers and the federal government in bringing about reform at the national level. In your answer be sure to analyze the successes and limitations of these efforts in the period 1900-1920. Compare and contrast the programs and policies designed by reformers of the Progressive era to those designed by reformers of the New Deal period. From 1993 Identify THREE of the following New Deal measures and analyze the ways in which each of the three attempted to fashion a more stable economy and a more equitable society. • Agricultural Adjustment Act • Securities and Exchange Commission • Wagner National Labor Relations Act • Social Security Act Rebellions Settlers in the eighteenth-century American backcountry sometimes resorted to violent protest to express their grievances. Analyze the causes and significance of TWO of the following: • March of the Paxton Boys • Regulator Movement • Shays’s Rebellion • Whiskey Rebellion African Americans Controversy between integrationist and separatist viewpoints has long been a dominant theme within the black community. Analyze the controversy among blacks for the period 1920-1970. Analyze and evaluate Booker T. Washington’s program for American Blacks and W.E.B. DuBois’s challenge to that program. Compare the goals and strategies of Black reform movements in the period 1890-1910 to the goals and strategies of Black reform movements in the period 1950-1970 From 1775 to 1830, many African Americans gained freedom from slavery, yet during the same period the institution of slavery expanded. Explain why BOTH of those changes took place. Analyze the ways that BOTH free African Americans and enslaved African Americans responded to the challenges confronting them. Post WWII From 1993 Describe THREE of the following and analyze the ways in which each of the three has affected the status of women in American society since 1940. • Changing economic conditions • The rebirth of an organized women’s movement • Advances in reproductive technology • The persistence of traditional definitions of women’s roles. ` In what ways did the administration of President Lyndon B. Johnson respond to the political, economic, and social problems of the United States? Anarchist Essays 2015 Explain how TWO of the following individuals responded to the economic and social problems created by industrialization during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Jane Addams Andrew Carnegie Samuel Gompers Upton Sinclair Some historians argue that the 1920’s witnessed the political assault of rural America on urban America. Support, modify, or refute this contention using specific evidence from 1918—1930. Evaluate the impact of the Second World War on the United States in the 1950’s and 1960’s in terms of TWO of the following • • • • Education International Relations Science and Technology Race Relations Evaluate the success of Franklin Roosevelt’s administrations response to the financial downturn in the United States from 1933 to 1939 in TWO of the following categories: • Rural areas • Business and Financial Institutions • Unemployment • Labor Rural Areas AAA- effects on sharecroppers? TVA REA- rural electrification Dust Bowl? Deported Mexicans Business and Financial Institutions EBRA- Bank Holiday FDIC- federal deposit insurance NRA- Schechter case declared it unconstitutional SEC- stock market Home loan programs Wagner Act Unemployment CCC FERA PWA WPA • Roads, bridges, schools, artists, writers, slave narratives • Golden Gate Bridge, John Steinbeck NYA Social Security NRA Labor • formally guaranteed labor's right to organize and bargain collectively. • outlawed “yellow dog” contracts. • provided for maximum hours and minimum wages, product prices, and CORPORATE PROFITS • Schechter case declared it unconstitutional Wagner Act • National Labor Relations Board • Recognized the right of labor to collectively bargain • NLRB v Jones and Laughlin Steel Corporation okayed it Fair Labor Standards Act • Child labor outlawed • Minimum wage established CIO founded, John Lewis Evaluate the success of TWO of the following Presidents in dealing with the international influence of communism in the 20th century. • Harry Truman • Dwight Eisenhower • John Kennedy Lost China and Eastern Europe to communism! Did nothing to help Hungarian Uprising CIA- Iran, Guatemala Castro came to power when he was President Eisenhower in Vietnam Race to the Moon Castro was still in power! Alliance for Progress-$ for Latin America Peace Corps Okayed assassination of Ngo Dien Diem JFK in Vietnam From 2006 Explain why and how the role of the federal government changed as a result of the Civil War with respect to TWO of the following during the period 1861-1877: Race relations Economic development Westward expansion 2008 Following Reconstruction, many southern leaders promoted the idea of a "New South." To what extent was this "New South" a reality by the time of the First World War? In your answer be sure to address TWO of the following. • Economic Development • Politics • Race Relations Compare and contrast Booker T. Washington’s and W.E.B. DuBois’s response to Jim Crow laws and racism in America from 1880-1930. Compare the goals and strategies of Black reform movements in the period 1890-1910 to the goals and strategies of Black reform movements in the period 1950-1970 Compare and contrast the programs and policies designed by reformers of the Progressive era to those designed by reformers of the New Deal period. Some historians have argued that the Spanish–American War in 1898 marked a turning point in United States foreign policy. Support, modify, or refute this contention using specific evidence. Some historians have argued that the development of the policy of containment after the Second World War marked a turning point in United States foreign policy. Support, modify, or refute this contention using specific evidence. Evaluate the extent to which the Progressive Era (1890–1920) marked a turning point in the history of women in the United States, analyzing what changed and what stayed the same from the period immediately before the Progressive Era to the period during and immediately after it.