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Name Class Date 13.3 Mutations Lesson Objectives Define mutations and describe the different types of mutations. Describe the effects mutations can have on genes. BUILD Vocabulary A. The chart below shows the key terms in this lesson with their definitions. Complete the chart by writing a strategy to help you remember the meaning of each term. One has been done for you. How I’m Going to Remember the Meaning Term Definition Frameshift mutation Point mutation that inserts or deletes nucleotide bases Mutagen Chemical or physical things in the environment that can cause mutations Mutation Change in genetic information that can be inherited Point mutation Mutation that changes one or a few nucleotides Polyploidy Condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes A mutagen can cause a mutation. B. As you work through this lesson, you may find these terms in the activities. When you need to write a key term or a definition, highlight the term or the definition. BUILD Understanding Preview Visuals Before you read the lesson, look at the two diagrams of point mutations and chromosomal mutations. Use the information in the diagram of point mutations to complete the concept map below. Point Mutations Substitution 195 Name Class Date Types of Mutations Gene mutations produce a change in one gene. Point mutations produce gene mutations that involve a change in one or more nucleotides. Point mutations also occur at only one point in the DNA sequence. The diagram below shows an original chromosome and three possible point mutations. Follow the directions. 1. Use the words in the box to add headings to the three lower parts of the diagram. insertion deletion substitution Complete the sentences. Use the terms from the box above. 2. In a(n) , one base is changed to a different base. 3. In a(n) , a base is inserted into the DNA sequence. 4. In a(n) , one base is removed from the DNA sequence. Answer the questions. 5. Which of the following can result in a frameshift mutation? Circle each correct answer. A. deletion B. substitution C. insertion 6. Why is a frameshift mutation more damaging than a substitution? ___ ___ 196 Name Class Date Types of Mutations Mutations that change whole chromosomes are called chromosomal mutations. The diagrams below show chromosomal mutations. Each diagram represents an original chromosome and a possible mutation of the chromosome. Original Chromosome AB C Deletion A C DE F Original Chromosome AB C Inversion AE D DE F Original Chromosome AB C CB F Translocation DE F ABC Original Chromosome AB C DE F JK LDE F Duplication A B B C DE F DE F Follow the directions. 1. Use the diagrams to help you complete the table. Mutation Description deletion Part of the chromosome is lost. Extra copies of a part of a chromosome are made. Part of a chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome. Sections of a chromosome are reversed. Answer the questions. 2. Which types of mutations can add genes to a chromosome? 3. Which type of mutation can take genes away from a chromosome? 4. Which type of mutation changes the order of the genes, but not the number of genes in a chromosome? 197