Download EXERCISE: The Effect On The Body

EXERCISE: The Effect On The Body
Exercise
• When we exercise, our body must make a
range of short term changes in order to keep
up with the physical demands of the activity.
• It does this in a variety of ways across the:
– Muscles
– Lungs
– Heart
– Energy Systems.
Energy Production
• In order for muscles to function they require energy
to do so. As a muscle contracts, ATP provides the
energy for this.
Energy Production
• Unfortunately there is only enough ATP in the
muscles to last for 2 seconds.
• Because ATP is the only energy source used
directly for this, our body has 3 other ways of
regenerating this chemical to create energy.
ATP-CP System
• This system uses creatine phosphate (a highenergy molecule stored in muscles) to
regenerate ADP back to ATP.
CP
ADP
Creatine
ATP
Anaerobic System
• This system uses glucose from the blood and
glycogen stored in the muscles to regenerate
ADP back to ATP.
Glucose (from glycogen
breakdown or delivered
from oxygen
ATP
Released to
blood
Chemical Reaction
Lactic Acid
O2
Aerobic System
• Aerobic respiration takes place in the
mitochondria. It requires oxygen and a series
of chemical reactions to produce ATP.
Mitochondria:
Our cell’s power
producers which
convert energy into
forms that can be
used.
Aerobic System
• This system uses glucose from the blood,
glycogen stored in the muscles as well as fatty
and amino acids to generate ATP.
Glucose (from glycogen
breakdown or delivered
from oxygen
Fatty
Acids
Pyruvic Acid
Amino
Acids
Aerobic
Respiration in
Mitochondria
CO2
O2
ATP
The Heart
• When exercising the main change that will
occur with the heart is an increased cardiac
output. This occurs for 2 main reasons.
• 1- The amount of oxygen needed by working
muscles increases
• 2- The amount of waste products (CO2 and
Lactic Acid) from the muscles increases
The Lungs
• When exercising the main change that will
occur with the lungs is increased breathing
rate and respiratory volume. This occurs for 2
main reasons.
• 1- The amount of oxygen needed by working
muscles increases
• 2- The amount of waste products (CO2) from
the muscles increases
The Muscles
• The muscles have a number of things that
occur during exercise:
• Energy production (3 types)
• Depleted energy stores to do this (especially
carbohydrates and some amount of fats)
• Increased lactic acid build up contributes to
muscle fatigue and is partially responsible for
muscle soreness from intense activity.
The Muscles
• Heat Production
Only about 40% of the energy released during
muscle contraction is converted to useful work.
The rest is given off as heat to maintain constant
temperature within the body. This is done
through sweating and radiation of heat from the
skins surface.
Adaptations
• The Heart and Circulatory System
– Cardiac Muscle gets bigger increasing heart
volumes
– Red Blood cells increase transporting more O2
– Capillary beds increase creating better gaseous
exchange
– Resting Heart Rate Decreases
– Accumulation of Lactic Acid decreases due to
more efficient circulatory system
Adaptations
• The Lungs
– Diaphragm increases in strength
– Greater respiratory volumes
– Increase in diameter of capillaries on alveoli leads
to increased gaseous exchange
Adaptations
• The Muscles
– More mitochondria
– Muscles, bones, ligaments become stronger
– Myoglobin numbers increase allowing more 02
stored in muscles
– Store more glycogen
– Enzymes for energy production become more
concentrated and efficient