Download Chapter 5 Notes Complete

Name :_______________________
Section: ________________
Chapter 5 vocabulary
loess: yellow, brown, soil
dike: protective wall that holds back water
extended family: closely related people
Confucius: Chinese teacher and philosopher
philosophy: systems of beliefs and values
civil service: group of people who carry out the work of government
Shi Huangdi: China’s first emperor
currency: type of money
Liu Bang: won out over his rivals and became emperor of China
Wudi: Han dynasty reached its greatest power
warlord: local leaders of armed groups
Silk Road: ancient trade route between China and Europe
silk: valuable cloth originally made only in China
Sima Qian: wrote history of China from mythical times.
Lesson 5.1
The Geography of China’s River Valleys
p. 138-143
1. Why do the Chinese often use the symbol of
a dragon in many of their logos, images, etc?
THE DRAGON WAS A RESPECTED SPIRIT.
IT ALSO BROUGHT GOOD LUCK, THEY
ALSO BELIEVED THE DRAGON WAS THE
REASON FOR SUCCESSFUL CROPS.
The Geography of Ancient China
2. Due to the large size of China, the landscape and climate VARIED greatly.
3. The NORTH China plain is located in EAST Asia has a BRIEF AND INTENSE
SUMMER rainy season that are caused by the MONSOONS, however is generally a
very DRY area.
4. The SOUTHERN climate however is warm and WET due to its long RAINY
season.
5. The Chinese called themselves the MIDDLE KINGDOM because they thought
that they lived in the center of the world, isolated from others around them
because of the surrounding MOUNTAINS and SEAS.
6. Like the other Ancient civilizations studied, China’s first settlements developed
along the HUANG RIVER.
7. China’s Huang River (also known as the YELLOW River) is the second longest
river in China, behind only the CHANG River, the longest River in China.
a. It is called the Yellow River because of The LOESS deposits, or the
YELLOW-brown soil. (Label the Huang River on the Map above!)
i. The Chinese used the land along the river to grow MILLET (type of
grain).
b. As often as every 2 years the river could flood and change its course
because of how strong the current was.
i. To help control the flood waters the Chinese built DIKES to hold
back the flood waters.
The Early Civilization in China
8. The SHANG dynasty was the first civilization in China and built the first
CITIES as well as made some of the finest BRONZE work of ancient China and
the first Chinese WRITING system.
9. To the west of the Shang Dynasty, the ZHOU Dynasty developed and would
eventually go on to conquer the SHANG. They would rule for about 1,000 years
until the QIN dynasty emerges.
10. The Chinese believe that their rulers come to power because of DESTINY, or
fate.
a. This idea is known as the MANDATE OF HEAVEN.
Importance of the Family
11. The FAMILY was the center of Chinese society, considered far more important
than the INDIVIDUAL or even the entire nation.
12. Since the family was so important, as many as 5 generations lived in the same
household. (That would mean you live with your GREAT- GREAT grandparents!)
a. If your family was rich you would all live in 1 large home, if you were poor
however (like most people) you would all live in separate ONE ROOM
COTTAGES within walking distance of each other.
13. The person in charge of the family was the OLDEST male.
a. He decided who would MARRY his children and grandchildren, as well as
the PUNISHMENTS for disrespect.
b. After the head of the family died, his LAND was divided among his
SONS and each started their own household.
14. Women were considered LOWER class than men.
a. They had to obey 3 rules:
i. Obey their FATHERS when they were young
ii. Obey their HUSBANDS when married
iii. Obey their SONS if their husbands died.
b. What do you notice about who the women had to obey? ALL MEN
15. The Chinese are the first people to use INHERITED names, passed down
through the generations.
16. The family name is equivalent to our LAST name, however in Chinese society it
comes first.
a. If you were from China, what would your name be? GUTZMIRTL PETER
Lesson 5.2
Confucius and His Teachings
p. 146-150
1. Confucius was a famous Chinese TEACHER and
PHIOLOSOPHER.
The Life of Confucius
2. Confucius loved learning and was mostly SELF- taught.
3. Although Confucius strived to be a member of the Chinese
GOVERNMENT, he ended up becoming a teacher instead.
4. Confucius charged students a FEE to take his classes. (Read
the quote from Confucius on pg. 147). Based on this quote,
why do you think he charged students to take his classes?
HE WANTED TO SEE HOW MUCH STUDENTS YEARNED
FOR KNOWLEDGE
5. Two reasons that Confucius thought that his life was a failure were because he
never became an important GOVERNMENT official and he never FOUND A
RULER TO FOLLOW HIS TEACHINGS.
a. Do you think Confucius’ life was a failure? Yes or No (circle one)
Why? __________________________________________________
The Teachings of Confucius
6. Confucius felt his role as a teacher was to pass on the FORGOTTEN
TEACHINGS of wise people from an EARLIER AGE.
7. He hoped that through his teachings he could bring PEACE, STABILITY, and
PROSPERITY to China.
8. Confucianism is a PHILOSOPHY made up of the sayings of CONFUCIUS AFTER
HIS DEATH that were recorded by his STUDENTS.
a. Confucianism is also a RELIGION for some people. (look ahead in reading!)
9. Confucius hoped to persuade China’s rulers to CHANGE THEIR WAY AND
BRING PEACE AND ORDER TO CHINA.
10. Who did Confucius believe was responsible for setting a good example?
RULERS What did he think would result from their good example? PEOPLE
WOULD KNOW HOW TO BEHAVE
11. Confucius taught that people should respect those both ABOVE and BELOW
them and know their place in their family and in SOCIETY.
12. Confucius’ “golden rule” was DO NOT DO TO OTHERS WHAT YOU WOULD
HAVE DONE TO YOURSELF.
13. Describe the religious traditions of ancient China. LIFE SHOULD BE LIVED
IN HARMONY WITH NATURE
The Influence of Confucius
14. On which members of the Chinese government did Confucius’s teachings have an
impact? CIVIL SERVANTS Why? PEOPLE COULD GET THIS JOB BASED ON
MERIT NOT WHO THEIR FATHER WAS.
15. The civil service is a group of people who CARRY OUT THE WORK OF
GOVERNMENT.
16. After the idea of Confucius took hold, government positions were based on
MERIT that is how QUALIFIED the person was or how WELL they
did at their job.
a. Those who agree with the idea of reward based on merit would
argue that it is a good system because IT IS BASED ON
ACTIONS NOT FAMILY OR OTHER RELATIONS
b. Those who disagree with the idea of reward based merit would
argue THE POOR ARE UNDERQUALIFIED___
17. In order to become a member of the government one had to pass an exam
based on the teachings of CONFUCIUS.
18. Why was it difficult for poor men to work in the civil service? THEY HAD TO
KNOW HOW TO READ
Lesson 5.3
Warring Kingdoms Unite
p. 151-155
1. In 1974 FARMERS discovered terracotta WARRIORS, which had kept watch over
the tomb of SHI HUANGDI,
China’s first emperor.
a. Using his army, he intended to rule a second EMPIRE in the afterlife.
The Qin Dynasty
2. Before Shi Huangdi’s time as ruler, CHINA was divided into 7 warring
kingdoms.
3. Complete the chart below about the Qin Dynasty:
Dynasty’s name
 Shi Huagdi’s original name
was ZHAO ZHENG and he
ruled the QIN people in
western China.
 Shi Huangdi means
“FIRST EMPORER .”
 The Qin dynasty is
sometimes spelled CH’IN
which is where we get the
name China.
Main Accomplishments
 In order to strengthen the empire Shi Huangdi used strong and
HARSH rule to protect the NEW EMPIRE.
 Shi Huangdi ordered the largest CONSTRUCTION project in
Chinese history: the GREAT WALL OF CHINA.
*The wall was built to hopefully end
BORDER__ wars.
*The wall really connected
previously CREATED_ walls
*It took 10 years to build
*It is now about 4500 miles long
 Emperor put thousands of FARMERS_ to work building ROADS_
which would allow his ARMIES_ to rush to the scene of uprisings.
 Shi Huangdi divided China into DISTRICTS_, each with its own
GOVERNMENT run by the emperor’s trusted officials.
 Shi Huangdi declared that one type of CURRENCY would be used
throughout China, which made TRADE_ easier within the country.
 New system of weights and measures, improved WRITING
system, and LAWS_ were also created.
Unifying the Economy and Culture
4. Ideas of CONFUCIUS__ and other important thinkers were outlawed, and were
replaced by the PHILOSOPHIES of the Qin scholars.
a. The Qin believed all people should be PUNISHED___ for bad behavior
and rewarded for GOOD behavior.
5. Shi Huangdi ordered that all books be burned in China unless they addressed
MEDICNE, TECHNOLOGY_, and FARMING.
a. If you protested, Shi Huangdi had you killed.
6. The dynasty only lasted 15 years and fell apart after SHI HUANGDI_ death.
Examine the Rise and Fall of Chinese Dynasties Diagram:
7. Why do Dynasties Fall? DYNASTIES GROW WEAK AFTER THE EMPERORS
DIE.__________________________________________
8. Why might a dynasty become weaker as it grows larger? IT GETS SPREAD
TOO THIN__________
The Han Dynasty
9. In 202 B.C. LIU BANG became emperor after helping to overthrow the QIN_
dynasty.
a. He became the FIRST_ emperor of the Han dynasty and was less HARSH
than Shi Huangdi
10. WUDI_ came to power in 140 B.C. and took the dynasty to its height. He was
Liu Bang’s GREAT-GRANDSON
11. Complete the chart below about the Han Dynasty:
Dynasty’s name
Han
(under ruler Liu Bang)
Han
(under ruler Wudi)
Main Accomplishments
 Stable GOVERNMENT that lasted for about 400 years
 Civil SERVICE system set up based on CONFUCIUS_____
 Improvements were made to the GREAT WALL OF CHINA.
 The army was STRENGTHENED
 Expanded the borders of China
12. After WUDI__ death, the empire began to weaken under new emperors
and people within the government struggled for power.
a. Roads and CANALS began to fall apart.
b. As ruler of empires weakened, WARLORDS gained power.
i. In AD 220 the Han dynasty came to an end and was replaced with
the CAOPEI, which would end within 50 years and result in China
being broken into smaller KINGDOMS.
Lesson 5.4
Achievements of Ancient China
p. 158-162
1. Silk Road: AN ANCIENT TRADE
ROUTE FROM CHINA TO EUROPE
The Silk Road
2. As emperor Wudi expanded the
empire west, the Chinese came into contact
with people of Central ASIA_ who introduced the Chinese people to new
FOODS such as grapes, walnuts, and garlic.
3. The silk road ran all the way from CHINA_ to the MEDITERRAINAN SEA__.
(Circle these two locations on the map above!!)
4. Routes covered more than 4000_ miles through mountains and deserts.
(find the routes of the Silk Road on the map above!)
5. As goods traveled they were passed from trader to trader and the price went
UP each time. By the end of their journey goods were very EXPENSIVE.
6. Route got its name from the CLOTH silk, which was made in CHINA.
7. Goods were not the only things exchanged along the silk route, IDEAS were also
spread.
i. The BUDDHIST_ religion from India was introduced to _CHINA in this
way.
Tradition and Learning
8. Rulers encouraged people to return to the teachings of CONFUCIOUS to bring
back respect for traditions during the HAN dynasty.
9. Arts and SCHOLARSHIPS flourished under the Han dynasty.
i. POETRY_ and THE DICTIONARY_ were created, and HISTORY_ was
studied
10. Until the Han dynasty people of China had little knowledge of their
HISTORY_.
i. _SIMA QIAN__ spent his life writing the history of China in Historical
Records
Han Technology
11. Society improved under the Han dynasty because GOVERNMENT was
stable.
i. Significant advances in farming tools and other technologies
 Ex: IRON PLOW
 Ex: PAPER
 Ex: COMPASS
 Ex: RUDDER
12. Chinese were first people to use wooden scrolls and bones to keep RECORDS
13. In AD 105 Chinese created PAPER which influenced the arts in CHINA.
i. The use of paper spread across ASIA in the following centuries and then
into EUROPE_ and replaced PAPYRUS_.
Chapter 5 study guide
1. How did the physical geography of China effect its civilizations?
MOUNTAINS AND SEAS SEPERATED IT FROM OTHER LANDS
2. The first farming settlements in China developed where?
HUANG VALLEY ALONG THE HUANG (YELLOW) RIVER
3. What was the center of early Chinese society?
THE FAMILY
4. What did Confucius believe about loyalty and respect towards the family?
RESPECT PEOPLE WHO ARE BELOW AND ABOVE YOU
5. What effect did Confucius’s teachings have on government jobs?
HIS TEACHINGS BECAME THE BASIC TRAINING FOR CIVIL SERVANTS
6. What is the main interest of the Chinese emperor Wudi?
WAR AND MILITARY MATTERS, EXPANDED THE EMPIRE
7. What were the accomplishments of the Han dynasty?
STABLE GOVERNMENT (400 YEARS), DEVELOPMENT OF CURRENCY,
8. What were the accomplishments of the Qin dynasty?
GREAT WALL WAS BUILT, MEASUREMENT, BUILT ROADS
9. Describe the climate of northern and southern China.
SOUTHERN-WARM AND WET, NORTHERN-VERY DRY
10. What is the most important element of early Chinese life?
RIVERS
11. What was one of Shi Huangdi’s most famous accomplishments?
THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA
12. What was the silk road and what effect did it have on Chinese civilization?
ANCIENT TRADE ROUTE BETWEEN EUROPE AND CHINA. PEOPLE WERE
ABLE TO EXCHANGE GOODS AND IDEAS
13. What are some inventions of the Chinese people?
PAPER, SILK, GUNPOWDER, FIREWORKS, BRONZE, WHEELBARROW,
COMPASS, MEDICNES, RUDDER, FLAMETHROWER, SEISMOSCOPE, IRON
PLOW
14. How long did it take to build the Great Wall of China? What was the purpose of
this project?
10 YEARS. TO PREVENT BORDER WARS
15. What was the clay army?
CLAY SOLIDERS MADE TO PROTECT SHI HUANGDI IN THE AFTERLIFE
Make sure you are familiar with Confucius and his philosophy!!!!!