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Transcript
Vocabulary • • • • • • • Monotheistic Covenant Patriarchal Sabbath Prophet Ethics Diaspora Judaism Judaism • Small religion with fewer that 20 million followers • Spread through migration of Jews not conversion of nonbelievers – Known as the Jewish Diaspora • Provides the philosophical foundation for: – Christianity – Islam Yahweh • Holds that there is one all-powerful God – Monotheistic religion • One has an individual personal relationship with Yahweh • Jews are God’s chosen people • God made a covenant with Abraham The Covenant • “ I will make nations of you, and kings shall come forth from you… And I will establish my covenant between me and you and your descendants after you throughout their generations from an everlasting covenant, to be God to you.” – Book of Genesis History Of Judaism • Dates to 2000 B.C. when Jews were nomadic tribe imprisoned by an Egyptian pharaoh • 13th Century B.C. – Moses emerged as a leader to guide the Jews out of enslavement. • Lead them to the Promised Land – which was now occupied by the Canaanites. – Disobeyed God by not taking the land. – Wondered in the Sinai desert for 40 years Ten Commandments • You shall have no other gods before me. • You shall not make yourself an idol • You shall not take the Lord’s name in vain • Remember the Sabbath to keep it holy. • Honor Your Father and Mother • You shall not murder • You shall not commit adultery • You shall not steal • You Shall not lie • You shall not covet Ten Commandments • Basic ethical code that Jews (Christians) follow. • If Commandments were followed, God would protect them and assure them prosperity Jewish History, cont. • After 40 years in the desert, the Jews entered the ‘Promised Land’ under the leadership of Joshua. – battled for control of area for 200 years • King David established a Jewish Kingdom • His son Solomon built a great temple in Jerusalem Solomon’s Temple Jewish History • Israel/Judah became a province of Greece and Rome. – Known as Palestine during this time • Jews revolted against Rome in 66 A.D. – Romans destroyed Jerusalem and the Temple – Exiled from Palestine Elements of Judaism • The Jewish Bible (Old Testament to Christians) consists of three sections: – Torah – law – Neviim – the Prophets – Ketivum – the Writings • Talmud is a collection of Jewish traditions, laws ,religious ceremonies and codes of conduct. Teachings on Law and Morality • The concept of law is central to Judaism. • Torah sets out many laws– Such as cleanliness rules – “kosher” • Prophets taught failure to follow God’s laws would lead to disaster • Taught a strong code of ethics – Urged personal morality – Urged people to help the poor Kosher Rules • law dealing with what foods we can and cannot eat and how those foods must be prepared and eaten. • only types of meat that may be eaten are cattle and game that have “cloven hooves” and “chew the cud.” – No pork – Only fish with scales, no shellfish Diaspora • The scattering of the people, sent Jews to different parts of the world. – Always settled in close-knit communities, obeying their religions laws and traditions • These traditions helped them survive centuries of persecution. Judaism • Considered a major religion for its unique contribution to religious thought. • Influenced Christianity and Islam – All three honor Abraham, Moses and the Prophets • All teach an ethical worldview developed by the Israelites • Shared heritage of Jews and Christians is referred to as Judeo-Christian tradition. Homework Questions • How did the Jews view their relationship with God? • What moral and ethical ideas did the prophets teach? • What is the Judeo-Christian tradition?