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CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
YEAR 10 SPORT SCIENCE
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
The circulatory system is made up of:
 Heart
 Blood
 Blood vessels
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Function of Circulatory System:
1. Circulation of blood throughout the body

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Supply active muscle with oxygen to assist with breakdown
and release of energy during contraction.
Transport blood back to heart.
2. Removal of waste products

By-products of energy production removed by the lungs
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Circulation of blood
 Blood is supplied to active muscles during exercise
to provide oxygen for the breakdown of energy.
 During exercise, heart pumps faster to keep up with
demand of oxygen needed by active muscles for
contraction.
 This causes an increase in heart rate during
exercise.
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Removal of waste
 Through the breakdown of energy during muscle
contraction, carbon dioxide (CO²) is formed.
 Lactate (lactic acid) is built up during anaerobic
exercise.
 Blood is transported back to the lungs, where byproducts including CO² and lactic acid are
removed.
 Carbon dioxide and other excretory products are
exchanged (exhaled) for oxygen (which is inhaled).
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Contribution to efficient movement
 Lungs and heart work together to pump
oxygenated blood to muscles and removal waste
products from deoxygenated blood returning to the
heart from the muscles.
 Trained athletes have lower resting heart rate.
 Average resting HR for teenager: 60-70bpm.
BLOOD
Blood composition
 Plasma
 Blood cells
Function of blood
 Transportation of oxygen to active muscles for
energy production, removal of by-products
 Protection against infection and dehydration
 Temperature regulation and maintenance of body
equilibrium- pH
BLOOD VESSELS
Blood vessels make up the vascular network through
which all blood flows to all parts of the body.
 Arteries
 Arterioles
 Capillaries
 Venules
 Veins
BLOOD VESSELS
Veins and arteries transport blood around the body
 Arteries: away from heart
 Veins: return blood to heart
Capillaries
 Capillaries extent from arterioles to venules
 Capillaries supply blood flow to an organ or muscle and
allow for the exchange of water, oxygen, carbon dioxide and
other waste chemical substances between blood and
surrounding tissues.

Capillaries allow for transfer of
O² from blood to muscles and
removal of CO² from muscles to
blood. CO² is then transported
in blood to lungs, where it is
exhaled, and O² inhaled.
LUNGS
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After exercise, deoxygenated blood from muscles is
transported to lungs via the heart.
CO² is exhaled from lungs, and O² inhaled.
Oxygenated blood is now transported to the body
(active muscles) via heart.
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Two divisions:
 Pulmonary circulation
Arteries and veins transport deoxygenated blood between heart
and lungs, and returns oxygenated blood back to heart.
 (Heart, right side) → Pulmonary arteries → (Lungs) →
Pulmonary vein → (Heart, left side)
Systemic circulation
Arteries transport oxygenated blood to organs, muscles and
tissue around the body, and returns deoxygenated blood back to
the heart.
 (Heart, left side) → Aorta → Arteries → Arterioles →
Capillaries → Venules → Veins → Vena cava → (Heart, right
side)

HEART
BLOOD CIRCULATION
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Blood returning from body via heart:
 Right atrium → Right ventricle → Pulmonary artery
→ Lungs → Pulmonary vein → Left atrium → Left
ventricle → Left ventricle → Aorta → Arteries →
Arterioles → Capillaries → Venules → Veins →
Vena cava