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Cross-Cultural Interactions CHAPTER 21 Document a Day What is happening? Who are the people? What region do you believe this painting represents? What, as historians, can we learn from this painting? Long-Distance Trade and Travel Patterns of Long-Distance Trade Trading Cities: Population, Diversity, Wealth Marco Polo: Traveled to China, Khubilai Khan Political and Diplomatic Travel Mongol-Christian Diplomacy: Western Europe offers the Mongols an opportunity to join forces and fight the Muslims, the Mongols decline and invite the Christians submit to the Mongols Ibn Battuta: Sharia law required Muslims to be knowledgeable of Islam, hence Islamic Scholars traveled throughout Muslim lands. (Sub-Saharan Africa, Middle East, and India) Promoted proper observance of Islam Long-Distance Trade and Travel Missionary Campaigns Sufis Popular: less strict and flexible approach Christians Baltic, Balkin, Sicily, and Spain – lasting influence Sought Mongol and Chinese conversions Long Distance Travel and Exchange Spread of crops, sugarcane, gunpowder, and magnetic compass Integration of goods and ideas Crisis and Recovery: Europe Bubonic Plague Trade and the Mongols 1346: Caffa, 1347: Italy Symptoms and Treatments Swollen lymph nodes and internal hemorrhaging Smells, spells, and prayers Statistics 60-70% would die 25% of population gone within 3 years Social and Economic Effects Severe labor shortages Higher wages and better opportunities Lords and Nobles lose their power, Kings gain power Merchants wealthier than their lords Unable to enforce serfdom Kings instill in ANNUAL TAXES and large STANDING ARMIES High Wealth in cities that suffered many deaths Crisis and Recovery: Europe Renaissance Crusades and Bubonic Plague Art Michelangelo, Leonardo, Donatello Realistic (human features and emotions) Architecture Dome Buildings (technology lost after Rome) Display of wealth Humanist Thought History, Literature, and Philosophy (religious) Promoted active Christianity and a life of example Sought to achieve harmony in religion and ethics Eramus: translated Bible; Sir Thomas More: Utopia Crisis and Recovery: China The Ming Dynasty Yuan Collapsed Bubonic Plague Ming Centralization Abolished all traces of Mongol rule Confucian Education and the Civil Service Exam STRONG central authority Use of Eunichs Economic Recovery Rebuild Infrastructures Promoted manufacturing of goods Cultural Revival Promoted traditional Chinese culture and education Yongle Encyclopedia DBQ WEDNESDAY, November 12th TEST ESSAY Using the Worksheet provided, analyze the 2002 DBQ Documents You may write on BOTH sheets, but I encourage you to write the majority of your information on the planning worksheet REMEMBER: PLANNING IS THE MOST IMPORTANT PART OF ALL ESSAYS!!!
