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Greek vs. Greek Peloponnesian War History Alive Ancient Greece 2.3 Athens • Located on Attica peninsula • Near sea, strong trade, became powerful and prosperous • Long walls – 4 miles – allowed safe transport of goods • Silver mines – helped finance social and military programs • Most important Greek city-state because – Democratic form of government – Strong encouragement of the arts Delian League • Formed after defeat of Persians in 479 BCE • Mutual defense pact against future Persian aggression • Athens became dominant member • Paid annual tribute to Athens for protection • Used these funds to form a naval empire and to fight its major enemy - Sparta Sparta • Located in Peloponnesus • Fertile plain – strong farming economy • Used cheap forced labor for farming – called Helots • Strong stable oligarchic government and military lifestyle • All male citizens performed full-time military service • Dominant military power • Scorned wealth, splendor and the arts Peloponnesian League • Formed about 550 BCE • Helped Athens defeat Persia during Persian Wars • Sparta began to fear spread of Athenian democracy - might lead to uprising of helot class • Began to seek ways to curb Athenian influence Peloponnesian War • Rivalry between Sparta and Athens intensified • Sparta issued Athens an ultimatum – free all cities under its control or face a war – Athens refused • War broke out and lasted for 27 years – 431-404 BCE • Primarily fought between Athens’ Navy and Sparta’s army • Spartan invasion of Athenian countryside in second year of war – Population gathered inside city walls – Terrible plague struck – 1/3 of Athens population died including Pericles • For 26 years fighting continued victories and defeats for both • Persians provided Sparta with funds to build up a stronger fleet • 404 BCE Athens surrenders - fleet destroyed and population starving • Sparta forced Athens to tear down city walls After the Peloponnesian War • Fighting among City-states starts up again • Sparta ruled Greece for a short time • 300s BCE Thebes – aided by Persia – emerged as leader of Greece – other states refused Thebes’ power and fighting continued • mid-300s as a result of fighting city-states Greece is conquered by emerging power to the north – Macedonia led King Philip II • In 338 BCE after conquering it Philip creates one kingdom - Greece