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Syphilis 1) Name of STI/ STD: syphilis street names/slang names: syfy, siff, syph, “the clap” “great imitator” type of STI: bacterial infection, passed thorough one person to another during sexual contact also involves oral or anal sex Transmission Direct Transmission- coming in contact with a syphilitic sore, known as a chancre through anal, vaginal or oral sex Vertical transmission- infected pregnant woman can also pass along the infection to her unborn child Prevention 1) Practice safer sex practices by using condoms each and every time you have sex o Condoms- a latex sheath that is rolled over the penis to prevent secretions including semen from entering the vagina 2) Use a dental dam for protection during oral sex o Dental dams- a thin square of latex that can be used to prevent the spread of sexually transmitted infections during oral sex. They can be bought in some stores, or you can make your own using a condom or a latex glove Fun Fact Dental Dams are called “dental” dams because they were originally designed as a protective measure for dentists working on a patient’s teeth Symptoms Untreated Syphilis infection can progress through four stages: primary, secondary, latent and tertiary most infectious in the first two stages, and does the most harm during the latent and tertiary stage Some people may not experience symptoms at all during some stages, and others may have some symptoms and not others Fun Fact- Syphilis produces a wide range of symptoms that mimic other illnesses. For this reason it has become known as “the great imitator”, and is often very difficult to diagnose. Primary Infection Symptoms single open sore at the point of infection, typically on the genitals, anus or throat sore will typically appear Between 10 to 90 days after infection (21 days on average) and heal spontaneously in 3-8 weeks, but this does not mean that the syphilis infection is gone or that the person is no longer infectious the sore is painless and heals on its own but If you develop this sore, it is very important to seek treatment Secondary Infection Symptoms occur three months after contracting the infection mimic flu symptoms and may include hair loss (including eyebrows and eyelashes), muscle and joint pain, rashes (particularly on the palms and soles of the feet), and fever and swollen glands generally feel unwell and may lose weight these symptoms will typically disappear on their own, but this does not mean that the person is no longer infected or that they are can no longer transmit the infection to others usually lasts 3 to 12 weeks, but may persist for years until the infection moves into the latent stage Latent Infection Symptoms a person may still have “relapses” in which secondary symptoms will reappear this stage will have no symptoms but does not mean they are no longer infected, and in the early latent infection the person may still transmit the infection to others the syphilis bacteria may continue to multiply and infect the body Last for one year to 30 years. Tertiary Infection Symptoms occurs in 40% of untreated infected persons This stage is very destructive which the long-term damage caused by syphilis bacteria results in major internal or external sores, serious cardiovascular and mental health problems, and damage to other organs such as the eyes and ears can lead to death. Impact if not treated can cause potentially life-threatening complications permanent damage to the brain, heart, bones, and blood vessels can cause mental disorders or neurological problems (sometimes) children infected with syphilis at birth or before have congenital syphilis Congenital syphilis cause serious medical complications or death Syphilis can cause lesions and sores on the genitals or anus, it increases the risk of HIV transmission 2) Prevention and testing testing method: serologic testing (diagnostic testing important optimal patient management. Used to screen diagnose with treponema palladium which is bacteria that causes syphilis. Dects antibodies in blood in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). There is nontreponemal and treponemal types available for syphilis testing. Must be require a second test that uses a different method to insure a confirm positive result. Prevention • • • • • • • • • • • • Effective antibiotic treatment Needs to be supervised Mother during pregnancy (foetal infection) Babies require more antibiotics after birth Condoms Abstain or be monogamous: fogo having sex, mutually monogamous sex with a partner who is uninfected. Use latex condom: must cover the syphilis sores Avoid recreational drugs: alcohol and other drugs can cause judgment to unsafe sexual practices Avoid sexual contact if either partner has visible sores, discharge, blisters, or bumps on or around the genitals Request STI testing following any unprotected sexual encounters. If you become pregnant, get tested for syphilis Get examined for any new sores, blisters, bumps, or rashes Treatment Penicillin is the antibiotic most commonly used to treat syphilis. Penicillin is usually given as a shot (injection). If you are allergic to penicillin, your doctor may prescribe another antibiotic in early stages of syphilis, such as doxycycline, tetracycline, ceftriaxone, or azithromycin. Or he or she may desensitize you so that you can safely take penicillin. Later stages of syphilis may require treatment with penicillin. Penicillin is the only antibiotic that should be used during pregnancy. http://sexualityandu.ca/stis-stds/types-of-stis-stds/bacterial-stis-stds http://www.uptodate.com/contents/diagnostic-testing-for-syphilis http://labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/syphilis/tab/test/ http://www.sahealth.sa.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/public+content/sa+health+internet/health+topic s/health+conditions+prevention+and+treatment/infectious+diseases/syphilis http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/syphilis/basics/prevention/con-20021862 http://www.webmd.com/sexual-conditions/tc/syphilis-prevention http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/syphilis/basics/definition/con-20021862