Download Review Page for Earth Processes Final Test

Review Page for Earth Processes Final Test
This page must be completed, signed by a parent and returned on the day of the test.
Definitions:
Magma-molten rock called lava when it reaches surface & hardens to form new crust
P waves-compression waves, arrive first, travel quickly primary go through liquids& solids
S waves-Transverse of shear waves, arrive second, travel slower only go through solid
Focus- the point inside the earth where the earthquake begins
Seismograph-instrument used to record earthquakes
Valley- erosion and weathering carve out rock layers
Compression- stress that squeezes rock layers
Creep-the slow movement of any material down a hill, fence trees lean
Mass movements- a sudden, rapid movement of rock and soil down a slope
Tension-stress that stretches a rock layer (apart)
Flood Plain-deposits of sediment where land becomes flat
Epicenter-where the earthquake is the strongest directly above the focus
Seismic wave- earthquake waves caused by elastic rebound in the Earth’s crust
Divergent- move apart, sea floor spreading
Convergent- move towards one another, mountains
Subduction- oceanic plate goes underneath continental plate, volcanoes
Transform fault- plates slide past each other, can cause earthquakes
Continental drift- theory that earth’s plates move
Athensophere- layer below the lithosphere
Convection currents-causes plate movement
Ring of fire- location of many volcanoes and earthquakes
Be able to:
Identify the three different faults and folds. REFER TO THE PACKET WE DID ON DEFORMATION
LOOK CLOSELY AT THE PICTURES! HINT!
Syncline
Anticline
Monocline
Strike slip fault
Reverse fault
Normal fault
Answer the following:
What is the difference between weathering and erosion?
Weathering is the process of breaking down sediment into smaller pieces and erosion is when it is moved
to another location.
What are tectonic plates?
 They are pieces of the lithosphere that float on the asthenosphere.
 There are two types: oceanic or continental.
 When two tectonics plates meet it is called a boundary or fault.
 Move due to convection currents.
Describe the how the different types of erosion can change how the land looks
Wind- blows loose sediment around and can wear down features (mountains) over time.
Water-Mudflows, landslides, floods- can all move large amounts of material quickly
Glaciers- Picks up and deposits large rocks and other sediments in different places. They cal also carve
our valleys and smooth down mountains.
Gravity- Landslides and steep slopes can cause sediments to move down hill taking land with it.
Essays: (write out notes, not sentences, that can help you answer each question)
Explain how the forces of erosion shaped long island Sound.
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Glaciers traveled through Connecticut pushing sediment in front of them. Once the glaciers starting
receding (melting) it caused the sediment (glacial moraine) to be deposited (left behind) to form
Long Island.
The melting glacier (water) then filled in the long Island Sound.
Waves and wind have shaped the sound since then.
Explain how earthquakes, volcanoes, the movement of plates and erosion can change the way
the Earth looks? Write your answer in 6-8 complete sentences, making sure to give a at least 5
examples.
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YOU WILL NEED TO ELABORATE ON HOW EACH OF THESE CHANGES THE LAND BUT HERE ARE
SOME IDEAS TO GET YOU STARTED:
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Erosion- glaciers, wind, gravity and water all change the land in different ways…
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Volcanoes at subduction zones= make new land or land that is subducted is destroyed
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Convergent= mountains
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Divergent= sea floor spreading= new land
On steep slopes along the sides of new roads, highway department workers often grow plants to
prevent the soil from being eroded. Describe two ways that these plants keep the soil from eroding.
(4 points)
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On steep slopes along the sides of new roads, highway department workers often grow
plants to prevent the soil from being eroded. Describe two ways that these plants keep the
soil from eroding. Roots help keep soil together so that it doesn’t not erode
Leaves help to protect the soil from wind and water erosion ( like an umbrella protects you from
the rain)
Compare and contrast weathering and erosion. Use a graphic organizer to answer the question.
Weathering
 Breaks down materials/sediments
Erosion
 Moves the weathered materials to another
location
 Chemical and Physical
 Occurs by Water, Wind, gravity, and
glaciers
ADD YOUR OWN…
ADD YOUR OWN…
They work together- weathering breaks down the materials into smaller pieces so that erosion can then
carry it away.