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Romanization
Roman Expansion
–
The ETRUSCANS are the original Roman
people. They began to slowly taking over new
territories near and far.
– One of the more difficult rivals was Carthage in
North Africa.
– Rome & Carthage fought 3 wars (Punic Wars)
over trading rights in the Mediterranean sea.
Rome won!
Let’s Get to Work!
Read pages 112-113
Answer questions on page 114
How did Rome Become a Super
Military Power? (Pages 116-117)
1. Army’s Superior Organization:
They used the best military
techniques from their enemies.
2. Lots of Soldiers & Leadership:
• Many legions (6000 men per
legion) led by a Tribune (one man)
• Legions were then divided into
centuries (100 men per century) led
by a Centurion (one man).
3. Strict Discipline:
Disobedience was followed by
consequence like
1. Not getting paid
2. being beaten
3. Demoted (losing your job)
4. Decapitated (losing your head)
5 facts about Julius Caesar 100Bc44BC
1. Assassinated after being given lots of titles
2. Good friend- Cleopatra
3. Adopted son- Octavian, later called
Augustus (first Roman emperor)
4. Very powerful- beat Spain and Gaul
5. Roman senator
Conquered lands
• Each conquered territory became a Roman
province.
• Peace was established and taxes were paid.
• As you can imagine, some submitted to
Roman authority and others resisted before
surrendering (i.e. The Gallic Wars).
The Gallic wars
• Caesar tried to conquer Gaul (now France)
• It took many years but he eventually won.
He used 2 techniques:
1. Taking advantage of divisions or
differences in opinions in Gaul
2. Laying siege- circling the area, starving
the people and forcing them to surrender.
Let’s Get to Work!
Read and highlight pages 116-117
Answer questions on pages 118-119
A quick review- test your memory
• Who are the original peoples that lived in
the city-state of Rome? (Hint, it starts with
a E)
• How did the Roman army become so
powerful?
• Name 2 places that tried for a long time to
beat Rome but failed. How did the
Romans do it?
• Tell me some facts about Julius Caesar?
Rise of the Roman Empire
• Rome was a monarchy till 509 BC
• A new political system, The Republic, was
introduced that was similar to Greece with
elected positions like senators and
magistrates.
The first Roman emperor: Augustus
(27 BC- 14 AD)
•All of a sudden we have
an emperor in 27 BC.
•He is Augustus, Caesar’s
adopted son. (Octavian)
•Augustus kept political
institutions but he really
had the final say in
important matters.
•He is remembered as a
peaceful emperor
Roman institutions
• Magistrates & Senators had the most
power.
• The army often chose the future emperors.
• Provinces were led by governors often
from that province who were “Romanized”
Imperial Rome
The city of Rome
• Rome was home to 1 million (1 000 000)
people.
• The riches Romans got from conquered
territories (like Gaul, Carthage…) were
used to build fancy buildings for different
purposes
(politics, religion, entertainment, &
providing services).
Roman Social Groups
1. Roman Citizens (still only men)
a) Patricians = Rome’s oldest families.
b) Plebeians = merchants & peasants
2. Peregrins or free foreigners
3. Freed Slaves (freed by master or
those who bought their freedom)
4. Slaves
What social group is shown in
this frieze?
What social group is shown here?
How do you know?
What social group is shown here?
How do you know?
Becoming a Roman Citizen
The Roman Empire was growing,
Many people from conquered empires were
allowed to become Roman citizens.
How could one become a Roman citizen?
Any guesses?
You could become a Roman
Citizen if:
a) You are an ally (friend) and settle in Rome
b)Report someone who had misbehaved or
provide a service to the city
c) Be considered “Romanized” enough
d) Serve in the army
How Roman Law Evolved
(changed over time)
Laws were not the same for all citizens.
Laws changed slowly over time when
Emperors wrote new ‘Codes of Law’.
Plebeians (merchants/peasants) demanded to
have more rights. In time, they got these
rights.
3 important laws are:
1. Law of the Twelve Tables
• These were the first of the Roman laws
• They were carved on 12 bronze tables
• The two most important part of these laws
said that:
1. All citizens were equal
2. No citizen could get special treatment or
privileges
2. Perpetual Edict
These laws state that: Everyone everywhere
should follow the same laws.
In other words, if there was a law about how
to treat slaves in Gaul, that same law had to
be followed in Britannia and everywhere in
the Roman Empire.
3. Justinian Code
A person is to be judged for their actions, and
not for what they think.
The person accusing another person of a
crime is responsible for proving that the
person is guilty.
This law is still followed by most countries
around the world todayA person is “innocent until proven guilty”.
Review of the 3 new laws:
• Law of the 12 tables:
• Perpetual Edict:
• Justinian Code:
“Pax Romana”
• This means Roman Peace
• It was enjoyed by the whole Empire after the
Gallic wars.
• This encouraged people to cultivate the land,
handing down land to future generations,
population growth, and prosperity (riches)
Romans were great builders
1. Roads were important for transportation of
troops, goods and tax money as well as being
able to communicate with the whole vast
Empire.
Romans didn’t only use roads but were masters at
sea transportation, rivers and bridge builders
Romans roads can still be found all over Europe
today!
Aqueducts (water bridge)
• Aqueducts were important for making water
available to all major cities.
• They built the first system of running water to be
used in homes and public baths.
• The water system was reliable and durable.
• They had a sewage system too
Note: some parts of the aqueduct system is
still used today!
Trade
• Trade was made possible because of the
Empire’s road system.
• The provinces exported natural resources,
finished products, and slaves to Rome
where the richest lived.
Roman Culture
 Language: Latin became the common
language used for trade, trials, and laws.
 Religion: Romans were polytheists. They
danced and made sacrifices to worship
gods
Roman Culture Continued:
Architecture: Many city buildings today are
designed according to Roman architecture.
Some elements were borrowed from the Greeks
like the Pantheon.
 The Pantheon
was built during
Augustus’ reign
and was built in
dedication to all
the Roman gods.
Roman Culture Continued:
 Entertainment: The Emperor provided
unemployed citizens free food & free
entertainment “bread & circuses” to win their
favour (Coliseum & bathhouses).