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OCR AS/A Level Biology B (H022/422) Module 3 Topic Test – Cell Division, Development and Disease Control 1 Carcinogen W can cause changes in tumour suppressor genes, X. This can lead to uncontrolled cell division and the formation of a tumour which may spread to other parts of the body forming Y. Which of the following responses correctly identifies W, X, and Y? W X A Nicotine Ras mutations B Asbestos P53 metastases C Tar Ras metastases D Benzopyrene P53 mutations Your answer 2 Y [1] DNA barcodes are genetic sequences that allow organisms to be identified. The DNA sequence of cytochrome c oxidase I is a common DNA barcode. Which property of cytochrome c oxidase I makes it suitable for use as a DNA barcode? A location on mitochondrial DNA B slow mutation rate C short DNA sequence D long DNA sequence Your answer © OCR 2016 [1] Page 1 OCR AS/A Level Biology B (H022/422) Module 3 Topic Test – Cell Division, Development and Disease Control 3 Fig. 7.1 below shows onion cells at various stages of mitosis. A B C D Fig 7.1 Which cell shows the stage when the chromosomes attach to the spindle fibres? Your answer 4 [1] Which of the following events would not happen during mitosis in onion cells? A two nuclear envelopes will form B a cell plate will form C centrioles will move to opposite poles of the cell D the nuclear envelope will break down Your answer © OCR 2016 [1] Page 2 OCR AS/A Level Biology B (H022/422) Module 3 Topic Test – Cell Division, Development and Disease Control 5 The genetic diversity of four species was studied by analysing a number of genes. Data from the studies are shown in Table 9.1 below. Common name Genome size (picograms) Number of gene loci studied A Humans 3.50 71 51 20 B House sparrow 1.57 15 10 5 C American toad 6.35 14 10 4 D Atlantic horseshoe crab 2.80 25 19 6 Species Number of Number of monomorphic polymorphic gene loci gene loci Table 9.1 Which species has the greatest genetic diversity? Your answer © OCR 2016 [1] Page 3 OCR AS/A Level Biology B (H022/422) Module 3 Topic Test – Cell Division, Development and Disease Control 6 Amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling are two techniques that can be used to detect chromosomal mutations in a fetus. Which of the following statements is/are true? Statement 1: amniocentesis can be performed earlier in pregnancy than chorionic villus sampling. Statement 2: amniocentesis carries a lower risk of miscarriage than chorionic villus sampling. Statement 3: amniocentesis carries a lower risk of fetal deformities than chorionic villus sampling. A 1, 2 and 3 B Only 1 and 2 C Only 2 and 3 D Only 1 Your answer © OCR 2016 [1] Page 4 OCR AS/A Level Biology B (H022/422) Module 3 Topic Test – Cell Division, Development and Disease Control 7 (a) In 2012, 8.6 million people fell ill with tuberculosis (TB) and 1.3 million died from TB. (i) Describe how the Mantoux test is carried out to diagnose TB. ……………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… [2] (ii) Antibodies are produced in response to the TB pathogen. Fig. 26.1 shows an antibody. Suggest how the structure of the antibody allows it to carry out its role as an: agglutinin…………………………………………………………………….…… …………………………………………………………………………….……...... opsonin……………………………………………………………………..…….. ………………………………………………………………………….…… © OCR 2016 [2] Page 5 OCR AS/A Level Biology B (H022/422) Module 3 Topic Test – Cell Division, Development and Disease Control 8 Viruses are pathogens. They can infect both animal and plant cells. Fig. 4.1 is a diagram of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Y Z X (a) What is the role of structure X? X ………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………. [1] (b) Describe the means of transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and how the spread of the virus can be controlled. …………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… [6] © OCR 2016 Page 6 OCR AS/A Level Biology B (H022/422) Module 3 Topic Test – Cell Division, Development and Disease Control 9 (i) Fig. 6.1 shows the hands of a fetus at two different stages in development. Scale 1mm = 0.25mm Using Fig. 6.1, calculate the growth rate of the middle digit between 48 and 51 days. Show your working. growth rate ……………………………. mm day-1 [2] © OCR 2016 Page 7 OCR AS/A Level Biology B (H022/422) Module 3 Topic Test – Cell Division, Development and Disease Control (ii) Name one nutrient that is required to support the growth of tissues in the developing fetus and state its role. …………...………………………………………………………………………………… ………....……………………………………………………………………………… [1] 10 (a) Robert Koch discovered the cause of tuberculosis (TB) in 1882. This discovery led to diagnostic skin tests for TB being developed. Describe how individuals in the UK are tested for TB today. ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................... [3] (b) TB is sometimes described as a social disease because it can spread easily among people living in deprived communities. TB is found mainly in deprived communities in developing countries, where the disease can be endemic. (i) Distinguish between the terms endemic and epidemic. ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................. [2] © OCR 2016 Page 8 OCR AS/A Level Biology B (H022/422) Module 3 Topic Test – Cell Division, Development and Disease Control (ii) State two reasons why TB spreads easily in deprived communities. 1 .................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... 2 .................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................. [2] (c) TB is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Populations of bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics. Stages in the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria are listed in Table 1.1. Place the stages in the correct order to describe how populations of bacteria become resistant to antibiotics. The first stage has been done for you. D © OCR 2016 ......... .......... ......... ......... [2] Page 9 OCR AS/A Level Biology B (H022/422) Module 3 Topic Test – Cell Division, Development and Disease Control (d) TB claims the lives of many people infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Explain why people who test positive for HIV are at a much greater risk of developing TB than people who test negative for HIV. ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ……………………………………………………………………………………… [3] 11 Kew Gardens is home to the Millennium Seed Bank. (a) (i) Many of the seeds stored in seed banks are given a DNA barcode. Suggest what is meant by a DNA barcode and how a DNA barcode could be used to identify plants with potential medicinal properties. ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................. [3] © OCR 2016 Page 10 OCR AS/A Level Biology B (H022/422) Module 3 Topic Test – Cell Division, Development and Disease Control (ii) Evidence for the effectiveness of medical treatments is obtained from clinical trials. Suggest one ethical issue that a medical practitioner might discuss with a patient who is requesting aromatherapy as a cancer treatment. ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................ [1] (b) Jamie and Mr Rose talk about how smoking tobacco can damage human health. Women are advised not to smoke during pregnancy. Explain how smoking cigarettes during pregnancy can have a negative effect on the baby. ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ .......................................................................................................................... [5] © OCR 2016 Page 11 OCR AS/A Level Biology B (H022/422) Module 3 Topic Test – Cell Division, Development and Disease Control (c) Plants are used in traditional medicine in many countries. The Hausa and Fulani tribes of West Africa use the leaves of the shrub Vismia guianensis in their traditional folk medicine. Recent research indicates that Vismia guianensis may have antimicrobial properties. Suggest two advantages of researching plants already known to work in traditional folk medicine when attempting to find sources of medicinal drugs. ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................... [2] 12 (a) Fig. 4.1 shows the growth rate curve between the ages of 0 and 18 for females without Turner’s syndrome and for females with Turner’s syndrome. Use the information in Fig. 4.1 to answer to following questions: © OCR 2016 Page 12 OCR AS/A Level Biology B (H022/422) Module 3 Topic Test – Cell Division, Development and Disease Control (i) Describe one similarity between the growth rate of females without Turner’s syndrome and the growth rate of females with Turner’s syndrome. ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................. [1] (ii) Describe two differences between the growth rate of females without Turner’s syndrome and the growth rate of females with Turner’s syndrome. ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................. [2] (iii) Predict the effect of Turner’s syndrome on the adult height of females with this condition. ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................. [1] © OCR 2016 Page 13 OCR AS/A Level Biology B (H022/422) Module 3 Topic Test – Cell Division, Development and Disease Control 13 (a) To check for genetic disorders in the fetus, karyotypes are made from cells isolated from a sample taken from the amniotic fluid or chorionic villi. Describe how a karyotype is obtained from these cells. ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................... [5] © OCR 2016 Page 14 OCR AS/A Level Biology B (H022/422) Module 3 Topic Test – Cell Division, Development and Disease Control (b) Genetic disorders, such as the one shown in the karyotype in Fig. 3.1, result from mistakes that occur when a gamete-producing cell divides by meiosis. Fig. 3.2 below is a simplified diagram of meiosis in a gamete-producing cell. Only the X chromosomes are shown. (i) On Fig. 3.2 • label the point where non-disjunction occurs • label a diploid cell. The answers to this question should be drawn on Fig. 3.2. © OCR 2016 [2] Page 15 OCR AS/A Level Biology B (H022/422) Module 3 Topic Test – Cell Division, Development and Disease Control (ii) Explain how non-disjunction can lead to a fetus having the karyotype shown in Fig. 3.1. .................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................. [4] [Total Marks: 57] © OCR 2016 Page 16 OCR AS/A Level Biology B (H022/422) Module 3 Topic Test – Cell Division, Development and Disease Control MARK SCHEME Question 1 Mks 1 Answer B Question Source and Guidance Notes 2 1 C Q5-GCE-Biology B(Advancing Biology)-Specimen-H022/01 3 1 A Q7-GCE-Biology B(Advancing Biology)-Specimen-H022/01 4 5 1 1 C B Q8-GCE-Biology B(Advancing Biology)-Specimen-H022/01 Q9-GCE-Biology B(Advancing Biology)-Specimen-H022/01 6 1 C Q20-GCE-Biology B(Advancing Biology)-SpecimenH022/01 7(a)(i) 2 tuberculin is injected under the skin ✓ Q26(a)(i)-GCE-Biology B(Advancing Biology)-SpecimenH022/01 7(a)(ii) 8(a) 2 1 © OCR 2016 raised hard area after 48–72 hours ✓ Agglutinins idea of the antigen binding site / variable region binding to the antigens and clumping the pathogens together ✓ Opsonins idea of the constant region of the antibody allows phagocytic cells to recognise and engulf ✓ X (surface glycoprotein) for binding to host cell ✓ Q4-GCE-Biology B(Advancing Biology)-Specimen-H022/01 Topics Non-communicable disease, The cellular basis of cancer and treatment Cell division and development, The development of species, evolution and classification Cell division and development, The developing cells: cell division and cell differentiation Practical Skills, Analysis Cell division and development, The development of species, evolution and classification Cell division and development, The developing individual: meiosis, growth and development Demand M H H L M L ALLOW antigen under skin Q26(a)(ii)-GCE-Biology B(Advancing Biology)-SpecimenH022/01 Q4(a)-GCE-Biology B(Advancing Biology)-SpecimenH022/02 Pathogens, immunity and disease control, The immune system Pathogens, immunity and disease control, Pathogenic microorganisms M,H L Page 17 OCR AS/A Level Biology B (H022/422) Module 3 Topic Test – Cell Division, Development and Disease Control Question 8(b) 9(i) Mks 6 2 Answer Level 3 (5–6 marks) The means of transmission is clearly understood and described in detail, using an example. How the spread can be controlled is discussed in detail and the learner considers more than one measure of control. There is a well-developed line of reasoning which is clear and logically structured. The information presented is relevant and substantiated. Level 2 (3–4 marks) The means of transmission is described. At least one good suggestion of how to control the spread of the virus is given. There is a line of reasoning presented with some structure. The information presented is in the most-part relevant and supported by some evidence. Level 1 (1–2 marks) Relevant comment about the means of transmission or control of spread. The information is basic and communicated in an unstructured way. The information is supported by limited evidence and the relationship to the evidence may not be clear. 0 marks No response or no response worthy of credit. Question Source and Guidance Notes 0.58 ✓✓ Q6(b)(i)-GCE-Biology B(Advancing Biology)-SpecimenH022/02 Q4(b)-GCE-Biology B(Advancing Biology)-SpecimenH022/02 Examples of relevant material could include the following: means of transmission 1 Any 1 from: protein for production of new cells / enzymes / skin / bone ✓ Demand L,M spreads from person to person in body fluids named example e.g. from mother to baby in uterus once in blood virus enters T lymphocytes may remain dormant for long period controlling the spread screening donated blood education named example e.g. giving sterile needles to drug users epidemiological testing access to means of prevention e.g. condom clinics ALLOW 2 marks for the correct answer with no working ALLOW 1 mark for calculation without final step 24 – 17 = 7 / 3 = 2.3 9(ii) Topics Pathogens, immunity and disease control, Pathogenic microorganisms Q6(b)(ii)-GCE-Biology B(Advancing Biology)-SpecimenH022/02 Cell division and development, Practical skills, Analysis, The developing cells: cell division and cell differentiation L,H vitamin D for production of, bones / teeth ✓ phosphorus / calcium, for production of, bones / teeth ✓ © OCR 2016 Page 18 OCR AS/A Level Biology B (H022/422) Module 3 Topic Test – Cell Division, Development and Disease Control Question 10(a) Mks 3 Answer Mantoux test ; tuberculin OR TB antigen ; injected (under skin) / AW ; wait 48-72 hours ; Idea of measuring (extent of) inflammation (to determine whether a person has TB); 10(b)(i) 10(b)(ii) 2 2 Question Source and Guidance Notes Q1(a)-GCE-Human Biology-June 2014-F222/01 IGNORE Heaf Test ACCEPT sputum test IGNORE X-rays ACCEPT measuring size of any raised hardened area / swelling Q1(b)(i)-GCE-Human Biology-June 2014-F222/01 overcrowding / AW ; Q1(b)(ii)-GCE-Human Biology-June 2014-F222/01 IGNORE Spreads quickly ACCEPT ‘sudden outbreak’ – look for a time reference DO NOT CREDIT in the context of a pandemic (‘in the world’) IGNORE damp conditions 10(c ) 2 unaffordable / unavailable, diagnosis / vaccine / (named) drugs / healthcare ; IGNORE ref to lack of education weakened immune system / reason for weakened immune system ; IGNORE health care unqualified e.g. malnutrition OR HIV+ Pathogens, immunity and disease control, Pathogenic microorganisms L/M CREDIT hygiene in the context of coughing / sneezing Q1(c )-GCE-Human Biology-June 2014-F222/01 A first and B last ; E before C ; © OCR 2016 Demand L/M ACCEPT a figure within this range or 2–3 days / 2 days / 3 days Endemic = a disease always present in, the population / AW (in a region / country / area / prevalence pool); Epidemic = a sudden / AW , increase in the, number of cases / incidence (in a region / country / area); more people with active TB in community ; poor hygiene qualified ; A E C B ;; Topics Pathogens, immunity and disease control, The immune system Pathogens, immunity and disease control, Controlling communicable diseases L/M Page 19 OCR AS/A Level Biology B (H022/422) Module 3 Topic Test – Cell Division, Development and Disease Control Question 10(d) Mks 3 Answer weak(ened) /compromised, immune system ; T helper cells, destroyed / infected / numbers fall ; (T helper cells normally) activate, other immune cells / B cells ; fewer / no, antibodies produced ; Question Source and Guidance Notes Q1(d)-GCE-Human Biology-June 2014-F222/01 CREDIT reverse argument for immune response in HIV negative people. IGNORE no or lower, immune response Topics Pathogens, immunity and disease control, Pathogenic microorganisms Demand L,M,H Cell division and development, The development of species, evolution and classification L,M,H Non-communicable disease, The cellular basis of cancer and treatment L,M ACCEPT T helper cells infected, attacked, or damaged ALLOW description e.g. No cytokines released to trigger clonal expansion REJECT if T cells producing antibodies 11(a) 3 Barcode Short piece / (base) sequence / length of, DNA ; Q2(a)(ii)-GCE-Human Biology-June 2014-F222/01 IGNORE gene and chromosome throughout from a specific, position / locus, on a chromosome ; 11(b) 1 Use ACCEPT rbcl, matK, trnH-psbA (plastid genomic regions) ITS (nuclear gene region) idea of comparing / matching / similar to, DNA (sequence) / barcode of a known medicinal plant ; idea that similar sequence / barcode indicate related species / related species more likely to have similar medicinal compounds ; idea that aromatherapy alone will not work (to treat cancer) ; Q2(c )(ii)-GCE-Human Biology-June 2014-F222/01 IGNORE gives false hope idea that might negatively affect prescribed treatment ; idea that conventional treatment / medicine might be, refused / given up ; © OCR 2016 Page 20 OCR AS/A Level Biology B (H022/422) Module 3 Topic Test – Cell Division, Development and Disease Control Question 11(c ) Mks 5 Answer carbon monoxide combines with haemoglobin ; Question Source and Guidance Notes Topics Cell division and development, The developing individual: meiosis, growth and development Demand L,M,H Q2(f)-GCE-Human Biology-June 2014-F222/01 Non-communicable disease, Respiratory diseases and treatment L,M Q4(c )(i)-GCE-Human Biology-June 2014-F222/01 Practical Skills, Analysis L,M Practical Skills, Analysis L,M Practical Skills, Analysis L,M Q2(d)-GCE-Human Biology-June 2014-F222/01 ACCEPT forms carboxyhaemoglobin 11(d) 2 nicotine reduces diameter of blood vessels (in placenta and fetus) ; reduces oxygen supply to, fetus / baby ; fetus’s heart beats faster ; (increased chance of) premature birth ; (increased chance of) low birth weight ; baby’s lungs less well developed ; higher risk of, still birth / death in early infancy ; idea of quicker / cheaper / easier (to find , plants / active chemicals) ; ACCEPT vasoconstriction idea of known side effects / interaction ; 12(i) 12(ii) 12(iii) 1 2 1 © OCR 2016 idea that known dosage ; large / rapid decrease from 1 – 3 / 4 years ; both similar for years 1-3 ; both same at,1 or 14.5/15 years ; the growth rate drops between 1 and 10 years ; Turner’s syndrome growth rate lower for more of the time / until 15 ; no growth spurt at puberty / between 10 / 11 ; growth does not, decrease steeply / stop at 18 ; (adult height) will be short(er) / AW ; will reach (own) adult height later / AW ; ACCEPT any figure within the range 14.5 – 15years Q4(c )(ii)-GCE-Human Biology-June 2014-F222/01 CREDIT reverse argument for female without Turner’s syndrome Q4(c )(iii)-GCE-Human Biology-June 2014-F222/01 ACCEPT stunted growth / small stature /small Page 21 OCR AS/A Level Biology B (H022/422) Module 3 Topic Test – Cell Division, Development and Disease Control Question 13(a) Mks 5 Answer 1 culture cells ; Question Source and Guidance Notes Q3(b)-GCE-Human Biology-June 2013-F222/01 2 (chemical added to) stimulate cells to divide / undergo mitosis; 3 stop , spindle being formed / division at beginning of metaphase ; IGNORE ‘stain the cell’ or ‘stain the sample’ 4 (by) adding colchicine ; IGNORE refs to photographs Topics Cell division and development, The developing individual: meiosis, growth and development Demand L,M,H 5 (before staining) (dilute) salt solution added (to burst cells) ; 6 (before sorting) chromosomes / genetic material / DNA, stained ; 13(b)(i) 2 7 (finally) chromosomes sorted into pairs ; (non-disjunction) lower left pair of arrows indicated Q3(c )(i)-GCE-Human Biology-June 2013-F222/01 OR middle left cell ; 13(b)(ii) 4 (diploid) top cell labelled ; the pair of (homologous) chromosomes / sister chromatids , fail to separate ; Q3(c )(ii)-GCE-Human Biology-June 2013-F222/01 Cell division and development, The developing individual: meiosis, growth and development L,M,H during , anaphase 1 / anaphase 2 ; one , gamete / cell , receives 2 X chromosomes ; fertilisation / AW (happens) ; results in , zygote / fertilised egg / cell / fetus , with, 47 /AW, chromosomes ; Total 57 © OCR 2016 Page 22 OCR AS/A Level Biology B (H022/422) Module 3 Topic Test – Cell Division, Development and Disease Control OCR Resources: the small print OCR’s resources are provided to support the teaching of OCR specifications, but in no way constitute an endorsed teaching method that is required by the Board, and the decision to use them lies with the individual teacher. Whilst every effort is made to ensure the accuracy of the content, OCR cannot be held responsible for any errors or omissions within these resources. We update our resources on a regular basis, so please check the OCR website to ensure you have the most up to date version. © OCR 2016 © OCR 2016 Page 23