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Transcript
1. What is the Renaissance? Can you recall why the Renaissance happened? 2. How would you describe the impact the Renaissance had on Europe? Do you believe it had a positive or negative impact? Why? Why do you think the Renaissance began in Italy? Why do you believe the Renaissance began in Italy? Also, list 2 main characteristics from the Renaissance period. Italy encouraged trade. Trade encouraged new ideas / culture. Adventure, Curiosity, Exploration, Education Open up to page 414 Take out Renaissance Men Chart You and a partner must list the accomplishments and techniques on the chart Report accomplishments and techniques on the white board. It was the most widely used book of the time It brought information to large numbers of people quickly, it encouraged the rise of literacy They were both thriving centers of trade for Europe. Religious upheaval, realism in the human form and in daily life, and classical themes They stressed education and classical learning hoping to bring about religious and moral reform. Believed all people should have access to religious and classical learning More believed in a society in which all people were educated. A growing middle class had more money and time for entertainment. Because of the printing press education increased. Book were more available. They helped raise literacy by writing in the vernacular, they focused on individual and religious themes. An emphasis on the individual, realism and the importance of the classics. a. b. c. One way renaissance artists reflected the new ideas of humanism was by painting Large gothic style buildings Stylized rather than realistic people Well known people of the day The word means “rebirth” Started in Italy during the 14th century and lasted for about 250 years. The rebirth of arts and culture will continue to build from this point on. A time of creativity that brought political, social, economic and cultural change better understanding of things from new technologies and creative thinking Why does the Renaissance happen? 1) Crusades Contact with the advanced Arab civilization. Books of ancient Greece and Rome are back. Chemistry, medicine and gunpowder 2) Marco Polo Trade brings luxuries and new ideas. 3) Universities New ideas lead to questions. Even the Church! ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ center of the Roman empire humanists could study ancient art and architecture here The Roman Catholic church supported many artists and scholars location on the Med sea and it’s encouraged trade and supplied the wealth to fuel Italy’s Renaissance Trade routes Gave Italians access to Muslim knowledge. Urbanization = growth of cities lead to an urban society focused on trade. Human Experience = Shift from religion and spirituality to the Focus on Individuals Still portrayed religious figures, but in a classical background Reintroduced classical forms like life-size sculptures • Perspective – Making distant objects appear smaller than closer objects – Gave images depth • 3D • Shading and new oil paints – Made objects look round and more realistic • Study of human anatomy – used life models to portray the human body more accurately A blend of beauty and functionality Rejected medieval gothic styles for classical styles Arches, columns, domes The Cathedral in Florence (Duomo of Florence) Rich merchants and bankers Gained political control of Florence Financial supporters of the Renaissance Ex. The Medici Family of Florence Invited philosophers and artists to their palace During the Middle Ages, art was declining and very little improvements in art techniques were made. Architecture in the Middle Ages followed the gothic style. Linear Perspective – all objects in a painting are proportionate. Landscapes – pictures of the land, flowers, mountains, trees, etc. Aerial Perspective – object become less detailed and distinct the farther away they are in the picture Humanist movement for art to revolve around human ideas and events. New techniques were created to allow the artists to use perspective to create realistic art. Renaissance painters studied Greek and Roman paintings. Most paintings reflected the humanist ideas and either focused on an individual or a human event. Sculptures during the Renaissance often reflected either religious or Ancient Greek and Roman subjects. The primary goal of the sculpture is to capture the human feeling. Church murals were very popular during the Renaissance. The church would pay artists to create elaborate paintings and sculptures to decorate their churches. The most famous is the Sistine Chapel in Rome. Architecture during the Renaissance is based on Greek and Roman styles. Domes, arches, and pillars are common features in Renaissance architecture. 1401-1427, one of the founders of the Renaissance. Painter Known for his use of perception to create 3D images. Famous works include: Madonna with St. Anne (1423) and Trinity (1425). Renaissance inventor, painter and sculptor. *1452-1519 mostly in Florence. *One of the greatest minds in history. * sketched helicopters, machine guns, submarines, and tanks *incredible sketches of the human body and its workings * one sketch recently sold for 11 million dollars at auction 15’ by 30’ on the wall of an Italian church. Moment Jesus tells disciples “One of you will betray me.” Mona Lisa – * most valuable painting the world by da Vinci. • Woman is unknown. • Perhaps a self-portrait of Leonardo as a woman. Painter, Sculptor, Engineer, Scientist, Inventor, Musician • • • Oil Painting Sfumato - painting technique which overlays translucent layers of colour to create perceptions of depth, volume and form. In particular, it refers to the blending of colours or tones so subtly that there is no perceptible transition Renaissance Man Accomplishments Leonardo da Vinci -sketches of nature and models in his studio -Mona Lisa -the Last Supper -sketches of flying machines and undersea boats Evidence of Renaissance ideas and Techniques -endless curiosity -dissected corpses to gain knowledge of bones and muscle system -many different talents: botany, anatomy, optics, music, architecture, engineering -perspective and shading Michelangelo – 1475 – 1564 A.D. sculptor, painter worked in Florence and Rome for the Popes. Bibilical King who killed Goliath. Pieta: Mary holding the dead Jesus after the crucifixion Pope hired Michelangelo to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel – Biblical scenes from the Old Testament. Masterpieces. ▪ Spent four years painting. Much of it on his back many feet above the floor. ▪ Recently cleaned to reveal true splendor. ▪ Most famous scene: God creating Adam. Sculptor Painter Architect Poet 1483-1520. Known for his youth and humanistic approach to art. Studied under Leonardo and Michelangelo. Painter. Famous works include: The Marriage of the Virgin (1504), Stanza della Segnatura (1511), Transfiguration (Unfinished at his death). Raffaelo Sanzio Worked in the Vatican library, painting, while Michelangelo worked in the Vatican Chapel Michelangelo -David -Pieta -Sistine chapel -dome of St. Peters Cathedral -sculptor, engineer, painter, architect, and poet -biblical themes in traditionally Greek style - Raphael -School of Athens - Studied under Leonardo and Michelangelo -blended Christian and Classical Styles -focus on individuals Brancacci Chapel in Florence, Italy Frescoe Tommaso di Ser Giovanni di Mone Cassai Uses space well Shows shadows Gives his figures believable emotional response to the story Used one point perspective Donatello di Niccolo di Betto Bardi Greatest sculpture of Renaissance time • Created in Bronze, Stone, Clay, and Wood • Sculptures represented real, believable, living people, caught in an emotional moment Donatello’s David • Niccolo Machiavelli -1469 -1527 in Florence, • “A prince never lacks legitimate reasons to break his promise.” “Hatred is gained as much by good works as by evil.” It is better to be feared than loved, if you cannot be both. “Politics have no relation to morals.” “The first method for estimating the intelligence of a ruler is to look at the men he has around him.” "The end justifies the means." "Men in general judge more from appearances than from reality. All men have eyes, but few have the gift of penetration." "I desire to go to Hell, not to Heaven. In Hell I shall enjoy the company of popes, kings and princes, but in Heaven are only beggars, monks, hermits and apostles." • • • • • • • Italy. Lived his life for politics and patriotism. Associated with corrupt, totalitarian government because of a pamphlet he wrote called The Prince. Castiglione The book of the -focus on mastering Courtier many fields -how should people act in the noble courts Machiavelli The Prince -put aside high ideals -sparked arguments of the nature of government -focused on the individual ruler -Power Politics -realistic look at politics Painted scenes from Roman myth • One of the most famous Renaissance painters • Greatest English, possibly human playwright ever. Lived from 15641616 A.D. Ideas from the stories of ancient Rome and English history. Most famous works- Romeo and Juliet, Macbeth, Hamlet, and Julius Caesar. Famous quotes from Shakespeare! “To be or not to be that is the question.” “All that glitters is not gold” “O Romeo, Romeo wherefore art thou Romeo?” “All the world’s a stage…” “Parting is such sweet sorrow…” “Beware the Ides of March.” “Then the world is my oyster” “A plague on both your houses” “Cowards die many times before their deaths” Copernicus 1473-1543 Polish astronomer Copernicus Heliocentric universe: the sun-centered universe. The Earth revolves around the sun. Theory? did not get a lot of attention and ideas were ignored. Some insisted theory was fact and were burned by the Church. Ptolemaic/Aristotelian View of Universe. Endorsed by Medieval Catholic Church. Earth Centered! Copernican view of the universe. Sun centered! Galileo – 1564-1642 Disproved many of Aristotle’s theories such as the heavier an object is the faster it falls. Improved on the telescope. Discovered moons of Jupiter and mountains on the moon. Wrote vigorously in support of Copernicus’ theory! Said it was a FACT. The Earth moved around the sun! Catholic Church condemned him. Moving the earth from the center of the universe made the earth, God’s greatest creation, less great, less perfect. Galileo recanted under threat of torture by the Inquisition. Spent the remainder of his life 12 years under house arrest by the Church. The Arnolfini Portrait (1434) by Jan van Eyck One of the first to use oil paints Created pictures with a lot of detail Painted powerful religious pictures Renaissance Popes didn’t want left out of the competition between the merchant cities for the great artists. Popes sponsored many artists to decorate their churches and palaces. Popes also had their St. Peter’s cathedral rebuilt into the magnificent St. Peter’s Basilica – (1570) Renaissance Church in Vatican City, Rome. Commemorates the spot of St. Peter’s burial. Peter a.k.a. “The Rock” 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) It was the most widely read book of its time It brought the information to a wide number of people quickly, encouraged literacy Thriving center for trade and the wealthy Towns people, religious scenes with great detail and vibrant colors, blended classical themes and artistic freedoms Used Italian techniques to enhance German engraving, used oil paints to express humanist ideas 6) He believed all people should have access to religious and classical learning 7) Believed in a society in which all people were educated. 8) A growing middle class had money and time for entertainment. Plays were more widely available bc of the printing press. 9) Helped raise literacy by writing in the vernacular, focus on individuals and religion 10) Expressed universal themes, complexity of the individual, language common people could understand. Hit the emotions