Download MHC structure, function: Why can be the MHC molecules considered

MHC structure, function:
Why can be the MHC molecules considered as chaperone proteins?
What are the basic effector T cell functions which are mediated by the help of MHC molecules?
What kinds of antigens are presented by classical polymorphic MHC molecules?
What domains of the MHC molecules are responsible for the peptide binding?
Which exons are encoding these domains?
What is the role of the signal peptides of MHC I molecules in the immunology?
What properties of the peptides allow them to bind to a given MHC molecule?
What properties of a given MHC molecule allow binding a peptide with specific sequence?
How can a TCR bind to an MHC (-peptide) complex? (CDR regions/loops?)
What is the “MHC restriction” in the T cell activation?
What non-polymorphic MHC-like molecules do you know?
How can you know by their name that they are encoded in the MHC region or outside?
What is the function of HLA-G molecules?
What kinds of antigens are presented by the non-polymorphic MHC-like molecules?
What is the role of FcRn?
Antigen processing and presentation pathways:
What are the general properties of the synthesis and the peptide binding of the MHC
molecules?
What are the general functions of the chaperones interacting with the MHC molecules? What
happens whit the MHC molecules without (proper) chaperon function?
What the “peptide editing” means?
What is the difference between the “house-keeping” and the “immune” proteasome?
How the immune proteasome, the TAP transporter and the MHC I peptide editing are
cooperating?
What inhibits the peptide binding of the MHC II molecules in the ER? Is there exception? What
happen with the newly formed peptide-MHC (I and II) complex?
What molecule can retain the “open” MHC II molecules in the endolysosomal system?
What happens in the case of TAP transporter deficiency?What happens in the case of B2M
deficiency?
What MHC function related microbial immunoevasins do you know? (general functions only)
How the immune system sense the cells with inappropriate (low) MHC expression? Which HLA
isotypes (polymorphic or non-polymorphic) have the highest influence on this? (again: What is
the main HLA-G function, and what cells can be protected by them?)
What is the cross-presentation? What is the importance of the cross-presentation?
What proteins mediates the antigen loading of the CD1 molecules? What are the origins of the
CD1 presented antigens?
Regulation of the MHC gene expression
What effects can influence the cell surface MHC molecule expression?
What is the role of the transactivator proteins?
What other genes are regulated beside the polymorphic MHC genes?
What are the transactivators of the MHC I and MHC II molecules? What molecule family do they
belong?
(What is the enhanceosome? What additiona functions they have compared to a “simple”
transcription factor?)
What happens in the case of MHC transactivator deficiency?
MHC genetics, MHC polymorphism
How the MHC gene region can be subdivided, and what genes can be found in them?
How the polymorphy of the MHC molecules can be manifestedon the surface of a given cell?
What are the human polymorphic MHC I and MHC II isotypes?
What are the most polymorphic parts of the MHC molecules? What this polymorphy influences?
What is the MHC serotyping and genotyping?
Why are fewer genetically identified MHC proteins compared to the alleles?
How much polymorphic MHC I molecules are generally appearing on a surface of a human cell?
What circumstances result fewer type of MHC I molecule number on the surface of the cell?
What are the general properties of the inheritance of the MHC genes? What is the haplotype?
Why we speak about haplotypes in the case of the MHC and not about independent alleles?
What additional mechanisms can increase the polymorphy of the MHC II molecules compared
to the MHC I ? (How could the heterozygous HLA-DP. –DQ, -DR result more than 6 type of MHC
II molecules on a professional APC?)
What is the gene content variability? (In the case of the HLA-DR gene region)
How the alloreactivity is mediated against the “foreign” MHC molecules? (What is the chance to
find an antigen specific T cell which cross reacts with an allogenic MHC?)
What clinical consequences can be associated with the MHC haplotypes? List some general
examples!
What other antigens can induce (alloreactivity mediated) rejection in the case of
transplantation?
Give an example of a classical minor histocompatibility antigen!
What other alloantigens do you know which have high allele frequencies, and can risk the
success of a transplantation?