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BLUMEA 29 (1984) 425-441 A taxonomic revision of paranephelium(Sapindaceae) Maria Davids Rijksherbarium, Leiden, The Netherlands Contents Summary 425 Introduction 425 Paranephelium 426 Notes 428 References Key to the 430 species of Paranephelium ! 430 1. Paranephelium spirei 2. Paranephelium macrophyllum King 3. Paranephelium joannis 4. Paranephelium xestophyllum Miq Excluded Index Lecomte 430 432 M. Davids 434 437 440 taxa to collections 440 Name index 441 Summary Paranephelium Miq. (Sapindaceae) this revision four species are described, is a small genus of which one is from Southeast Asia and West Malesia. In new. Introduction Paranephelium is small genus a tribe of the Cupanieae. fact true that a in the It is Sapindaceae. placed Within this tribe, it is well delimitedand terminal leaflet is in the pantropical recognisable by the present. Furthermore, the seed is nearly always quite remarkable, resembling exactly the seed of the horsechestnut (Aesculus, Hippo- castanaceae). This character it has in common with the closely allied genus Amesio- dendron. At caused the the start quite a of this problem. fruits, in which grapher, fruits. Radlkofer Similarly, a investigation, wide range of (1931—33), the the The flowers show based eight species he search for no whole can be system distinguished in to separate differences, in significant (wall) types his characters distinguished. of the species contrast The with mono- family primarily Paranephelium were on mainly BLUMEA 426 based on different fruit wall types. This is he himself before, years Analogie dessen, moglich, dass flachen.' (It die show, the sharp processes of the matter. nephelium, Radlkofer the fruit wall fruits at his Of the (1933: he the ist Fortsatze spitzen and Euphoria- his changed used 1322) distinguish to the species, mind later the size mainly and he had though even finding that, 'Nach sehr wohl es spater sich ver- Xerospermum- species on.) young fruits flatten later Unfortunately, when Paranephelium (1879: 80): about ziemlich like that, 1984 2, Xerospermum-Arten zeigen, Frucht jungen quite possible, is und No. 29, particularly astonishing, following Euphoria- der an the wrote die was him in this on VOL. - I can shape agree with fully In his on. of Para- key of the mostly only processes immature disposal. Radlkofer described, eight species characters. Besides, collected in another still species appeared to I studied material from the herbaria CAL, revision, vegetative on Borneo, in occur time. more recent For this based kept three, I have undescribed and FI, K, L, M, P, SING. I wish and to thanks many express experienced of guidance to tutor, Dr. P.W. Leenhouts, for his patient my work. my PARANEPHELIUM Sumatra Paranephelium Miq., Paranephelius Poeppig 75.1). -Type: Mildea Ann. Miq., (1866) 63 P. Mus. Bot. in Hiern to medium-sized axial parts of leaves cent; hairs solitary, with corresponding grey 1.5 to developing. not at brown mm the leaflets terete, in Pflanzenr. (1843) 42, Fl. 3 (1867) 88, nom. xestophyllum Miq. (= Brit. India to trees, 1 98 (1933) 1321-1326; non 248 t. illeg.; P. 675. (1875) no the lobed shrubs. (Compositae; see ICBN PI. Cub. ramiflorum Hiern Griseb., non Cat. xestophyllum). — Type: S. yellow puberulous smooth to triangular thickened, Leaflets (sub)opposite, (in tate; apex emarginate or or with fine not wrinkled with at sometimes glabres- 5-grooved, fissures, light yel- few (until cracked) to many the base the lower paripinnate, stipulate, glabrous to one 1—6-jugate, hairy; petiole and hollowed above, small lenticels; thickened, than those of the lateral the petiolules petiolule of the wrinkled. widest about, sometimes above the middle, especially (rarely) the lowermost young leaflets, variably longer mostly the terminal leaflet the middle smooth, variably grooved, terminal leaflet somewhat tomentose, leaf-axil, mostly only or in size towards the top, conical, to terete, sometimes verrucose in the two spirally arranged, impari- to Twigs buds, on branching points), at redbrown, often with many small orbicular lenticels buds often ribbed Indumentum twigs (especially on scales. glandular pith, blackish to sometimes infructescences, and accrescent winged, finely in M. often still present simple; diam.; Leaves the base cylindrical so Lugd.-Bat. Hook.f., inflorescences, up 3 Sp. xestophyllum). Small or Gen. xestophyllum Miq. shoots and low Nov. (Piperaceae). -Type: Scyphopetalum (= P. (1861) 509; Radlk., Engl. Endl., & pair), rounded the uppermost pair thick to papery ro of leaflets, seldom beneath coriaceous; margin entire caudate. Nervation open, midrib and to den- nerves M. Davids: raised sunken to is florous or mainly the at several-flowered different (of length; pedicels up for ing persistent in the 1 to up a shaped; at induplicate after quincuncial, boat-shaped, entire, while the fruit unguiculate scale petalar ler than petal, and fleshy and filaments the tubercle hairy; (1 flat densely at strongly (see or to set with knob ± disc entirely, + rim 2) 3 one Stamens thick of long lobes up without to x mm 1.5 1 in mm thickened and vestigial lignified, the base, at ribbed mm or style, still enlarging obtriangular, to to absent. Petals glands rhom- the base at laxly woolly; to sometimes smal- margin emarginate erect to curved in- to orange loculicidal, to or the margin adnate 3 high (see fig. c), mm on the set further connate to erect to the glabrous; at narrow, dehiscence lateral. densely long, to all thin anthers attached length; extremely long, sometimes corrugated flat to tomen- exserted in male flowers, diam., laxly with tubercles, each glabrous strongly to (stiff-)woolly. minutely to pistil, longer densely short curved Ovules 1 than the strigose; stigbackwards, conical, 0.5—1 per x 0.5—1 cell, on a ascending, epitropous. Infructescences drooping, glabrous fig. 3d-g) capsular, (depressed-)globular, densely 1 0.8—2 mm, to the thickened base of the central axis, valves, starting to glandular hairs; pistillode 3-angled a cup- spreading ± linear, to quite late, upper half their connective hair up and 0.3—0.5 with short spiny, up free, reaching 0.8—2 erect + (or 4) cells; style simple, apical mm ovate petal, larger flat ring but for a 5—8(—9), hairs, receptacle mostly glabrous the ± undulate, both sides orange woolly, particularly staminodes sparse 1—4-lobed; or to unisexual, aestivation apert free, obdeltoid, roundish, to tubular collar to flowering branch, nearly totally reduced, outside adnate linear, to often bear- yellow pubescent off axes same flower-parts; plant separate lobes, upper (and side) margin globular, sessile, bearing shaped: broadly truncate, thread-like, red; 1—3.5 ovary, mm, variably obtriangular dark falling to base, rarely bearing a infructescences), broadly dense many deltoid large to margin ciliate, half orbicular, sometimes erect glabrous. Pistil: ovary ma an the at the upper margin. Disc composed receptacle the to sepals, narrowly the (in aestivation apart, margin to narrowly triangular, of the connate unequal, outside white plate into numbers with together to divided into 2 wards, covering different branches, of about the axes bracteoles rami- solitary many rule, 5-merous, functionally a very with infructescences); developing receptacle sericeous, base and lower at the medially the than in the cymule; a persistent ± petaloid, not ovate the to sometimes develops, boid, spatulate, slenderly to inside white (4-)5(—7), longer as with irregular transition equal tose/velutinous, into actinomorphic and with few set in diam.; bracts mm the lower of which (4—)5(—7)-merous, the to anthesis, 0.2—0.5 when the or axillary, the top, several to dense cluster of a (even remaining developing very Calyx sepals time oblique-erect, increasing together long, mm buds, Flowers mm. monoecious. at long sometimes one sometimes regular, or 3.5 to the axil 2 serial upper form may ending blindly, Inflorescences the main axis together; their number cymules, often tooth. a unbranched; branches to orders) in thyrsoid, large, stout, woody erect, flexible and clustered base, either nerves ending one 427 of Paranephelium prominent; second (mostly pseudo)terminal, small, delicate, to beneath above, dentate each margin Revision dehiscing to tomentose. either with 3 irregularly tearing apart; smooth, outside glabrous or 4 fruit wall to Fruits (unequal) warty to minutely hairy, 428 BLUMEA inside hairy, densely 2.5-12 any) to spines, sometimes still or a one of bulging (composed (vestigially) testa short, thick, lignified funicle; the septae, dark on which the 2 5—7 to the hard 1.5—4 0.5-0.8 shell, aril, cm, no mm thick, (or 1) undeveloped ovules ventral, (see fig. 3i); (see fig. 3h); testa a thickened slightly-bent; cotyledons ± at 2- the remnants a for the of white large close- integument triangular pouch sec- attached with hilum inner a slightly ± often covered with the membranaceous embryo, coriaceous, forming 6—7 mm; rootlet x a 1.5—2.7 x % of the surface of the to spot covering up ly adhering redbrown, to 1, sometimes depressed-globular, developed, horsechestnut-like, above the protruding Seed style. if (incl. spines inconspicuous; top flat, to sometimes spines), connate wall woody fibres, the remainder of the bearing 3-lobed in accordance with the valves, hilum, glossy 1984 2, of radial loosely composed to No. 29, thick; valves clearly separated by ridges mm sunken ond VOL. - rootlet, equal, longitudinally superposed. Distribution. Four Burma) unto specimen statement Ecology. forest, part near Philippines Mainly later trees on in his treatment sometimes in dry or does are cite his not eastward found (1931: 16) source, men- does he nor of the genus. or m. eaten of the higher understorey forest, especially in secondary forest, rarely In Borneo, the seeds (Yunnan, Hainan, most 1 & 2. Radlkofer evergreen 0-300(-700) Asia the Borneo), figures see of the lower canopy forest, Southeast in and from Celebes. He and the lower hillside; altitude sal of the seeds. N (Sumatra (122° E), mixed deciduous streams, 25° from Malesia key Paranephelium confirm this rain species, S in West the on tions in his 5° Nothing primary in the moist scrub; typical of lowlands is known about the by monkeys, possibly also disperother by mammals. Uses. seeds was the genus is Economically firewood. The as used as seeds are illuminant; an not eaten, baked The really important. or cooked, and it is also used for skin wood is in the past merely good the oil from the complaints. NOTES Leaves Although only one the species, main P. species, paripinnate leaves exclusively paripinnate his new species P. genus character is the presence of macrophyllum, are leaves. that hardly a terminal regularly found, though no collections Remarkably, Gagnepain (1947: 165) poilanei 'paripenne', there leaflet, is deviates from this rule. In the other were seen with calls the leaves of whereas among his syntypes, no paripinnate leaf has been found. In stop a two P. species, abruptly widely emarginate Sex of the flowers The xestophyllum in very flowers large leaflets, and P. joannis, while the the growth mesophyll is still apex and towards the apex betweenthe of the midrib developing; nerves seems to this causes bulging mesophyll. and monoecism are functionally unisexual, containing dehiscent staminodes or developed stamens and a either small a developed pistil and in- pistillode. Sometimes, both M. well equally are organs Davids: Revision 429 of Paranephelium that the developed, suggesting flower could be bisexual as well. Most collections bear flowers of male and female both In the latter only. one sex flowers, though dioecism may case some bear to seem occur. Flowers In all in which cur, flower had a filiform initial of flower one in cates this ment of the his From a num- oc- one this could be the entirely an exceptional mixed with up, pistil. the notes from the filaments in Flowers the other lobes; petals; seemed filaments have been misled must as grown. In wrongly organs by or by to be hairy the local and lengthwise loose hairs from the indi- even detach- petals. early stage or laxly set be found within The valves one by or a with It the fruits contributed woody already, are covered with flattened wall is spines or spines be stressed hardly can to same the under- bulbs. or with of composed bulbs, or thick wall and very dense a woody Finally, the surface may be densely covered with that enough a different wall stout types even collection. one matures. collected from the Leighton 59, considerably three small seeds. The be about can seed on, densely mature. has months, of the fruit. development very when spines material from Borneo, M. new fibres and is smooth dom, he drawings; around the testa only the replacing interval of several an of the standing can of the primordia bud and given. Nooteboom 131 7 shows sepal. with the alternating right place big as irregularities are (see fig. 3d—g) with radial the examples twice are show may few a of the fifth place the disc 972) incorrectly epidermis The arrival of hard lobes sepal the on at the vegetative Gagnepain (1950: tree not (JPoilane 20287) a of the organ petals. Only and organ outside but the flowers macrophyllum, sepals two or petal, a of petal-like a hairy for instance Fruits P. species except ber, size, and shape The complete in size, equal which fruit opens either desintegration, the is remarkable as in the whole fruit dehiscence of the valves, by woody fibres loosing their or at ran- structure and falling apart. There phelium and seems to be in his tribe the fact that some the a description, only Unfortunately, most described characterised also mature are an be by fruits opening with valves, irregular. Muller & Leenhouts Cupanieae sizes of fruits collected Miquel (1861: 509) enlarged may Nephelieae. close connection between the In the the which is dehiscence characterises Radlkofer's ed contradiction between Radlkofer's inclusion of Parane- Cupanieae, and the An irregular (1976: 418— dehiscence 419) suggest- Nephelieae. (that is, dehiscent) fruits have been given. immature. aril around the seed. This aril turned out to be hilum with the membranaceous remnants of the septae. Amesiodendron Hu Amesiodendron is the genus it A. was at first described. It is integrifoliatum most closely monotypic, and A. tienlinensis the allied to Paranephelium only species being probably are synonyms). A. in which genus chinense (of which 430 BLUMEA The Leaves der and long stout, 1.5 genera differ two short, up 8 to the not 1984 2, two sufficiently in in the in the seed and in the main follows: are as towards the size The them separate. keep top; petiolule slen- small, always narrowly elliptic (3.5—4 serrate; veins and veinlets very branching are genera to Paranephelium accrescent Leaflets long. mm wide); margin even cymules. Flowers relatively small; times Inflorescences conspicuous. disc smaller than diam.; filaments hairy; ovary 3-lobed, without tubercles, shortly haired. in globular (if bilobed leaflets paripinnate, as mm Fruits not the Still, in which Amesiodendron differs from points as resemblances between the striking most flowers. No. 29, VOL. - 1 plus seed is one bump bumps (being the suppressed fruit wall knotted and dark developed; are when immature, smooth and woody 2 developed) plus if 2 seeds light coloured, woody when lobes), coloured, mature. REFERENCES F. 1947. GAGNEPAIN, 1950. MIQUEL, MULLER, Sapindacees Fl. Gen. Sapindacees. F.A.W. 1860—61. J. & relation nouvelles to In: taxonomy. 1: 1976. A The en hare survey of general 13: 63-72. Syst. 915-989. Sumatra, zijne plantenwereld P.W. LEENHOUTS. Notul. litigieuses. ou Indo-Chine, Suppl. of the evolutionary significance 1-656. voortbrengselen: pollen types exine. in the Linn. Sapindaceae Soc. Symp. in Ser. 1: 407-445. RADLKOFER, L. de botanists 1931-34. 1879. etc., Ueber reuni Sapindaceae. KEY 1 A. In: Hollandisch-Indiens. Sapindaceen Engler, TO THE a. Margin of the leaflets dentate b. Margin of the leaflets entire 2a. 3 die 1877: Amsterdam, en a Das 70-133, Pflanzenreich SPECIES OF Act. Heft 98: 1-1539. PARANEPHELIUM 2 3 Midrib of the leaflets above visible b. Midrib of the leaflets above a. Nerves straight, abruptly fig. 3a) (leaflets in diam., the up to x veins may invisible entirely sunken, curving 52 l.P. 22 near more 2. P. large, scalariform densely with petiolules lax; inflorescences stout, curving gradually; sometimes scalariform; diam., at inflorescences veins leaflets delicate, laxly to up up to 20 reticulate 42 cm x 14 (cf. fig. 1. Paranephelium spirei spirei Lecomte, Pflanzenr. Acta 98 (outside Borneo up to up 30 Lo seen), Hainan, Notul. Sin. in 3 Syst. 2 (1955) Anon., Yaxian. to (cf. mm cm joannis Borneo 4 mm in cm) xestophyllum Lecomte (1911) 6; (1933) 1326; Gagnep., Phytotax, P. hairtanense least 20 3b) (outside cm), petiolules 4. P. P. least 4 at 3. P. Nerves spirei macrophyllum .... veins margin; if leaflets cm), become the long b. international Congres 216-254. Fl. 400. Fl. Fl. -Type: Hainan 3 Gen. Indo-Chine Gen. Indo-Chine Spire 1158 (1974) 89, 575, (P), f. 1 (1912) 1026; Radlk., Engl. Suppl. Laos 587. - 1 (1950) 972; (Indochine): Type: How & Ho, Cahn trap, fl. Wang 45007 (not M. Davids: Tree, up present 3.5—7.5 Twigs 1—2.5 1.6—11 margin, Flowers free, 1.2—2 woolly the up bearing wall 0.7 to to protruding Field to 6 to up mm up densely curved Petals mm. 2—3 high, 4.2 spiny, swelling. dippled and dense, Bole may reddish but said scented, white to (like be to yellow. Distribution. China sula. Fig. in or nerves long mm long, wide, widest as symmetrical margin to slightly (sometimes to strongly to branches at the shaped, up 16 0.8—1.7 x diam., erect 2 (1) or Pometiaf, by sometimes rounded, outside 1—2 x 3—4.3 to minutely hairy; top firm, 7 or fruit cm; broadly ovate, fluted. Bark smooth shortly for mm. mostly single, pyramidal inner bark to flat to a rugulose, hard lamellate; wood hard termites. Leaves all green. Flowers Fruits dull brown laxly petal except or to to up rim sometimes absent. Stamens x the sometimes to mm, 3 cells. Infructescences glabrous or or 1.5—2.5 lobes, velutinous. Fruits 2.5—4 coppicing to acute scale sometimes adnate to the near sometimes bracts cm, connate elliptic, to midribof to branched axis, early, equal very 1.2—2 angle a stout to receptacle ovate an densely reticulate, terminal, mostly to slender-conical attacked at curving abruptly sometimes broadly laxly strongly brownish black. to Indochina (Hainan), minutely beneath —18(—25) rachis and the (Laos, Vietnam) Penin- Malay 1. CHINA. Hainan. INDOCHINA. MALAY Santisuk 46662, Pen Perak, How Laos. & B. N. Yala, K. Ecology. corded from Than Tiang, 70602, Spire PENINSULA. thiwat; Hulu a flat; to 5 (—7), Pistil: to petiole, acuminate, cuspidate apex divided into 2 separate spines be base bulging; densely hairy; and mucronate, acute rounded nor as tooth; veins laxly axillary mm long. mm laxly notes. 2—3.7 times to long; 5, variably fruits, glabrous to 1 cm, furrow) glabrous; petalar straight, not a a to nerves diam., petiolules induplicate, opening to margin, emarginate filament in of the yellow, laxly often rounded in the terminal leaflet. Nervation: triangular, linear, sometimes upper Disc 8, to in long, cm quincuncial 0.5—1.8 x (in Inflorescences narrowly mm mm mostly regular. Sepals aestivation unequal, ending one the base on pubescent. to often dark obtuse—rounded-attenuate; 6 to tomentose brown, and beneath, and distant, gradually curving, 8—28 clustered, mm. tomentose surface flat long), cm dark to 2—14.5 x to raised nerves mm 2nd every 4 to up scalariform. rarely 5 5—25 tooth up a above midrib and laxly acute cuneate, (acumen 55—75°, 1.5—3 long, cm thick papery, middle, dentate, caudate 2—4-jugate, mostly shrub. Indumentum often still a infructescences, diam., smooth, light sometimes midrib above asymmetrical, weakly) d.b.h., rarely in cm in diam. Leaflets 5—34 mm about the in mm petiolules, hairy; petiole 20—30 high, m 431 of Paranephelium axial parts of leaves and Leaves tomentose. and 25 to twigs, on Revision Cahn Peninsular 362 To. trap, type Thailand. (BKF), Banang Sata, — Perlis. Ridley Lau of P. 584, spirei. Wong Sangkhachand Than To 110 Waterfall; 15108, Chupung. - Kam = 9 BKF Smitinand Perak. Dist. Shan, Ngai Vietnam. - collections. 32388, 10999 KEP/FRI Nara- = BKF 15810, Jeram Benuas. In evergreen moist 70746, Yaichow; 1158, forest or gentle slopes; Recorded fl. in March and May, fr. sometimes in thicket, often soil clay, loam, mainly in or rocky along rivers, sand; alt. May—July, though also 100—500 re- m. also in other months. 432 BLUMEA 1. Fig. Range Uses. of morphological VOL. Lecomte Paranephelium spirei The seed may be Note. The - No. 29, and P. 1984 2, eaten. slight disjunction differences. In in the distribution Indochina, twigs area is and leaves the apex of the terminal leaflet is much shorter than in the 2. Paranephelium P. macrophyllum King, Fl. Craib, Trees Siam. near G. J. En. f. coll. 1 As. Soc. Beng. 65, buds, light sely long, to 1021 (CAL, widest about the nerves; and dark brown. Leaves mm base by some more minor hairy and Peninsula. not seen; Pflanzeni. Plants iso 98 (1969) Fl. Mai. Pen. 1 (1922) 509; (1933) 1323; Corner, Wayside f. 118. -Lectotype (present K, L, M), Malacca, Perak, on limestone rocks 1-1885. young shoots 1.5-4 much Malay (1896) 450; Ridley, 211;Keng, Malayan Seed Bujong Malaka, hairy; petiole ii (1926) 334; Radlk., Engl. Tree, sometimes shrub, 4.5—12 on paralleled are macrophyllum King (1952) 594, author): King's Miq. xestophyllum 11.5-20 in diam. middle, symmetrical m high, inflorescences, 10—40(—60) tomentose. 3—5-jugate, glabrous cm long, Leaflets 3—6 6-32 x mm in 3—13 or asymmetrical, in d.b.h. Indumentum 10-15 diam.; petiolules cm, cuneate, mm in diam., sometimes midribbeneath spar5 —17( —27) 1.3—3.3 times thick pergamentaceous, surface to cm Twigs often especially as bulging long as mm wide, between the in the terminal leaflet, M. Davids: Revision rounded, sometimes slightly attenuate; margin dentate, to apex not. 45° and form, the apex, 5-26 at the near margin, 25—60 single, ly late, equal, angular to up the 7 deltoid Field scarcely notes. 1.5—3.3 rather drooping, young leaves conical, Erect mm, curved, tree sharp weak to a outside 1 to mm. 2-3 high, (or4) Fruits 2—3 Flowers relative- 2.5—3.7 bole Bark bearing densely spiny, cm, top flat to in diam. Sta- mm erect or obtri- 5, scale lobed cells.Infructescences x glabrous; spreading. mm. Petals glabrous; petalar flopping shrub, the branches 1.2—2.3 x scalari- to stout, often quincuncial, opening mm pointed, 15 to at leaf, abruptly curving terminal, bracts up cm; Pistil: 3 long. mm branch; glabrous. pink or bright pink crimson light white stamens hard, leathery, protruding. to slightly slanting, smooth, greenish grey to to dark glossy, pinkish red; petals pink to red; ovary when in full flower. Fruit light to above, green paler beneath, red, with the edge almost spiny, strongly ribbed by the to veins. Inflorescences numerous and to reddish. to white, petalar scale (bright) yellow hairy; Flowers said style crimson; to be fragrant; sepals cherry splendid looking a tree grey, rich red towards the centre, greyish brown, silvery to (immature). Distribution. MALAY (K), s.n. 3.5 to up sometimes to 40 to Disc up mm. ± or nerves greyish brown; inner bark light red; wood white. Twigs reddish brown. Leaflets pale red 0.8-1.8 x strongly branched, to axillary long; mm mucronate the central part of the slightly curved, to 4 to tooth; venation lax, reticulate a ovate, acute, 1.0—2.1 broadly 6 per to up slender spines x filament fruits, in in connate, aestivation receptacle to 1.0—2.0 8, or 16 ending Inflorescences the at 65-80° to distant, straight one roundish, 1.0-2.0 to emarginate, mens 5, base, tomentose; branches up cm, regular. Sepals the at mm 2nd every inconspicuous. ± 90° midrib from to tooth up midrib invisible; deeply sunken, nerves a abruptly short-acuminate, ± sometimes midrib and Nervation: above angle an rounded, to emarginate 433 of Paranephelium PENINSULA. Kedah Cultivated dens, pore De Peninsula. at Peninsula: Leiden Botanic 2. Thailand. 5 collections. - Kedah. Bell Haniff & 17 collections. Perak. - Java: (Indonesia, Bogor 96, 111), at Fig. Peninsular Peak, Sunling. Silva (Malay Malay Botanic (Netherlands: Gardens, Sappi Garden, III.J.25), Botanic bin Garden, Hassan SF at Ceylon (Peradeniya Leenhouts 1947), and at Gar- Singa- 18184). Doubtful: MALAY PENINSULA. Perak. Ecology. less limestone; July In open, frequently and Uses. on secondary cliff alt. 0—300 m. or the Fl. in coll. 50 (SING), Lambasu forest and evergreen scrub, top of two a hill, on Bukit. along rocky localities; periods, March—April and rivers, in plains, soil rich, often July—Sept. on and fr. in Oct.—Feb.(—April). The oil of the seed is used Notes. Corner tree a Cantley's much (1952) resembles a notes sapling the as Kasai with toothed, ribbed leaflets, but the absence of stipule-like leaflets when sterile. Formerly, it because the oil from the was large at lighting oil and skin oil. about the species: following the (Pometia) flopping habit, base of the much grown in seed in its flushes was used an striking pink small leaves smaller number of leaflets and leafstalk will easily distinguish it villages as 'The of reddish in the North of the country, illuminant in lamps, but with the 434 Fig. BLUMEA 2. Range of The are slender The petiole (1.5 constant 3. mm Descriptio axialibus diam., puberuli. and leaflets in a joannis M. Davids. a weed and is seedling being clearly a P. M. Davids, typi: Arbor foliarum Folia 20 in et 2-jugata, mm coriacea, superficiei planae, apex admittens prominuli, infra: 60—70°, linea nerves non costa recta m spec. alta, 35 tomentosa in in 2—4.5 and cm macrophyllum, beneath), Foliola all 1- are but parts or but 2-jugate differs in an ap- on are the often twigs, pe- relatively 11—15 descriptionem, laesus; abeuntes 3a. Indumentum crassa. 10-28 maxime Fig. flavum (sparse) cm basis et foliolis 2.5-4 cm, ratione aequilateralis, supra: costa prominentes; ab costa, usque incurvantes Ramuli 6—15 subito mm in 2—2.9, acuta mm prope 6 (inferiore parte ac mm in in costa diam.; petioluli medio latissima, cuneata; prominens in fossula, nervi ramulis, praesens in tomentosum. longus, x 4.7-9.5 infraque nitida; nervique - rhachi, petiolulis costa); petiolus supra nov. inflorecentils, in diam. longi, to 2—4-jugate. are 6-8 mm likely macrophyllum, apex, and the leaves cuspidate not complaints.' diam.). (midrib nervisque, superiore parte costam 1984 character: the midrib of the leaflets is visible above. Other differen- Paranephelium joannis partibus vel and P. coll. 50 looks like P. Cantley's and the leaves integer; 2, in the indumentum, which is much denser and is also found are tiole, petiolules small, No. become little else than slender with more collection parently ces has plant collection Leenhouts 1947 is the leaflets a 29, with except in Perak. The oil of the seed is also used for skin met with VOL. Paranephelium macrophyllum King advent of kerosene, the be - margo nervi plani distantes, angula marginem, venae ad dense M. Davids: dense longa, cm quincunciali, 5; lamina 1.5—2 ad 2.5-3 Fructus L. near satis absentes. 13 in diam. Leaves mm rachis, leaflets above: 1—8 long, 6—24 in diam. (mostly) widest above ing between the emarginate sunken 20—38 ed, bracts 6, small the scale lobed, claw Stamens 7 cm sweetly red to to 8, Bole notes. Bark BORNEO. For. Sarawak. Dept. 7 collections. Ecology. slopes; Fl. in in margin; to sometimes x long. laxly x 0.6—1.8 up to 1 mm to a densely spiny, protruding brown, pale, in bud grey white. Fruit or spines large 36 to (in a cm; case of relative- plate little lobe pilose; petalar in diam. mrp with up to 6 slender conical in between, gla- bulge. to 1.5 whitish, yellowish to to spines rounded sometimes green whitish visible), Petals 5, 2.5—3.5 the sometimes with buttresses up to 6 or Infructescences tubercles with slender top flat 5 mm. glabrous apex mostly in very to spatulate, high, bulg- and often cluster- branches up scale), narrowly mm wide, distant, straight quincuncial, opening Pistil: 3 cells. to stout irregular. Sepals 0—1.0 mm, outside Disc flat to (always mm densely strigose; as margin entire; furrow veins 7—22 when dried 6—25 terminal, petiole, veinlets, long as entirely acute; a and petiolules surface 45—80°, tomentose veins Twigs 6- the on m brown, yellowish, (pale to high, soft to hard. or with hard, up Flowers greenish) brown, black. Sarawak on tomentose. cuspidate, raised to or mm thick, fibrous; sapwood fragrant, white, the to axillary mucronate grey acute midrib to mm. cm, straight, smooth, Borneo, W. Koetai, 1.7-3.7 times asymmetrical, mind the case, 0.9—2.0 rounded x d.b.h. Indumentum cm in diam.; mm cm, mucronate, 0.8—2.3 acute to 3.5—4.5 x Petala longum. Pistillum mm East rarely nerves, connate, aestivation receptacle Distribution. Borneo. tan. yellow invisible, 0—1.7 x to near regular filament 2—4.5 to ± Central (L), 20 1.5—2 undulata, tomentose, glabrescent 3—7 (slightly) curving densely short-strigose; to roots. 1 midrib the latter Fruits 2.5—4 Field to the ovate, (in ad 4.5 10—40(—60) 4-22 x not, or Inflorescences Flowers 1.5—2.1 or pyramidal stilt at to absent above brous mm. deltoid to fruits. 8 unequal), very ly late, or above long, densely cm to up 3460 middle, coriaceous, mucronate scalariform. laxly long, cm 10-51 symmetrical slightly curved, abruptly to leaflets 8—25 slightly raised; angle to filamentum often midrib, about the base rounded, to and high m 3-jugate, (laxly) or Leaflets or nerves; Nervation: damaged. nerves 2- midrib; petiole mm F.H. Endert s: leaflets beneath: petiolules, 8; circa aestivatione x 1.1—1.6 mm. squama axial parts of leaves and infructescences, twigs, on u 0.8—1.8 pilosa, saepe rhachis fasciformae; ac regulares. Sepala 5, mucronatus, parte 7 vel Flores fl. Petah, 20-IX-1925, Tree, sometimes shrub, still present apex mm, exteriore T y p — vel terminales longae. mm diam. Stamina in mm 3 435 of Paranephelium solitariae tarde, deltoidi; X 0.2-0.7 0.2-1 Discus mm. 36, ac aperientes se parva, 3-loculare. no axillares tomentosa; bracteae Inflorescentiae scalariformae. Revision two Jan.—Feb. In S — S b 2. Chew Wee Lek 23473, a Fig. a h. Ulu 1053, Baiam Dist., SungeiMelinau,4°03' N, 114°50' E; Dapoi, Tinjar, Marudi, primary (dipterocarp) forest, soil alluvial, periods a clay year, 4th Div. — Northeast Kaliman- 9 collections. or sand, on March—April often sandstone and or on river banks, low, sometimes limestone; alt. 0—300(—450) August—Sept., fr. periods July-Nov. m. and 436 Fig. BLUMEA 3. Paranepheliumjoannis M. Davids, ½; ture, x with the c. large oped ovules, e, h. schematical Boerlage all white in L a. i. seed with Chew Wee Lek 29, No. Nervature, longitudinal section hilum; x 1½ (a. s.n. VOL. - the x 2, ½. of flower with appressed 1053; b. 1984 P. — the remnants Kostermans xestophyllum Miq. disc of the septae 21141 ; d. Bogor 908.270-13/14/15; f. Kostermans 13238; g. b. Nerva- hatched; d-g. fruits; SAN and Bot. h. seed the undevel- Gard. III.J.26; 79936; i. Soepadmo 853). M. Uses. Revision 437 of Paranephelium The seed is edible when cooked. Joannes is the Notes. wish to name from botany, this viz. Christian (and is father, my J.A.G. Davids, after whom I biologist, though a in field a of P. area endemic Borneo, to material of P. can xestophyllum be easily is much wider, correlated with xestophyllum other may become less or venation may tend bigger. Still, 4. P. a Holl.-Ind. (1906) Mildea - Lectotype - M. (1861) Sumatra Enum. the longer, and the inflorescences may be separated easily. For. 198, 509; Kurz, Cochinchine Fl. xestophylla Miq., char- area, some 3b—i. Fig. — Philip. (present author); be can Fl. (1879) 80; Pierre, 187; Merr., 1324. (1933) species two key. wider range of may be petiolules laxly scalariform, and xestophyllum Miq. xestophyllum Miq., Trees vaguely the practice Paranephelium Sapind. P. in be to different: the clearly from the Bor- separated the characters used in the on variation, and especially in the northern part of its continental Asian acter different slightly radiobiology. Sumatran) However, the of name He species. new Paranephelium joannis, nean Davids: PI. Ann. 2 fasc. Burma (1877) 286; Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. iso (L; Radlk., Indian (1895) 327A; Brandis, (1923) 514; Radlk., Engl. 4218 HB Teysmann Fl. 21 3 Pflanzenr. (1867) 89, comb, Prov. K), Sumatra, 98 illeg. Lampongs, Gunungbatin. & gibbosum Teysm. Holl.-Ind. Mus. Bot. 3 Lugd.-Bat. J. (herb. s.n. Binnend., not seen; iso Kurz) (BO, Hiern ii 44, (1876) in 5: t. Fl, M), Sapind. 98 W. Fl. illeg. Sumatra, Brit. Holl.-Ind. 29 (1866) 254; Radlk., 1325. (1933) comb, A, Hook.f., 188; Radlk., Ned.-Indie Tijdschr. Pflanzenr. (1867) 89, Scyphopetalum ramiflorum Beng. Natuurk. (1879) 29, 79, 80; Engl. Mildea - Type: - Loeboe India 1 Teysmann Aloeng, - & Ann. Binnendijk fl. (1875) 675; 29. (1879) Sapind. gibbosa Miq., Kurz, J. Type: Griffith As. Soc. 985 (K), Burma, 3-II-1837, fl. P. nitidum Engl. J. As. Pflanzenr. 98 King, locality near G. Lo 1323; 638 P. Chen, not p. Rec. Fl. Gen. Fl. 51 77 Notul. (1910) 5. - Siam. India 4 coll. 7416, 1 (1922) 509; Radlk., Malay Peninsula, rocky (1911) 275; Radlk., Engl. 17(2) (1979) Sin. 37. - Pflanzenr. Syntypes: (K), Burma, Muyitkyina Dist., du Type: ex 98 (1933) Cubitt Rodger 4, Nammun & Namma, 7-II1- Reinwardtia R. (1911) 7; B. 1 J. (1950) 1324. 10515 (BM, Radlk., 974. - Engl. Type: 1 (1912) 1027, Pflanzenr. Thorel s.n. 98 (P; f. 131: (1933) 1323; iso M), (Laos) Paklai', 1866-1868, fl. (1933) Bot. Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 334; - Verz. 2 iso (M; (1914) 61; Radlk., Sapindacea sp. A L), Sumatra, Atjeh, P. 62, Suppl. (1924) 25; Radlk., Engl. not seen; iso Feddes Repert. Koord.-Schum., Syst. Beras, 6-II-1890, Pflanzenr. Fl, K, L, P, SING), Sumatra, 98 18 Verz. fr. (1933) hill north of G. fl. forbesii E.G.Baker, Tandjong Ning, 98 1592 Trang, Lampongs, 1881, 936; Jacobs, Suppl. Koorders Type: 2 (1926) Koord.-Schum., Syst. Pflanzenr. Forbes 1 Me-Kong, Nephelium forbesii E.G.Baker, - Syst. En. Indo-Chine Radlk. (1922) 344; Engl. tra, Surv. Bot. and Lace Expedition acanthocarpum Pometia King's (= 77101), Malay Peninsula, Larut, Cugunong Boobo 7410 Phytotax. Acta seen) 1048; Craib, Vietnam: 982. Fl. Mai. Pen. (1896) 450; Ridley, Syntypes: - fl. Gagnep., 2 1326. (both K, M, SING). longifoliolatum Lecomte, 8, P. & (both 1910, fr. W.W.Smith, hystrix ii Beng. 65, Bubu, III-1885, £1.; Range, IV-1885, P. Soc. (1933) J. 6 Bot. 62, (1962) Suppl. 141. - (1924) 26; Type : Bliti, Palembang, 1881, fl. Radlk., Engl. Forbes 2825 (BM, Pflanzenr. not 98 seen;iso L), (1932) Suma- 438 P. BLUMEA Notul. poilanei Gagnep., 1-7. Poilane 1921, fr.; the on mostly 6771 sometimes light brown, minutely laxly hairy Leaves tose. base), base), sometimes 1—20 petiolules 3—42 1.1 x sometimes strongly Nervation: above midrib flat to distant, mm reticulate lary to straight primordium. Flowers to linear, very acute 17 unequal, or ar with nating (2) 3 (4) brous laxly to Inflorescences or to 7 cm, mm, the emarginate petals. to mm densely ± diam., Stamens 5-8 Infructescences branched, divided into 2 in erect x at 1.1—2.2 the base of a 3.0—3.8 cm, irregularly gibbose, warty veins laxly a leaf mutually sometimes ovate, mm. as connate to Petals (4 or) short few hair tufts alter- to 4 and 2- or long. mm simple but up one, ± 1.2—3.0 mm. Disc x a to 6 Pistil: axis only, fruits, gla- 3-lobed; smooth spiny, glabrous; top flat, to 3—40 ± velutinous and early, very 0.5—1.8 x sunken 45—75°, receptacle broadly filament up (rarely 9), mostly consisting Fruits 2.3—3.2 nerves or not. or glabrous, rarely woolly; petal- drooping, bearing mostly or the at to lobes, sometimes attenuate sometimes axil- densely to opening 0.7-2.7 mm, outside x so, the lowermost sometimes 3—5-forked triangular diam.; nearly or acuminate midrib of to laxly quincuncial, narrowly the at in mm obtuse, to rounded, mostly ramiflorous, 2-29 up to or(in slightly prominent, angle at an petiole flat; base in the lowermost ± to tomen- the (mainly the margin stronger curving; near bracts yellow 1—4 long, cm (except diam., mostly so on beneath cuneate acute apex furrow) nerves induplicate 1-2.5 minutely hairy. to to (narrowly) a dark widest about wide, as in Leaflets mostly opposite papery, surface clustered, cm; 1.0—2.8 high, cells. sometimes 0.8—17 acuminate, sometimes 2-tipped, 0.8—2 to scale sometimes mm curving, deltoid 5(—7), variably shaped, 0.7—1.5 to (in furrow; a in d.b.h. Indu- cm mm to Prov. l'Enfant, fr. densely ± and mostly regular. Sepals (4—) 5 (—6), aestivation apert equal thick raised delicate and to long undulate, ± scalariform. (laxly) branches up hispid; free, first terminal, to raised in slightly as middle, ± midrib above in diam. asymmetrical, not; margin entire, sometimes or mm 1.4—5 times cm, sometimes up in the axial parts; beneath; petiole 0.8—4 long, 3—10 Twigs tomentose. petiolules, nerves seldom beneath the pair) pair the on mm 14 — rachis, et 123: 18-VII- Nhatrang, Mere 13-1-1931, high, 10—45(—75) m glabrous, to 1—6-jugate, minutely hairy the (especially le re9U f. (1950) 973, pres Massif de la P), Annam, 1 Suppl. twigs, axial part of leaves and infructescences on to 1984 2, (Annam), Song Cay (P), Annam, (3—)10—20(—40) present fruit), puberulous Vietnam P resp. (K, fl.\Poilane 17940 Tree, sometimes shrub, still (K, P), No. 29, Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine (1947) 65; 611 6689 resp. Nhatrang, 24-V-1923, mentum 13 Syst. Evrard Syntypes: - VOL. - sunken or to bulging. Field notes. Bole straight, with stilt roots lenticels, finely fissured, hard to soft, up 1—5 finally orange-red bium to to bit or or scaly; whitish, to inside, with bending, grey, laminated to brown; sapwood green, hard. Flowers astringent. sometimes with buttresses up to 70 bumps high. cm dirty yellow, thick; inner bark orange-red outside, brown red yellowish, calyx taste a 60 cm, mm to pale, yellow, bright to fragrant white with pink, or not to yellow, Bark Fruits smooth, dark with brown, white, pinkish, yellow, 4-5 mm thick; hard. Leaves glossy much scented, white corolla white. to green fibrous, brittle, white and grooves, often or greenish brown, yellow to cam- dark white grey, M. Davids: Revision (Yunnan), Distribution. China CHINA. Phytotax. Yunnan. Sin. 17 Pei Ying Yang: Burma, and the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, 12254; 439 of Paranephelium (Laos, Indochina Thailand, Philippines (Mindanao). Fig. Tao 13217, not both see seen, Annam), 1. Lo & Chen, Acta 37. (2) (1979) BURMA. 7 collections. THAILAND. 8 collections. INDOCHINA. Poilane Laos. Prov. 20287, Phou-Phung, Luang-Prabang. - Annam. 4 col- lections. PENINSULA. MALAY Pahang. KEP/FRI of P. Teysmann 1°10' N, Sarawak. nn Jacobs Sarawak - Kelantan. - Chin 1426, Bk. Tersik, Soepadmo 853, S. Tapanuli. Junghuhn 14, Loeboe (FI, M), Yates Stagen. Northeast - Verhoef 1357. of P. Aloeng, type Palembang. - and III.J.38, III.I.41) Hort. Bot. Ecology. Mainly in forest, rarely in (seasonal) summits; Gua Musang. Taman Hochankola. 6 collections. West- - and gibbosum - Negara. paratype Lampong - found once and fr. in Feb.—July also at Dist. Botanic Serin Bau Limestone P. - - of (30 Paring; van Sabah. 46 Zamboanga, S of Kuching) Hills. - West 12915, Bekatan, Laut. bb Sci miles Slooten 2275, Sci NE of collections. Sax River. Garden, III.8.10, III.J.26, III.J.30a, III.J.34a, Leiden rain over 1100 on soils, wetter (—700) m, 2361, Botanic forest, swamp; often soils, mostly deras. Sungei Krian, grown from seeds received Garden, 1962). area, of typical Java: deciduous, dry igneous derived of Bukit 7 collections. the primary flooded flat occasionally 31634, (Netherlands, Leenhouts also in mixed understorey, S Kelawai Williams Leiden at Bogor, B. Div., Passage 82, Bakatan, Bovenkamp Bogor (Indonesia, at Dept. Kalimantan. PHILIPPINES. Mindanao. Cultivated 1st 5152, For. 28109, Melawi, Paring Boschproefstation; or s.n. Eastcoast. — collections. Negara Exp.; collections. Binnendijk 110°20' E; Kalimantan, from 4 Taman 7 collections. BORNEO. c. & xestophyllum. Dist. 9 Atjeh. SUMATRA. coast. Perak. 14345, m. May—Sept. a tree along rivers of the lower canopy partly secondary evergreen, in shaded alluvial Fl. and fr. clay, red-yellow sometimes nearly In Borneo, the the fruit is or on podzolic, higher disturbed riparian forest, (gently sloping) hillsides, rarely limestone, or on the dry ridges sandy or sandstone; alt. 0—300 over year round, but eaten fl. in mainly by proboscis monkeys (M. Leighton, personal comm.). Uses. seeds The yield wood is lighting a Malay templekeeper, ing a 5 always rarely for timber, though it is good eaten, baked number of the 6, in Borneo 7 or used are or cooked, or tasting, according though they to a would be contain- varies with the island; in Sumatra it stamens or 6, 8. Leaflets: place Two collections these Fruits: rounded, acute firewood. The 8, rarely 6, and in the Malay Peninsula it is 5 (Evrard 611, Poilane 6689) the margin of the leaflets. However, the resemblance to as giddyness.' causes Notes. Stamens: The is and like the Chinese waterchestnut, 'Too much drug: seldom oil or two The in P. swellings broadly have very faint dentations P. xestophyllum is too at great spirei. on ovate, mucronate. to the fruit wall pyramidal Collections Melegrito 1564, Verhoef 82; to bearing are very slender both Sumatra: bb variable; they might be conical, curved spines and bulbs 22405, Junghuhn 14 to are: uneven straight, and obtuse, Borneo: Castro & (see fig. 3d-g). 440 BLUMEA Distribution: This is matra, the in tions in is just the border with across tends pairs chinense Merr., Paranephelium Lingnan Sci. chinense Merr. Paranephelium (1950) 972, inval. nom. = Su- excep- monsoon increase, the hairiness fruits become to mainly prickly. the distribution area: in N. Burma (Lace 51 f. (1935) 30, (1936) laoticum var. area, some 77). TAXA J. 14 chinense Hu, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 7 to add much not Muyitkina EXCLUDED everwet northwards, in the seasonal on in China does xestophyllum In the species. inflorescences become stouter, and the the Ying Yang 1984 2, quite homogeneous (with is the number of leaflet general find of P. The it Borneo, but further Malay Peninsula), the increases, and No. 29, variable complex, greatly a Malay Peninsula, climate region, VOL. - 10, = Amesiodendron 209. Gagnep., Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine Suppl. 1 Amesiodendron chinense Hu, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 7(1936)209. Paranephelium fallax (Pierre) Leenh., Paranephelium cata Notul. Gagnep., (1977) Blumea 23 muricatum Sidek bb 22405: series III.J.25: Corner Dumas 1628: Falconer 3170: cf. 31681: Eberhardt 5289: 50: 2 4. Chew - Boden - III.J.30a: 4, muricata (1895) t. 328, = Sisyrolepis muri- to collections 4, Kloss 19055: III.J.34a: Wee Lek 1053: 3 4 Chin - Botanic Gardens Bogor - III.J.38: 4, III.J.41: 4. 4, 862: 1426: 4 4, - III.B.10: Burkill - 6309: Clemens 3981: 4, 2. 1 - 2. 1 Elmer - Evrard 611: - 51: Sisyrolepis 4. 2689: 4 = 4. 28109: 4, III.J.26: 2, coll. Cantley's SA 602: 66, 336. (1977) Index Ahmad & (1947) Fl. Cochinchine Pierre, Blumea 23 (Pierre) Leenh., 13 Syst. 336. 375: 4 4, - 20725: 20750: 4, 21731: 4, 4 Endert - 2252: 4, 3460: 3, 3463: 3, 1669: 4, 2825: 4, 3117: 4, 4. Forbes 1592: 4, 1625: 4, 1637: 4, 1641: 4, 4. Griffith 985: 4 How 70602: Jacobs 1. 5152: Kartawinata 30915: 4 - 2, under Lace 4 Maung - 2 7416: 13646: 3, Kerr 4 - 4. 156: 4 7414: Koorders 21141: 4, - KEP/FRI 2 - King's 10515: 21279: 4 series coll. - 1603: 3157: 2, 2, Kostermans 4, 21423: 3, 13317: 3204: 2, 10603: 21597: 4 - 2, 14345: 6436: 3, 2, 12670: Kuswata 4, 15810: 7027: 3, 2, 1, 7410 13238: Kartawinata, 4, see Kartawinata. 5177: - 3, 14: Kasin - 51355: (= 7710?): 4, 13266: Junghuhn 1300: 4 4, 5367: Leighton 59: Lein 033: 4 - 4 - Lakshnakara 628: 4. Meebold 15392: 4. 2, 835: 2 - Lau 584: 1 - Leenhouts 1947: 2, 1962: M. 1564: NBFD series 1, herb. S series 1 6689: Poilane - Russell - (Sarawak For. 18358: 3, 21522: 2550: A 2915: A 4, A 4006: 4 -Nimanong 18: 4 - 6771: 4, 7050: 4, 10473: 1, 1, 17940: 4, 20287: 4, 29325 1981: 4. 23473: Dept.) 4 - 31634: 3, SAN series (Sandakan) 16102: 16516: 4, 4, 4, 21766 (NT555): 4,21792:4, 22525:4, 22541:4,24023:4,24401:4, 25085: 4, 26013: 3, 27365: 4, 27434: 4, 29413: 4, 29723: 4, 30525: 4, 30642: 4, 31086: 4, 4, 33268: 4, 33314: 4, 33472: 4, 33647: 4, 34054: 4, 35027: 4, 35256: 3, 35832: 4, 36525: 4, 4, 37079: 90113: 3 Smitinand 3394: 50530: Wilde 54470: 4, Sangkhachand - 10999: 4218: HB 232: & 18981: Yates 4, 2 1 de — 3, 39459 57249: 110: Silva 96: 72806: 2, 111: 2, 853: Soepadmo - 3, 1256: 1, 39982: (NT 712): 4, 4 2 - 4, 1410: - 73850: 4 40451: 4, 48953: 4, 79936: 4, 88625: Santisuk - Sinclair Spire 3, 9866: 1158: 1 - & B. N. 362: 2 van - 1 - 3, - Slooten 205: Squires 1 4, 4, de 4 4378: HB 4 - The numbers number 2275: van 12153: - 2361: Yeob Abdul 4 - Winit Rahim - 4, de Vries 12520: 4 - Steenis 1269: 12177: 4, refer to the number of the of the taxon. The accepted 54: 4. 4, 12738: 1896: 4 - 4, 14563: Wray 14588: 4, 2675: 4, 15642: Amesiodendron Miq. = chinense gibbosa Miq. 4 = xestophylla Miq. Nephelium Hu: Excl. genus = 4 2. index accepted new taxon. Synonyms taxon is in bold are type. followed by 'Excl.' refers '=' to the preceding Excluded = 4 acanthocarpum Radlk. chinense Excl. var. laoticum Gagnep.: Lo = 4 Gagnep.: = W.W. Smith M. Davids 1 = 4 3 macrophyllum King nitidum Excl. & Binn. spirei = 4 4 2 Lecomte = 4 1 xestophyllum Miq. = = 2 Pierre: Excl. King poilanei Gagnep. Excl. gibbosum Teysm. hainanense hystrix joannis muricatum Paranephelium Miq. Merr.: (Paranephelium) longifoliolatumLecomte forbesii E.G. Baker 4, 2. taxa. fallax 88647: SF series 4. Verhoef 82: 4 Wilde-Duyfjes Williams - 1357: 4 4, 433: Name Mildea 48983 4. Teysmann Vanpruk 37137: 3, (Singapore) 18184: the 4, 31366: (NT 209): 4, de 3, 441 of Paranephelium 1. 15108: Ridley 4 5900: 29362: 3158: 4, Revision 1317: 4. Nooteboom Pierre 1757: 4, Davids: 4 Pometia forbesii E.G. Baker Scyphopetalum ramiflorum = 4 Hiern = 4