Download Chapter 5: The periodic table is a tool for organizing

Science 9
Name: ____________________________
Unit B: Chemistry
Chapter 5: The periodic table is a tool for organizing scientific understanding of
elements.
AE9.2 I CAN ANALYZE HISTORICAL EXPLANATIONS OF THE STRUCTURE OF
MATTER UP TO AND INCLUDING: DALTON MODEL, THOMSON MODEL,
RUTHERFORD MODEL, BOHR MODEL OF THE ATOM.
DATE COMPLETED/
UNDERSTOOD:
I CAN use correct terminology when describing atoms and elements.
I CAN trace the development of the atomic theory from Aristotle to Bohr based
on their experiments and theories.
I CAN construct Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford and Bohr models of the atom.
I CAN evaluate individual and group processes used in planning, problem
solving, decision making, and completing a task.
I CAN explain how each scientific experiment added to the understanding of the
present theory.
I can identify new questions and problems that arise from what was learned
about atomic structure.
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Science 9
Name: ____________________________
5.1 DEVELOPING MODELS OF MATTER
Use textbook pages 149-154 to answer the following questions:
1. What is the difference between a theory and a law?
2. How does J.J. Thomson’s atomic model differ from the model depicted by a Bohr diagram?
3. Atoms contain electrons, which are negatively charged. Why are atoms electrically neutral?
4. Explain how J.J. Thomson’s conclusion about electrons was an important step in the development of the
atomic theory.
5. A statement is missing from the atomic theory below. What is missing?



Atoms of different elements have different properties.
All matter is made of small, individual particles called atoms.
Atoms of different elements can combine to form new substances.

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6. Describe three ways in which protons are different from electrons.
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Science 9
Name: ____________________________
7. Describe the evidence that led Rutherford to his conclusion about the atomic nucleus.
8. Describe how the relative mass of a subatomic particle is defined.
9. Which two subatomic particles contribute to the majority of the mass of an atom?
10. Write the electric charge for each of the following subatomic particles.
a. A neutron has a ________________________ electrical charge, or an electrical charge of ______.
b. A proton has a ________________________ electrical charge, or an electrical charge of ______.
c. An electron has a ________________________ electrical charge, or an electrical charge of ______.
11. What are three features of a Bohr diagram that you observe from the Bohr diagrams for hydrogen and
magnesium in Table 5.1 on page 152?
12. Use the following Bohr diagram of a fluorine atom to complete this question.
a. How many electrons does a fluorine atom have? ______________
b. How many protons does a fluorine atom have? ______________
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Science 9
Name: ____________________________
5.2 THE ELEMENTS
Use textbook pages 157-164 to answer the following questions:
1. Give the names and symbols of the two elements that are liquids at room temperature.
Name
Symbol
Classification (circle one)
Metal
Metalloid
Non-metal
Metal
Metalloid
Non-metal
2. Using Table 5.3 on page 161, identify what element was named after each meaning below. Then write the
symbol for that element.
Description
Name
Symbol
Ruby-red
The Sun
Water generating
Acid forming
Charcoal
Colour
3. Using Table 5.3 on page 161, find the common name and symbol of each element from the ancient Latin
name provided.
Latin Name
Common Name
Symbol
Natrium
Ferrum
Argentum
Plumbum
4. List the following elements in order of their ability to conduct electricity, starting with the least
conductive: Si, Ag, S.
Least Conductive
In the Middle
Most Conductive
5. List the elements present in each of the following:
Steel
Water
Table salt
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Science 9
Name: ____________________________
6. The metal element shown in the photograph reacts violently with
water. Suggest the identity of the element shown.
a. Why do you think that?
7. Identify the element that has each of the following properties:
Property
Element
It is the lightest element.
It is the most common element on Earth’s surface.
It is the major component of steel because of its strength.
It is a metalloid that is a major component of glass.
It exists in several forms, one of which is the hardest natural substance
known.
It is a yellow-green gas used to kill bacteria and other organisms in
swimming pools.
8. What is ozone?
9. How is it beneficial to life?
10. How is it harmful to life?
Page 5 of 15
Science 9
Name: ____________________________
AE9.3 I CAN DEMONSTRATE AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE CLASSIFICATION
OF PURE SUBSTANCES (ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS), INCLUDING THE
DEVELOPMENT AND NATURE OF THE PERIODIC TABLE.
DATE COMPLETED/
UNDERSTOOD:
I CAN use a flow chart to illustrate the differences between elements,
compounds and mixtures.
I CAN classify pure substances as elements or compounds.
I CAN select and integrate information from various print and electronic sources
to construct visual representation of given elements.
I CAN identify examples of common elements (first 18 elements and K, Ca, Fe,
Ni, Cu, Zn, I, Ag, Sn, Au, W, Hg, Pb, and U), and compare their characteristics,
atomic structure, and draw an atomic model of them.
I CAN use the Periodic Table to identify common elements and compare their
structure and properties.
I CAN write and interpret chemical symbols or formulae of common elements
and compounds and identify the elements and number of atoms of each in a
given compound, like He, Na, C, H₂O, H₂O₂, CO, CO₂, CaCO₃, SO₂, FeO, NO₂, O₃,
CH₄, C₃H₈, NH₃, NaHCO₃, KCl, HCl, H₂SO₄, ZnO, and NaCl.
I CAN trace the historical development of periodic tables and identify alternate
arrangements of the periodic tables.
I CAN apply the concept of systems as a tool of interpreting the organizational
structure of the Periodic Table.
I CAN use a periodic table to predict properties of a family of elements.
I CAN identify locations in Saskatchewan where natural resources are extracted
and identify which elements are being sought.
I CAN identify and evaluate potential applications of understanding of the
characteristics of elements.
I CAN explain how the needs in society’s can lead to developments in science
and technology of chemistry.
I CAN provide examples of scientific knowledge related to understanding the
nature of atoms and elements that have resulted in the development of
technologies in Saskatchewan that support resources extraction.
I CAN provide examples to illustrate that scientific and technological activity
related to chemistry takes place in a variety of individual or group settings within
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Science 9
Saskatchewan.
Name: ____________________________
I CAN show the organizational structure and patterns within the Periodic Table.
I CAN determine the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in an atom.
I CAN tell the difference between the words “law” and “theory” in science.
Specifically, I can discuss the difference between the periodic law and the atomic
theory of matter.
5.4 THE PERIODIC TABLE
Use textbook pages 177-187 to answer the following questions:
1. Name four properties that Dmitri Mendeleev used as criteria for organizing his understanding of
elements.
2. Use a periodic table (on page 486-487) to find how many protons are in an atom of each of the following
elements.
Element
Protons
Lithium
Nitrogen
Fluorine
Aluminum
Copper
Gold
3. Use a periodic table (on page 486-487) to name the element with each of the flowing atomic masses.
Atomic Mass
Element
12.01 amu
16.00 amu
39.10 amu
83.80 amu
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Science 9
Name: ____________________________
4. Name two groups in the periodic table that include elements that conduct heat and electricity.
5. What happens to an atom if it loses an electron in the highest energy level?
6. Which of the following atoms typically form negative ions?
Checkmark for
Atoms
Negative Ion
F
Li
Ne
S
Al
Be
7. If something occurs periodically – every Monday, for instance – it can be said to occur in a pattern. How do
you think the periodic table got its name?
8. Suppose a sample of a metal has a low melting point and reacts easily with water. What group in the
periodic table does this element belong to?
Page 8 of 15
Science 9
Name: ____________________________
DRAWING BOHR D IAGRAMS
Use the blank Bohr diagrams below to draw Bohr diagrams of the first 18 elements of the periodic table. For
each element, the name or symbol is given.
When drawing Bohr diagrams, use the following steps to help you.
 Write the name of the element you are drawing below the diagram. Include the element symbol and,
if it is an ion, any charge it has.
 Write the number of protons in the nucleus. Include the unit “p” for protons.
 Determine the number of electrons needed. Draw the electrons. The first shell can hold 2 electrons.
The second and third shells can hold 8 electrons each.
Tip: Draw the electrons in the first shell at the top position only. Draw the electrons in the second
and third shell one at a time, starting from the top and moving counter-clockwise. The electrons
should appear at the top, left, bottom, and right sides of each shell, as in the example below. If
there are more than four electrons, draw them next to the first four electrons so that they appear as
pairs.
Example: chlorine, Cl
1. hydrogen
2. He
3. Li
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Science 9
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4. beryllium
5. boron
6. C
7. nitrogen
8. O
9. F
10.neon
11.Na
12.magnesium
13.aluminum
14.Si
15.P
16.sulphur
17.Cl
18.Ar
NOW DO THE ATOMIC BASICS HANDOUT
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Name: ____________________________
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Science 9
Name: ____________________________
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Science 9
Name: ____________________________
5.3 COMBINING ELEMENTS TO FORM COMPOUNDS
Use textbook pages 167-172 to answer the following questions:
1. What is the difference between a compound and a mixture?
2. What are the two major types of compounds?
3. How do the bonds differ in each type?
4. Give an example of a molecular compound.
5. Give an example of a substance held together by ionic bonds.
6. What types of elements join to form molecular compounds? Name three such elements.
7. How is it possible for two different compounds, such as water and hydrogen peroxide, to both be made of
the same two elements?
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Science 9
8. Use the diagram to answer the following questions.
Name: ____________________________
a. What type of diagram is shown?
12p
8p
b. What type of compound is shown?
c. Which elements are these?
d. What happens to the electrons in the two atoms when the compound is formed?
9. Describe how a salt crystal holds together.
a. Describe how the atoms in water are held together.
10. Examine the following table of properties of two
unknown compounds, X and Y. Which is most
likely an ionic compound and which is most likely
a molecular compound? Explain your reasoning.
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Science 9
Name: ____________________________
11. Can compounds have properties different from the properties of the elements from which they are
formed? Explain, using an example.
12. For each of the following compounds with the chemical formula given, state the elements and how many
atoms of each element are involved in forming the compound.
a. sulphuric acid, H2SO4
b. sucrose (table sugar), C12H22O11
c. iron(III) oxide, Fe2O3
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