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Download World War II: the European Theatre
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VA/US History Mrs. Lacks Longest continuous military campaign in WWII (1939 – 1945) U-boats and other ships of the German navy against Allied convoys Convoy: sending warships to guard merchant ships from getting sunk by submarines Germans were joined by Italian navy as well in 1940 U-534 U-175 Torpedo from German U-boat sinks British passenger ship FDR made the decision in July 1941 for US war ships to convoy merchant ships in the North Atlantic This meant a risk of war with Germany AREA OF GREATEST DANGER FOR ALLIED MERCHANT SHIPS June 1941 – July 1943 After Germany overran France, most of Europe, and pounded Britain from the air (the Battle of Britain), in mid-1941, Hitler turned on his former partner and invaded the Soviet Union The name for the 1941 German assault on the USSR The largest land battles in history German’s were surprised at new Soviet technology KVI and T34 Russian tanks were superior to German panzers 20000 18000 16000 14000 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 TANKS PLANES ARTILLERY GERMANY MODERN USSR T34 RUSSIAN MEDIUM TANK SUPERIOR TO ANY GERMAN TANK AT THE TIME, 1941 THE GERMANS WERE SHOCKED WHEN IN JUNE OF 1941 THEY CAME UP AGAINST RUSSIAN T34 TANKS. GERMAN SHELLS BOUNCED OFF AND IT WAS EXTREMELY DIFFICULT TO DESTROY A T34. UNFORTUNATELY THE RUSSIANS HAD ONLY A FEW AND BY THE TIME THEY CAME INTO FULL PRODUCTION THE GERMANS HAD TANKS AND WEAPONS CAPEABLE OF DESTROYING THEM. Operation Barbarossa was a three pronged invasion of the Soviet Union. The goal was to seize all of the USSR up to the Ural Mountains including the major cities of Odessa, Kiev, Moscow, Leningrad and Stalingrad. RUSSIAN MIXED TANK AND SKI INFANTRY TEAM ADVANCE ON GERMAN POSITIONS. in southwestern Russia took place between 17 July 1942 and 2 February 1943 often cited as one of the turning points of the war and among the bloodiest in the history of warfare combined casualties coming to nearly two million THE BATTLE OF STALINGRAD: THE GERMANS HAD SEVERE PROBLEMS CAPTURING THE CITY OF STALINGRAD. IT WAS A GRITTY, DEADLY BATTLE WHERE HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF SOLDIERS ON BOTH SIDES WERE KILLED. FIGHTING IN THE RUINS OF STALINGRAD. German soldiers, not used to the harsh weather, froze STALINGRAD: A CITY IN RUINS While the Germans were engaged in vicious fighting inside Stalingrad the Russians prepared a counterattack named Operation Uranus They succeeded in surrounding the German 6th army Arrow one shows the ultimate goal of the Russian attack: to cut off the German armies fighting in the Caucasus mountains. The Germans are stopped Soviets captured over 300,000 German soldiers at Stalingrad Some German armies in the Caucasus mountains escaped and attempted to get back to Germany The end at Stalingrad: German prisoners, only 5,000 of the 250,000 captured returned after the war In the spring and summer of 1943, Hitler decided to try again to defeat the Soviets This led to the Battle of Kursk, the greatest tank battle in world history HEAVY TIGER TANK PANTHER TANK, OFTEN CALLED THE BEST TANK OF WW II FERDINAND, HEAVY ASSAULT GUN THE GERMANS USED NEW ARMORED VEHICLES FOR THEIR KURSK OFFENSIVE THE GERMANS SUFFERED HEAVY LOSSES AT THE HANDS OF THE SOVIETS AND THEY COULD NOT RECOVER 18000 16000 14000 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 17500 1500 TANKS ARTILLERY 100000 100000 90000 80000 70000 60000 50000 GERMAN 40000 30000 20000 10000 0 GERMAN MEN NUMBER OF LOST TANKS, ARTILLERY, AND MEN Germany finally lost on the Eastern Front and left the Soviet Union Hitler would soon have to fight a battle on both fronts (Western & Eastern) Japan, wanting to expand its empire in the Pacific, and knock out other imperialists, launched a surprise attack on the US, “the sleeping giant” on December 7, 1941 Japanese planes dropped bombs and gunned down soldiers and civilians on Pearl Harbor, a US naval base in Hawaii, and home of the Pacific fleet Called Operation Z by the Japanese, the US was caught unprepared and incredible damage was done PM Hideki Tojo Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto US losses 2,402 people killed 1,282 people wounded Four battleships were sunk (two of which were raised and returned to service later in the war) all of the four other battleships present were damaged three cruisers, three destroyers, an anti-aircraft training ship and one minelayer sank or damaged 188 U.S. aircraft destroyed Japanese losses 29 aircraft five midget submarines 65 servicemen killed or wounded Nakajima B5N2 "Kate" torpedo bomber Mitsubishi A6M2 "Zero" fighter airplane USS Arizona bombed USS Shaw exploding The attack on Pearl Harbor triggered the isolationist US to enter WWII FDR asked Congress to declare war on “the empire of Japan” on December 8, 1941 FDR’s speech after Pearl Harbor, “A Day that will live in infamy…” While GIs were fighting in the Pacific, and then in Europe, civilians at home in the US were doing their part to help the war effort G.I. Government Issue EVERYONE CONTRIBUTED TO THE WAR EFFORT RUMMAGE SALE WAR BONDS DONATING TYPEWRITERS RATIONING SUGAR LINE GASOLINE LINE TO LEARN HOW TO USE RATIONING STAMPS, THESE SCHOOL CHILDREN SET UP A BOOTH WITH CHARTS AND PRODUCTS TO FIGURE OUT HOW TO BUY NEEDED GOODS DURING THE WAR The public school children of the South-Central District of Chicago purchased $263,148. 83 in war bonds and stamps...a huge check representing enough money for 125 jeeps, two pursuit planes and motorcycle. Women served as nurses and clerical workers Took the jobs of men when they went to war Women played an important role in the war effort on the homefront Betty Grable: Allied Pinup Girl She Reminded Men What They Were Fighting For The Andrews Sisters https://www.youtub e.com/watch?v=qaf nJ6mRbgk Tuskegee Airmen First all black combat fighter unit that developed a reputation for never losing a bomber to enemy fighter planes Japanese-Americans The 442nd infantry unit Most highly decorated unit in the military Navajo Code Talkers helped maintain security by transmitting orders in a Navajo code that the Japanese were unable to break More than 110,000 Japanese Americans were interned or put in camps in the US during WWII Done to prevent sabotage and espionage by Japanese Americans living on the west coast JAPANESE AMERICAN GIRL WAITS WITH HER FAMILY’S BELONGINGS TO BE EVACUATED TO AN INTERNMENT CAMP JAPANESE INTERNMENT CAMPS CANAL CAMP, AZ CRYSTAL CREEK, TX MANZANAR, CA GILA, AZ Los Angeles (1943) Wartime rationing regulations effectively banned zoot suits because they used so much fabric, so a combination of patriotism and racism led white soldiers to label Mexican-American wearers of the zoot suit as unpatriotic In June 1943, provoked by stories that Mexican Americans had beaten up a group of Caucasian sailors, servicemen on leave began to attack various Mexican-American neighborhoods in Los Angeles. These anti-Mexican riots usually included the forced removal of the zoot suits
