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Ecology Levels of Organization Essent. ?: How do organisms depend on each other for their survival? Objectives: ID the levels of organization in an ecosystem ID source of E for life processes Trace the flow of E through the ecosystem Understanding Relationships = Inderdependence in Biosphere Species: groups of organisms that are so similar they are able to breed and produce fertile offspring Populations – Groups of same species that live in same area Communities – different populations living in the same area Ecosystem = a collection of all organisms living in an area and the nonliving, physical environment Biome = a group of ecosystems with the same climate and similar dominant communities E FLOW Central part of an organisms interaction with environment = the need for ENERGY for life processes Flow of E = MOST IMPORTANT FACTOR Sunlight = Main SOURCE of E Some organisms rely on E stored in inorganic compounds – ammonia, hydrogen sulfide AUTOTROPHS: only organism that captures E from sunlight OR chemicals to PRODUCE their own food PRODUCERS: take simple inorganic compounds(carbon dioxide, water) and chemically turn them into complex organic compounds(glucose) living tissue AUTOTROPHS – most common are photosynthetic - (show reaction) Land – plants Water – algae(phytoplankton) and large types Wet areas(marshes, tidal flats) – bacteria (cyanobacteria) NO LIGHT – autotrophs = chemosynthesis – Bacteria found in volcanic ocean vents, hot springs, tidal marshes CONSUMERS – organisms dependent on other organisms for E = HETEROTROPHS ex= herbivores, carnivores, omnivores detritivores, decomposers(bacteria and fungi) Detritivores and decomposers provide for nutrient cycling FEEDING RELATIONSHIPS E flows in one direction Sun or inorganic compound autotroph(producer)heterotrophs(consumer) Reltaionships of who eats whom = FOOD CHAIN – FOOD WEB Example = Marine Food chain Algae(phytoplankton) – zooplankton small fish squidshark Food web – links ALL food chains Greater diversity of organisms in food web, more stable, healthy ecosystem TROPHIC LEVEL – each step in food chain = trophic level Producers = 1st Trophic level Consumers = 2nd, 3rd, 4th trophic levels Smaller populations at higher trophic levels Small group activity – make food web of a biome, include 5 food chains, label producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, label herbivore, carnivore, omnivore, decomposer Include predator, prey relationship Label 5 abiotic factors(label)