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The World After WWI
The Collapse of the Old Order
Road to Totalitarianism
Europe Before WWI
The Collapse of the Old OrderNew Boundaries

The Versailles Treaty changed the boundaries in
Europe and around the world

In Europe
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Germany
Lost Alsace-Lorraine to France (West)
Poland took part of the Eastern side of Germany
Czechoslovakia gained part of Southern Germany
(Sudetenland)

Austria- Hungarian Empire
Serbia was given various states in the
Balkans to create Yugoslavia
 Hungary became a separate country
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Turkey
Saudia Arabia became independent
 Britain gained Palestine, Jordan and Iraq as
Mandates- a lease
 France was given Lebanon and Syria as
mandates.

Russia
 Finland, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania and
the Ukraine - to be independent
 Did not gain from Versailles

Europe in 1919
The Collapse of the Old OrderThe Lost Generation
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Europe was destroyed:
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Economically- The cost of WWI bankrupt Europe
Socially- huge populations of men killed,
Politically- Revolutions all over Europe

American writers and artists in Europe captured
the negative attitude of the survivors of Europe.

Called the “Lost Generation” by author Gertrude
Stein
The Collapse of the Old OrderColonial Movement

Germany lost all foreign colonies to
France and England

Wilson’s idea of Self-Determination gave
rise to Nationalist movements in Africa, the
Middle East, Latin America, and Asia
The World After WWI
Road to Totalitarianism
Keeping the Peace- Economic
Solutions
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Problem One- The Versailles Treaty punished
the Germans with war reparations they could
not pay.
Problem Two- England and France had
difficulty recovering from the war, because
they relied on Germany for funding.
Solution- The Dawes Plan: Reduced the level
of German reparations
The Dawes Plan (1924)
Keeping the Peace- New Alliances

The Lorcano Treaties: Set up the
boundaries for France, Germany, and
Belgium. Also set up alliances between
France, Poland and Czechoslovakia
Locarno Pact: 1925
Austin Chamberlain (Br.)
Aristide
Briand
(Fr.)
Gustave
Stresemann
(Ger.)
 Guaranteed the common boundaries of Belgium, France, and
Germany as specified in the Treaty of Versailles of 1919.
 Germany signed treaties with Poland and Czechoslovakia, agreeing
to change the eastern borders of Germany by arbitration only.
The Great Depression [1929-1941]
London in 1930
Paris in 1930
Threat to PeaceThe Great Depression
1929: The U.S. stock market, overpriced
and overvalued crashed. US bankers
called in loans from Germany, England
and France.
 The US economy collapsed due to high
spending and defaulted loans from
Europe,

European Debts to the United States
Threat to Peace- Totalitarianism

After WWI there was
a rise in totalitarian
governments, in the
USSR, Italy, and
Germany

Totalitarian: a
government in which
a one-party
dictatorship
regulates every part
of citizens lives.
Signs of a Totalitarian Gov’t.
Non-democratic
 Uses modern technology- radio, movies
etc. .
 Grew in poor economic/social conditions
 Army & civilians geared to one goal:
VICTORY
 The whole population forced to sacrifice &
increasingly under gov’t control

Example: The Soviet Union
Josef Stalin (Man of Steel)
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an opponent of Trotsky
Took over the Soviet Union in
1924
wanted to modernize &
industrialize the USSR
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5 yr. Plans- a series of plans
to industrialize the USSR
Collectivization- all farms
owed and controlled by the
government. People forced to
work in the farms.
Great Purges- mass
executions of political
opponents
Threat to Peace- Fascism
Fascism: a political system that takes
power through violence, propaganda
and nationalism.
 Created by Benito Mussolini
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Benito Mussolini [1883-1945]
Threat to PeaceStorm Clouds
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1. In 1919, Benito Mussolini formed the
Fascist party out of angry WWI veterans
and social reformers.
In 1922: Mussolini’s Black Shirts march on
Rome in an attempted coup. Mussolini’s
Fascist party took power in Italy
By 1925: Mussolini became Il Duce – the
Leader
 In
1922: Mussolini’s Black Shirts
march on Rome in an attempted
coup.
 Mussolini’s Fascist party took
power in Italy
 By 1925: Mussolini became Il Duce
– the Leader
March on Rome [1922]
Il Duce
Threat to Peace- German
Problems
1. 1919: The Germans set up the
Weimar Republic- a democratic
government. The Weimar Republic was
weak and financially poor.
 2. High Unemployment, starvation,
threats of Communist revolution
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The “Stabbed-in-the-Back” Theory
Disgruntled German WWI veterans
Threat to Peace- The Austrian
Corporal
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Adolf Hitler was born in April 20, 1889
He fought in WWI and hated the Weimar
Republic that signed the Versailles Treaty
In 1919 he joined the National Socialist
German Workers Party (Nazis)
In 1923: Hitler attempted to take over the
city of Munich and failed, sentenced to 5
years in prison.
The Beer Hall Putsch: 1923
Threat to Peace- Rise to Power
1. While in prison Hitler wrote Mein
Kampf- his ideas about the “Aryan”
race.
 2. After his release from prison, Hitler
focused on gaining power in Germany
 3. In 1933, the Nazis gained several
seats in the German Parliament and
Hitler was named Chancellor of
Germany.

Threat to Peace- Hitler’s Germany
1. Beginning in 1933, Hitler started to
rebuild Germany’s military power,
which improved the Economy
 2. He attempted to influence the
German people through art, music,
literature and other forms of
propaganda.
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