Download Balance and Aging Guided Notes

Balance and Aging Guided Notes
Name: _______________________________
How do we maintain balance?
Cerebellum monitors and controls balance.
It receives input from four main sources:
 __________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________
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__________________________________________________________________________
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__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
Static vs Dynamic Equilibrium
Static equilibrium has to do with our ____________________________________________________________

e.g. upside down, tilted to the left, slowing down, etc.

Sensed by the _________________________ of the _____________________
Dynamic equilibrium has do to with ________________________________________________________

E.g. spinning, roller coasters, boat rides

Sensed by the _____________________________ of the ______________________________
Static Equilibrium
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The ___________________contains hair cells surrounded by an _______________________________ (a jellylike material) that contains ________________________________ (tiny calcium stones)

The otolithic membrane slides due to gravity or linear acceleration, bending the hairs
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When the hairs are bent, the hair cell generates a nerve impulse
Dynamic Equilibrium
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3 canals, oriented in the three planes of space

At the base of each is a receptor region called the _____________________________, which consists of hair
cells covered with a gelatinous cap called the __________________.

During angular / rotational movements, the _____________________________ in one or more canals will
move, pushing against the hair cells
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When the hair cells are bent, they generate a nerve impulse.
Types of Receptors
Sense
Type of Sensor
Name
Location
Vision
______________ &
___________
Retina of eye
Hearing
____________ ( on organ of
Corti)
Cochlea of ear
Balance
____________________ (on
crista ampullaris)
_____________________
Vestibule of ear
Semicircular canals of ear
Tendons, muscles, joints
Smell
Olfactory receptor
Top of nasal cavity
Taste
Taste buds
Papillae of tongue
Pain
nocioreceptors
Skin, muscles, bladder, digestive
system, mucus membranes, cornea
Temp
Thermoreceptors
Skin
Pressure
Pacinian corpuscle
Skin & internal organs
Touch
Meissner’s corpuscle
Skin
Senses and Aging
Vision
 Develops slowly in babies
 Kids are far-sighted until around 6 because the eye needs to grow
 In old age
 _________________________________, causing _________________ – an inability to accommodate
and focus on near items
 Other factors which reduce visual acuity include ___________________, inability to fully dilate pupil,
loss of photoreceptors
 Many diseases more common with age: cataracts, glaucoma, macular degeneration, etc.
Hearing
 ___________________ –
 a loss of hearing, especially speech sounds and high pitches – due to damage to the organ of Corti
 A type of __________________________l hearing loss
 Associated with age and noise exposure
 ____________________ hearing loss  Anything that prevents sound from getting to the inner ear, including fusion of ossicles
Smell & Taste
 Very sharp at birth
 Declines starting around age 40
 Most people over 80 have poor taste sensation and almost no ability to smell
Balance, Touch, Pain
 Begin to decline around age 50
 Leads to increased risk of falls
 Inability to recognize injury