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Earth, Moon, and Sun Study Guide
Name ___________________________
The test will be on _________________________________________________.
Rotation - It takes _____ hours for Earth to _____________ one time on its ________. This 24
hour period is also called a _________.
1. The earth rotates west to east. This make the sun appear to rise in the ________
and set in the ________.
2. Draw a picture of rotation here.
Revolution - It takes ________days or one _______for Earth to ____________around the sun.
This is why stars and constellations appear in _______________ __________throughout the
year. The path an object takes while it revolves is called its ___________.
1. Because revolution is not ____________365 days, we have to add ______day to
the calendar every _______ years. This is known as ________ ________.
2. Draw a picture of revolution here.
Gravity and Inertia - How do the Earth, moon, and other planets stay in orbit? __________
and ____________
a.
Gravity is a force where two objects are ____________ to each other.
b. Inertia is the _______________ of an object to change its state of __________.
c.
___________ pulls an object toward another object, but ___________ pulls it
__________.
Seasons
The Earth is ___________ at ____________on its axis, and this is why we have seasons. As
Earth revolves around the sun, different hemispheres will be receiving more or less direct
sunlight based on whether the pole is tilted toward or away from the sun. Whatever season is
occurring in the northern hemisphere, the ______________season will be occurring in the
southern hemisphere.
Solstices
Solstices are the two days of the year on which the sun reaches its greatest distance north or
south of the equator. The days are longer around the ____________solstice (around June 21-22
in the northern hemisphere) and shorter around the _____________ solstice (around December
21-22 in the northern hemisphere).
Equinoxes
The _____________is either of the two days or periods each year when the sun crosses the
equator and day and night are of equal length of ___________ hours. During an equinox,
neither hemisphere is tilted toward or away from the sun. The __________ or
__________equinox happens around March 20-22, and the autumnal or _________equinox
occurs around September 22-23 in the northern hemisphere (and vice-versa in the southern
hemisphere).
Draw the solstice and equinox diagram in the space below.
Moon and moon phases
1. Moon motion
a. It takes about ___________days for the moon to __________ around ________.
b. It takes about _________ days for the moon to __________ on its ________.
c. Since the revolution and rotation take the same amount of time, we always see the
________ __________of the moon from Earth.
2. Moon Phases
a. The phase of the moon you see depends on how much of the _________side of the
_________ that faces _________. As the moon ___________ around the Earth, the
amount of light that we can see changes.
Eclipses
1. What is a solar eclipse?
a. A solar eclipse happens when the _______comes between the _______ and sun,
blocking the sun’s rays from the Earth. (The Earth is passing through the
________ ___________. In other words, a shadow is covering the sun.)
b. A solar eclipse can only happen during a _______moon.
c. A ________ ___________is when the sun is completely ______________. The
moon is _____ times ____________ than the Sun, but the moon is also 400 times
___________ to Earth, so from Earth’s point of view, the entire sun is blocked.
d. The moon’s shadow only covers a ________ area on Earth’s surface; therefore,
only a small _________ of Earth will be able to observe and experience the
eclipse.
e. Draw the solar eclipse diagram.
2. What is a lunar eclipse?
a. A lunar eclipse occurs when the __________ blocks the rays of the sun from the
__________. (The _________ passes through the _________ shadow. In other
words, a shadow is covering the moon.)
b. A lunar eclipse can only happen during a ________moon.
c. A ________ ___________happens when the moon is completely blocked.
d. Draw the lunar eclipse diagram.
Neap and Spring Tides
1. When the Earth, moon, and sun are in a __________ _______during new and full
moons, a _________ tide occurs. The tidal range is __________. (High tide is higher
than normal, and low tide is lower than normal. You will see the greatest differences
between high and low tides during a spring tide because the sun and moon’s gravity
are working together.) Draw a spring tide diagram.
2. When the Earth, moon, and sun are forming a _______ ________during the 1st quarter
and 3rd quarter moons, a ______ tide occurs. The tidal range is _________. (There
isn’t much difference because the high tide is lower than normal and low tide is higher
than normal). Draw a neap tide diagram.