Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Sample-return mission wikipedia , lookup
Earth's rotation wikipedia , lookup
Definition of planet wikipedia , lookup
Giant-impact hypothesis wikipedia , lookup
History of Solar System formation and evolution hypotheses wikipedia , lookup
Space: 1889 wikipedia , lookup
Franks/Lundberg Which of the following statements best explains how the planets of the solar system formed? A. B. C. D. They are condensed rings of matter thrown off by the younger Sun. They are the remains of an old exploded star that was once paired with our Sun. The Sun captured them from smaller, older, nearby stars. They formed out of a nebular cloud of gas and dust, just like the Sun. Before humans visited the moon and brought back lunar rocks, the age of the moon was unknown. However, we now know through the dating of the oldest lunar rocks that the Moon is close to… A. B. C. D. 186,000 years old 6.5 billion years old 4.4 billion years old 15 billion years old An astronomer notes the change in position of Mars over the course of several nights and concludes that Mars orbits the Sun once every 400 Earth days. This figure is considerably lower than the 687 Earth days that is accepted by the scientific community. This scientist should… Publish the findings to reveal the scientific communities mistake. B. Form a hypothesis that explains how Mar’s orbit can vary so greatly. C. Repeat his experiment, gather a new set of data and see if his results remain the same. D. Add 287 days to the accepted figure of Mar’s orbit. A. About 99.8% of all the mass in the solar system exists in …. A. B. C. D. Planets Asteroids The Sun Empty space Which of the following planets was recently demoted to “dwarf planet” due to its irregular orbit, and the fact that it has not cleared its own path around the Sun? A. B. C. D. Saturn Pluto Mercury Neptune Small bodies that orbit the planets are called… A. B. C. D. Comets Protoplanets Moons Asteroids This planet orbits the Sun the fastest, is riddled with craters, and has the highest temperature range in the solar system due to a lack of an atmosphere. A. B. C. D. Mercury Venus Earth Mars Who proposed the heliocentric model to our solar system, in which the planets revolve at different speeds around the Sun in their orbits A. B. C. D. Galileo Copernicus Kepler Newton The diameter of Saturn is almost 10 times that of Earth’s, however Saturn is so light in weight that it would actually float in water. Which statement below best explains this? A. B. C. D. Saturn is farther from the Sun than Earth Saturn is a gas planet Saturn rotates faster than Earth Saturn is denser than Earth Which statement is most true regarding the inner planets? A. B. C. D. They are mainly made out of solid rock They are called terrestrial planets They do not have rings All of the above Many of the planets and moons in the solar system are covered in craters. These impact craters are evidence of… A. B. C. D. Solar bursts Changes in atmosphere Exploding volcanoes Past collisions with asteroids, comets, and other objects in space Which of the following planets experiences constantly hot surface temperatures due to a runaway greenhouse effect in this planets atmosphere? A. B. C. D. Uranus Venus Earth Mars The asteroid belt of our solar system exists between which two planets? A. B. C. D. Mars and Jupiter Jupiter and Saturn Neptune and Pluto Earth and Mars A region of our solar system just beyond Neptune’s orbit which contains small bodies of ice and rock that was leftover when our solar system formed is called… A. B. C. D. The outer universe The Kuiper Belt The asteroid belt The Quasar Zone Which of the following planets has just the right conditions for water to exist as solid, liquid, and gas? A. B. C. D. Venus Mars Uranus Earth Earths interior is one example, the solar system is another; in both of these systems the denser material sank to the center of gravity, while the lighter material migrated away from the center of gravity. Both of these systems are influenced by gravity and the process called… A. B. C. D. Differentiation Settling Dispersion Layering The hypothesis that states that the Sun and the planets both formed out of the same cloud of gas and dust is called the… A. B. C. D. Copernicus hypothesis Nebular hypothesis Solar hypothesis Galileo hypothesis An astronomical unit is used to measure distance. One astronomical unit equals.. A. B. C. D. The speed of light The average distance between the Earth and the Sun The length of the solar system The diameter of the Sun Light A. B. C. D. speed most accurately measures… Time Distance Gravity Density Through the process of differentiation the Earth’s interior formed different layers. This layer is both Iron and Magnesium-rich, and is directly below the Earth’s crust but above the Earth’s liquid outer core. This layer is called the: A. B. C. D. Atmosphere Hydrosphere Inner core Mantle Which planet contains the highest volcano and the deepest, longest canyon in the solar system, and also has similar seasons to Earth? A. B. C. D. Jupiter Venus Mars Mercury When Earth originally formed 4.6 billion years ago it most likely lacked this atmospheric gas which is necessary for life. A. B. C. D. Hydrogen Helium Nitrogen Oxygen Earth’s first atmosphere most likely contained these two gases. A. B. C. D. Hydrogen and carbon Hydrogen and helium Nitrogen and carbon dioxide Nitrogen and oxygen Through the process of outgassing, Earth’s early atmosphere evolved from a hydrogen/helium atmosphere to an atmosphere dominated by these gases. A. B. C. D. Nitrogen and oxygen Nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor Potassium, iron, and magnesium Hydrogen, helium, and carbon Which factor lead to the emergence of oxygen in Earth’s atmosphere about 2.5 billion years ago? A. B. C. D. Photosynthesizing plants and bacteria Outgassing volcanoes Comet impacts Insects and animals One difference between the terrestrial planets and the outer planets is… A. B. C. D. There are lifeforms on all the terrestrial planets while the outer planets have no life Terrestrial planets consist mainly of rock, while the outer planets consist mainly of gas The terrestrial planets all have liquid oceans, while the outer planets all lack water Terrestrial planets are bigger than the outer planets This scientist/astronomer came up with the scientific laws of gravity and inertia. A. B. C. D. Newton Copernicus Galileo Kepler From the most dense to the least dense, what is the order of the three main layers inside the Earth A. B. C. D. Mantle, core, crust Core, mantle, crust Crust, mantle, core Mantle, crust, core What planet was originally formed from the lighter gases in the outer part of the nebular? A. B. C. D. Mars Mercury Venus Uranus Which planet rotates on its side, most likely due to an impact with a large object? A. B. C. D. Venus Uranus Saturn Mars Which of the following planets appears blue due to all the methane gas found in this planets outer atmosphere? A. B. C. D. Mars Venus Jupiter Neptune Which A. B. C. D. planet is known for its Giant Red Spot? Mars Earth Jupiter Saturn Which planet contains more mass than all the other planets combined? A. B. C. D. Jupiter Saturn Earth Mercury Which planet is best know for its complex ring systems? A. B. C. D. Uranus Saturn Mercury Jupiter All A. B. C. D. the planets revolve around the Sun in… Perfect circles Squares Ellipses Retrograde orbits This planets rotates the slowest of all the planets in the solar system. Additionally it rotates clockwise, a retrograde (backwards) motion to all the other planets. A. B. C. D. Mercury Venus Earth Mars Which of the following planets would have the most moons? A. B. C. D. Earth Venus Mars Jupiter This astronomer is responsible for discovering the laws of planetary motion and the fact that the planets have elliptical orbits. A. B. C. D. Kepler Copernicus Galileo Newton In an area where a river has cut deep into Earth’s crust, there are several different rock layers that have been exposed. The oldest layer is most likely to be… A. B. C. D. Below the other layers The thickest layer The layer most rich in fossils A layer of igneous lava rock Which of the following theories is most accepted regarding how Earth got its moon? A. B. C. D. The moon is an asteroid that was captured by Earth’s gravity Dr. Carpenter told the Moon to “keep it simple” and ever since, we have had a moon The Earth and the moon formed at the same time, 4.6 billion years ago The moon formed when a Mars sized planet hit the Earth about 4.5 billion years ago Technology that has been developed in astronomy, like satellites, has also been useful in… A. B. C. D. Transportation technologies Communication technologies Industrial technologies All of the above An astronomer points a laser at the Moon’s surface and takes daily readings of how long the laser takes to bounce off a reflector on the moon back to Earth. Over the course of 5 years the scientist observes that the laser takes a slightly longer period of time to get to the moon and back every day. What would be the best conclusion that this scientist can make from this experiment? A. B. C. D. The moon is slowly moving farther away from the Earth The moon is slowly moving closer to the Earth The moon will eventually blow up and disappear None of the above make any logical sense Our solar system came into order under the process of differentiation; however, it is the processes of gravity and _________ that maintains this order. A. B. C. D. Cycles Convection Inertia Solar radiation Which of the following most accurately describes the “Goldilocks Zone” regarding planets and stars? A. B. C. D. It is a zone around our Sun where life is possible Within this zone water can exist as solid, liquid, and gas The Goldilocks Zone depends on the brightness and temperature of the star in any given solar system All of the above are correct Scientists observe that the Giant Red Spot on Jupiter appears at the same exact spot on Jupiter’s surface every 9.9 Earth hours. Which of the following statements best supports this observation? A. B. C. D. Jupiter is a gas giant Jupiter rotates on its axis faster than Earth Jupiter is bigger than Earth Jupiter orbits faster than Earth Moon rocks have been dated to 4.4 billion years old, while the oldest rocks ever dated from Earth’s crust are only 3.5 billion years old. Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding this observation? A. B. C. D. The moon is older than Earth The Earth, through plate tectonics, gradually recycles the rocks of Earth’s crust The moon is geologically dead, so the surface of the moon has remained the same longer than Earth’s constantly changing surface. Both B and C are correct statements This term describes a planet’s revolution around the Sun. A. B. C. D. Rotation Revulsion Orbit Cycle Mercury and Venus are also called the Morning and Evening Stars. This is because they can only be seen in the night sky just before sunrise and just after sunset. Which statement below best explains why this is the case? A. B. C. D. Mercury and Venus orbit much farther from the Sun than the Earth Venus and Mercury’s atmospheres are both only detectable when they appear low in the sky on Earth Venus and Mercury’s orbits are much closer to the Sun than Earth’s orbit. Therefore they are much closer to the Sun, and can only be observed from Earth during these times. Venus and Mercury actually are stars Which A. B. C. D. statement about the planets is false? They orbit the Sun They create their own light They are sometimes observed moving backwards across the night sky from Earth. They all spin on an axis at different speeds Which one of the following gases makes up the majority of Venus’s thick atmosphere? A. B. C. D. Carbon monoxide CO Methane gas CH4 Water Vapor H2O Carbon Dioxide CO2 These are the two most abundant (a lot of) elements in the solar system. A. B. C. D. Carbon and oxygen Sulfur and nitrogen Nickel and iron Hydrogen and Helium Earth’s second atmosphere of carbon dioxide, water vapor, and oxygen is directly linked to this geological process. A. B. C. D. Fusion Stabilization Outgassing Fissures Around 4 billion years ago Earth’s thick atmosphere, rich in water vapor and carbon dioxide resembled the atmosphere of this planet today. A. B. C. D. Earth Mars Mercury Venus From about 3.5 to 2 billion years ago Earth’s atmosphere gradually became richer in oxygen. Which of the following factors caused this to occur? A. B. C. D. Outgassing volcanoes Changing weather patterns The emergence of simple plant life The emergence of human beings